직무특성이 개인창의성에 미치는 영향

이덕로(Deog Ro Lee),김태열(Tae Yeol Kim) 한국경영학회 2008 經營學硏究 Vol.37 No.3

Employee creativity can help organizations have competitive advantages for an organizational innovation, survival and long term success. Creativity researchers have concentrated on examining the antecedents that influence employee creativity in an organizational context. Specifically, they have found that personal characteristics (e.g., creative personality and openness) and organizational context (e.g., work environment and leadership) are associated with individual creativity. In particular, it is notable that one of the antecedents of individual creativity is job characteristics. However, less research has focused on examining how various job characteristics influence individual creativity. According to Hackman & Oldham(1980), there are five job characteristics: job autonomy, task identity, task importance, skill variety, and feedback. Researchers have found that those five job characteristics are associated with turnover intention, organizational citizenship behaviors, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. However, no research has examined how those five job characteristics influence individual creativity. In addition, creativity researchers have paid less attention to examine the underlying process by which job characteristics influence individual creativity. To address theses issue, we examined how the five job characteristics influence individual creativity, how job characteristics affect proactive behaviors, and how proactive behaviors influence individual creativity. We also directly test whether proactive behaviors can mediate the relationships between job characteristics and individual creativity. We collected data from 154 employee-supervisor pairs from research and development(R&D) departments in 14 organizations in South Korea. The employees reported on their job characteristics and proactive behaviors, while the supervisors assessed the employees`` individual creativity. To test the research hypotheses, we conducted structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS 4.0. The results show that overall the proposed research model fits to the data well based on various fix indices such as CFI, RMSEA, and GFI. Specifically, we found a positive relationship between individual creativity and the five job characteristics. In addition, the results revealed that job characteristics were significantly associated with proactive behaviors which in turn significantly influenced individual creativity. Finally, proactive behaviors fully mediated the relationship between individual creativity and job characteristics. This study has distinct implications in theory. For example, the present study can contribute to creativity research by examining the effects of various job characteristics on individual creativity. This approach has seldom been used in the literature. Second, it identified an underlying process that related job characteristics to individual creativity. Findings in this study have also some practical implications in organizations. In R&D departments, the results of this study can be adopted to enhance individual creativity by designing jobs that place significance on pertinent job dimensions (i.e., job autonomy, task identity, task importance, skill variety, and feedback). In addition, R&D departments that aim to encourage individual creativity need to provide an environment that encourages proactive employees.

산업재해에 영향을 미치는 개인의 심리적 특성

이정윤,박재연 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.4

This study aims to examine the effects of psychological characteristics of individual on industrial accidents by means of analysis of existing studies on the relationship between industrial accidents and personal psychological characteristics. In addition, it leads to implications of reducing industrial accidents and developing various programs to prevent industrial accidents tailored to individual psychological characteristics. This study shows that emotional state from individual psychological characteristics leads to unsafe behaviors of workers, which can be the cause of industrial accidents. Personality, motivation, cognition, emotion, and health are considerd the psychological characteristics of individuals which generate insecure behavior of workers. Among the individuals with psychological characteristics, the characteristics of the person experiencing the accident are: First, in the event of an accident, the people who turn the control position to the external control position have a high frequency of accidents. Second, people with high neuroticism tend to have higher numbers of accidents. Third, the higher the negative emotions, the higher the likelihood of an accident. These psychological characteristics are not sensitive to safety and are easily exposed to accidents. Many recent incidents are caused by human errors, and consciousness of safety is not only an individual but also a safety insecurity in Korean culture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological characteristics of individuals and the causes of accidents in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures for industrial accidents policy, to develop industrial accidents programs, and to endeavor to reduce industrial accidents through continuous enlightenment of public safety. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 산업재해가 지속적으로 발생하는 이유를 개인의 심리적 특성이 산업재해에 영향을 미쳐 일어난다고 보고 기존연구들을 분석하여 개인의 심리적 특성과 재해 간의 관계에 대해 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 산재발생을 감소시키기 위한 구체적인 방안을 강구하고 개인의 심리적 특성에 맞춘 다양한 산재프로그램 개발의 함의를 제공하기 위한 목적이 있다. 연구결과를 보면 개인의 심리적인 특성으로 인한 정서 상태가 근로자의 불안전한 행동으로 이어져 산업재해의 원인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 근로자의 불안전한 행동을 야기하는 개인의 심리적 특성으로는 성격, 동기, 인지, 정서, 건강 5가지 측면이 있다. 사고를 발생시키는 사람의 특징을 구체적으로 살펴보니 첫째, 사고가 발생했을 경우에 사고발생 원인에 대한 통제 위치를 외적통제 위치로 돌리는 사람이 사고발생 빈도가 높았다. 둘째, 신경증적인 성향이 높은 사람이 사고발생 건수가 더 높았다. 셋째, 부정적 감정이 높을수록 사고를 당할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 심리적 특성은 안전에 대해 민감하지 못하여 사고노출이 쉬우며 노출된다하더라도 적당하게 넘어가기 때문에 대형사고가 발생하게 된다. 최근 발생하고 있는 수많은 크고 작은 사고들이 인재로 판명되고 있는 것을 보면 안전에 대해 민감하지 못한 의식은 개인뿐만 아니라 한국 문화 속에서의 안전에 대한 불감증이 만연되어 있는 것이 그 원인이라고 할 수 있다. 이에 산재심리 프로그램 개발, 안전 불감증에 대한 국민의 지속적인 계몽을 통한 산재감소를 하려는 노력이 필요하다.

HOW AN INDIVIDUAL’S SELF-CONSTRUALS, COSMOPOLITAN AND LOCAL ORIENTATION AFFECT THE IMPACT OF THE FOUR SELF-CONGRUITY TYPES ON BRAND ATTITUDE

Hector Gonzalez Jimenez,Fernando Fastoso,Kyoko Fukukawa 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

This study empirically investigates how four individual-level characteristics impact the effect of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. A widely used practice among marketers focuses on communicating that using their brands will bring consumers closer to how they would like to see themselves, their ideal self-concept (e.g. being a slim person like the models in the ads), instead of how they actually see themselves, their actual self-concept. However, recent research shows that there is no “universality” of a superior self-congruity effect. Specifically, individual-level characteristics (e.g. self-esteem levels, product involvement levels) determine if actual or ideal self-congruity impact brand perceptions more strongly (Mal?r, Krohmer, Hoyer & Nyffenegger, 2011). This study extends that research by (a) considering all four self-congruity types (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social) and (b) four additional individual-level characteristics, which are valuable for segmenting consumer markets within and across countries. The four individual-level characteristics are a dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan orientation and local orientation. Considering these individual-level characteristics offers marketers insights on which of the four self-concept types they should try to match with their brand communications when targeting these specific consumer groups. Survey data from a non-student sample was collected in the US. After performing data cleaning procedures, 800+ usable responses were analysed with the use of PLS-SEM (Lohm?ller, 1989). The measurement models demonstrate satisfactory reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the results suggest that the data is not compromised by non-response bias and common method variance. The structural models display satisfactory predictive capabilities of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. The findings show that as expected an individual’s dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan and local orientation impact which of the four self-congruity types has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant local orientation or interdependent self-construal, actual self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant cosmopolitan orientation or independent self-construal, ideal self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. The findings of this study extend self-congruity theory by considering the effect of these four individual-level characteristics. Managerial implications are also presented.

HOW AN INDIVIDUAL’S SELF-CONSTRUALS, COSMOPOLITAN AND LOCAL ORIENTATION AFFECT THE IMPACT OF THE FOUR SELF-CONGRUITY TYPES ON BRAND ATTITUDE

Hector Gonzalez Jimenez,Fernando Fastoso,Kyoko Fukukawa 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.4

This study empirically investigates how four individual-level characteristics impact the effect of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. A widely used practice among marketers focuses on communicating that using their brands will bring consumers closer to how they would like to see themselves, their ideal self-concept (e.g. being a slim person like the models in the ads), instead of how they actually see themselves, their actual self-concept. However, recent research shows that there is no “universality” of a superior self-congruity effect. Specifically, individual-level characteristics (e.g. self-esteem levels, product involvement levels) determine if actual or ideal self-congruity impact brand perceptions more strongly (Malär, Krohmer, Hoyer & Nyffenegger, 2011). This study extends that research by (a) considering all four self-congruity types (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social) and (b) four additional individual-level characteristics, which are valuable for segmenting consumer markets within and across countries. The four individual-level characteristics are a dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan orientation and local orientation. Considering these individual-level characteristics offers marketers insights on which of the four self-concept types they should try to match with their brand communications when targeting these specific consumer groups. Survey data from a non-student sample was collected in the US. After performing data cleaning procedures, 800+ usable responses were analysed with the use of PLS-SEM (Lohmöller, 1989). The measurement models demonstrate satisfactory reliability, convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the results suggest that the data is not compromised by non-response bias and common method variance. The structural models display satisfactory predictive capabilities of the four self-congruity types on brand attitude. The findings show that as expected an individual’s dominant independent self-construal, interdependent self-construal, cosmopolitan and local orientation impact which of the four self-congruity types has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant local orientation or interdependent self-construal, actual self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. For individuals with a dominant cosmopolitan orientation or independent self-construal, ideal self-congruity has the strongest effect on brand attitude. The findings of this study extend self-congruity theory by considering the effect of these four individual-level characteristics. Managerial implications are also presented.

영재학생의 개인특성, 가정환경, 학교환경과 자기조절학습능력과의 구조적 관계

박혜영(Hye-Young Park),이신동(Shin-Dong Lee) 한국영재교육학회 2018 영재와 영재교육 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 영재학생의 개인특성, 가정환경, 학교환경의 수준에 따른 자기조절학습능력을 살펴보고 구조적 관계 모형 분석을 통해 변인 간의 관계를 규명하여 영재학생의 자기조절학습능력 향상을 위한 가정과 학교의 교육적 지도에 대안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 지역, 학년, 성별을 고려하여 대학부설 영재교육기관과 초등학교 영재학급에서 영재교육 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 초등학교 4학년에서 6학년 학생 415명을 연구대상으로 개인특성검사, 가정환경검사, 학교환경검사와 자기조절검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 영재학생의 개인특성, 가정환경, 학교환경의 수준에 따라 자기조절학습능력에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 개인특성, 가정환경, 학교환경의 상위집단에 속한 영재학생의 자기조절학습능력이 하위집단에 속한 영재학생의 자기조절학습능력과 비교하여 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 영재학생의 개인특성은 자기조절학습능력에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 가정환경과 학교환경은 자기조절학습능력에 직접적인 영향을 미치지는 않지만 학교환경의 경우 개인특성을 매개로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 영재학생의 개인특성, 가정환경, 학교환경과 자기조절학습능력과의 관계에 대한 새로운 이해를 제공하고 영재학생의 자기조절학습능력에 영향을 미치는 개인특성과 학교환경의 중요성을 경험적으로 검증하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine self-regulated learning of gifted students depending on their level of individual characteristic, home environment and school environment, to identify the relationships between variables by establishing and analyzing the structural equation model. In order to conduct this study, 415 elementary students, in gifted programs from the fourth grade to the sixth grade, were selected as subjects for study in consideration of their regions, grades, and gender. Collected data was analyzed by setting the structural equation model based on theoretical and empirical frame. The results were as follows. First, there were significant differences of self-regulated learning of the gifted depending on the level of individual characteristic, home environment, and school environment. Second, individual characteristic has the direct effect on self-regulated learning ability. Home environment and school environment don t have the direct effect on self-regulated learning, but school environment has the mediated effect on self-regulated learning through individual characteristic. The effects of individual characteristic, home environment and school environment of the gifted on self-regulated learning were verified through the structural equation model, and the integrated relation between variables were clarified. This study could have significance as the empirical test that investigates the importance of individual characteristics and school environments on the self-regulated learning ability of gifted students.

관광전공 대학생의 개인적 특성에 따른 창업의지·창업행동에 미치는 영향

최성기 ( Choi Seong-gi ) 한국호텔리조트학회(구 한국호텔리조트카지노산학학회) 2021 호텔리조트연구 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior and identify the effects of the individual characteristics university students majoring in tourism on both entrepreneurial intention and behavior. H1 was tested to show that risk-taking tendency and achievement-motivation, among individual characteristics, have significant effects on entrepreneurial intention, while both entrepreneurial preference and confidence have no effects on it, so H1 was partially adopted. H2 was tested to show that risk-taking tendency and achievement- motivation, among individual characteristics, have significant effects on entrepreneurial behavior, while both entrepreneurial preference and confidence have no effects on it, so H2 was partially adopted. H3 was tested to show that entrepreneurial intention has a significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior, so H3 was adopted. University students majoring in tourism do not receive adequate entrepreneurship education, as shown in their general characteristics. Above all, the education system helping them establish professional knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding start-up should be provided to reflect undergraduates' confidence on reality. In addition, it is thought to be necessary to alleviate their fear of entrepreneurial failure and develop policies for rehabilitating entrepreneurial failures. Finally, education policies should be established to develop and execute entrepreneurial education for helping them cope with the fourth industrial revolution at least in universities. The future research needs to deeply examine many environmental factors influencing both entrepreneurial intention and behavior, except for individual characteristics.

개인 인지사고특성과 직무만족 간의 영향관계에서 감정노동의 조절효과 연구

이하정 ( Hajeong Lee ),장양례 ( Yanglae Jang ) 관광경영학회 2018 관광경영연구 Vol.82 No.-

While duty-free sales service employees’ personalities are influenced by individual cognitive psychological characteristics such as serial thinking, irregular thinking, abstract thinking, and specific thinking, those cognitive characteristics are also deeply related to the level of job satisfaction regarding the general occupation and job abilities. This study analyzes how emotional labor can also be a factor that moderates the correlation between job satisfaction and individual cognitive psychological characteristics. This study shows how the group with higher abstract thinking skills has positive effect on overall job satisfaction in both the correlation between individual cognitive psychological characteristics and job satisfaction as well as emotional diversity and control of emotional imbalance. This study further suggests duty-free sales service employees to implement personality tests in the recruiting process as well as assigning tasks to employees by taking their cognitive psychological characteristics into account.

국제태권도조직의 혁신을 위한 성공요인에 관한 연구

유정석(Yoo, Jung-Seok),한광령(Han, Kwang-Leong) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

This study is based on the purpose of understanding the current status and problems of Taekwondo organizations with those who are working for or in activities for the international Taekwondo organizations, and finding success factors of innovation for international Taekwondo organizations on the theoretical basis. The concrete subjects of this study were about, firstly, what are the success factors in individual characteristics for the innovation of international Taekwondo organizations? Secondly, what are the success factors in managerial characteristics for the innovation of international Taekwondo organizations? In order to get those answers, I set up the frame of the theoretical reference through the documentary study prior to the data collection, and chose the qualitative methodology as a series of study method. 19 study participants were selected by the purposeful sample among those who have businesses or activities related to the international Taekwondo organizations, and the data collection was made through interviews with them through the narrative and semi-structured interviews as well as the telephone interview. In conclusion, for the success factors in individual characteristics for innovation of international Taekwondo organizations, the individual creativity, outer-directedness, and learning orientation were found, and their stronger tendencies were more related to success factors for innovation in the aspects of individual characteristics. For the success factors in managerial characteristics for innovation of international Taekwondo organizations, sharing knowledge, task autonomy, and leadership were found, and these were more related to success factors for it in the aspects of managerial characteristics.

모바일 결제애플리케이션에 따른 개인적 특성, 시스템 특성, 사회적 특성이 수용의도에 미치는 영향

양천,김문홍 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.1

With the spread of mobile commence, the use of mobile service is on the increase. The mobile payment has also played an important role in the mobile service that can be used anytime and anywhere. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affecting the user’s acceptance intention of mobile payment application. The Specific of this study are as follows: First, this study is categorize the major factors from previous studies of mobile payment service in three dimension as individual characteristics, technical characteristics and social characteristics. Second, the major results of this study showed that “innovativeness” and “self-efficacy” which belong to individual characteristics, “usefulness”, “easy to use” and “security” from technical characteristics, “visibility” and “mass media” from social characteristics were all significantly influence on the acceptance of intention of mobile payment application. Such results will be used as a practical reference both to improve understanding on mobile application users and provide several insightful guidelines for strategies to apply mobile payment service. 스마트폰의 보급에 따라 모바일 결제 서비스는 급격히 확대되고 있다. 전 세계어서는 모바일 간편 결제 방식을 주목하고 있으며, 이런 새로운 전자 결제 시장과 잠재적 수익은 많은 기업들의 눈길을 끌었다. 이에 대한 연구는 기술적인 비교 외에는 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 모바일 결제애플리케이션 특성 분석을 통해 모바일 결제애플리케이션 수용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 체계적으로 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서 이론연구와 탐색적인 연구의 바탕으로 모바일 결제애플리케이션 수용의도의 주요 선행요이들을 개인적 특성, 기술적 특성과 사회적 특성 3가지 차원으로 범주화하여 이런 특성은 수용의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 모바일 결제 애플리케이션 개인적 특성인 혁신성과 자기효능감은 수용의도에 대한 긍정적인 영향관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 기술적 특성인 유용성, 용이성과 보안성, 사회적 특성인 가시성, 매스미디어도 모두 수용의도에 대한 긍정적인 영향관계가 있는 결과로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 결과는 앞으로 모바일 결제애플리케이션 이용자에 대한 폭넓은 이해 및 관련 기업들의 대응전략 수립을 위한 실증적인 근거로 활용되기 바란다.

불법다단계판매 범죄피해의 실태와 피해자 특성에 관한 연구

곽대경(Khack, Dae-Gyeong),양승돈(Yang, Seung-Don) 한국피해자학회 2009 被害者學硏究 Vol.17 No.1

Focused on the characteristics of victims, this study look into the actual condition of the illegal multi-level marketing and the characteristics of victims. For the study a survey to 500 victims of illegal multi-level marketing was performed and an analysis was done by frequencies, cross tab and t-test. Findings and policy implications from this analysis are as there; First of all, multi-level marketing heavily rely on personal networking and face-to-face contact with the buyer, consumer damage is quite frequent. In March 2002, the KFTC revised the Door-to-Door Sales Act to monitor multi-level marketing and continuous contract other than door-to-door sales and multi-level marketing and further strengthen its regulation. Second, compared with individual characteristic(gambling spirit, dependence, impulse, week to humanity, sociality), the biggest factor of multi-level marketing is sociality. Other than the week to humanity, they are gambling spirit, dependence, impulse. There, as a result, are different point in the victim's characteristics of multi-level marketing. Consequently, to prevention of illegal multi-level marketing, their countermeasure is needed to consider about individual characteristics of victims.