Disability-Inclusive Development: RI's Competing Agenda

김형식(Kim, Hyung Shik) 한국장애인재활협회 2012 재활복지 Vol.16 No.4

본 논문은 장애포괄개발(DID)을 RI가 향후 추구해야 할 안건 중 하나로 삼을 것을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문은 RI가 오랜 세계적 캠페인의 역사에도 불구하고, 장애 빈곤의 문제를 등한시했다고 주장한다. UN 장애인권리협약(CRPD)의 비준 및 새천년개발목표(MDGS)의 장애포괄개발사업을 다루는 첫 시도를 둘러싼 논란과 더불어, 장애빈곤의 문제는 그 어느 때보다 더 시급해졌다. 본 논문은 장애포괄개발사업이 장애인권리협약의 32조(국제 협력)의 구체적 이행을 통해 추구 될 수 있다고 제안한다. 본 논문은 두 주요 이슈를 다룰 것이다. 첫째, 선진국이 이끈 국제적 협력은 대체로 개도국에 살고 있는 장애인들의 권리와 필요를 고려하지 못했다. 둘째, 장애와 개발의 이슈는 전반적인 RI의 글로벌 활동에 고려되지 않았고 장애연구문건에도 거의 등장하지 않는다. 본 논문이 제기한 주장은 국제개발원조프로그램이 장애인을 포함시키지 못한 것이 장애인을 개발노력으로부터 제외시키고 결과적으로 그들의 ‘개발에 대한 권리’를 부인하게 될 거라는 것이다. 본 논문은 다음의 권고를 결론으로 끝맺는다 : - 장애인을 각 나라의 개발 전략에 핵심 참여자로 인식하라 - 장애인의 개발 프로세스 소유를 보장하라 - 후원국들이 그들의 원조 정책 및 프로그램에 있어 장애인 권리 영향 평가를 수행하도록 촉구 하라. This paper aims to present‘Disability Inclusive Development’hereinafter (DID) as one of the agendas RI should pursue in the coming years. This paper argues that RI, despite its long history of global campaign, has neglected the issues of disability poverty. With the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the controversy surrounding MDGS for it's initial to address DID, the issue of disability poverty has become ever more pressing. This paper suggests that DID can be pursued by specifically implement Article 32 (International Cooperation) of the CRPD. Two major issues will be highlighted in this paper. The first is that international cooperation as led by advanced nations has to a large extent failed to take into account the rights and needs of persons with disabilities living in developing countries. The second is that the issues of disability and development has not been considered in the overall RI's global activities and is very seldom apparent in the disability studies literature. The argument which is presented in this paper is that the failure of international development aid programs to include persons with disabilities will result in excluding people with disability from development efforts, and subsequently deny their‘rights to development’The paper concludes with the following recommendations: - recognize persons with disabilities as key-participants in respective nations' development strategies; - assure ownership of development process by persons with disabilities; - urge donor nations to undertake disability rights impact assessments for their aid policies and programs.

국제연합 해비타트 Ⅲ의 새로운 도시의제에 비추어 본 도시재생법제의 과제

여경수 ( Yeo¸ Gyeong-su ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 일감부동산법학 Vol.- No.23

본 연구는 유엔 해비타트 Ⅲ의 새로운 도시의제에 비추어 본 우리나라의 도시재생법제의 과제를 제시하고자 한다. 지난 2016년 에콰도르의 수도인 키토(Quito)에서는 주거와 지속가능도시발전회의(The United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development : Habitat III)가 진행되었다. 해비타트 III는 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)와 파리기후협약의 연장선상에서 진행된 배경이 있다. 해비타트 III의 결과물로는 새로운 도시의제(New Urban Agenda)를 제시한다. 새로운 도시의제는 지속가능발전목표의 11번 과제인 지속가능한 도시개발과 관리(Sustainable Cities and Communities)와 밀접한 관련성을 지니고 있다. 지속가능발전목표의 11번은 주거환경에서 포용성, 안전, 복원력, 지속가능성을 중요한 가치로 제시하고 있다. 새로운 도시의제는 도시재생의 과정에서 다음과 같은 내용을 강조하고 있다. 첫째, 사회적 포용과 빈곤 종식을 위한 지속가능한 도시 개발(Sustainable urban development for social inclusion and ending poverty)이다. 둘째, 모두를 위한 지속가능하고 포용적인 도시의 번영과 기회(Sustainable and inclusive urban prosperity and opportunities for all)이다. 셋째, 환경적으로 지속가능하고 복원력 있는 도시 개발(Environmentally sustainable and resilient urban development)이다. 우리나라에서는 지난 2013년 도시재생 활성화 및 지원에 관한 특별 법이 제정되어, 운영되고 있다. 당시 도시재생법이 제정된 배경은 다음과 같다. 도시재생법을 제정하여, 공공의 역할과 지원을 강화하여 도시의 자생적인 성장기반을 확충하자는 취지이다. 또한 도시재생과정에서 지역의 공동체를 회복하여, 국민의 삶의 질이 향상되는 것에 이바지하는 것이 도시재생법의 목적이다. 정리하면, 우리나라의 도시재생사업의 목표는, ① 일자리 창출, ② 삶의 질 향상과 생활복지의 구현, ③ 적절한 정주환경의 조성, ④ 지역의 정체성에 기반한 문화적인 환경조성, ⑤ 주민역량의 강화를 통한 주민 공동체의 활성화이다. 우리나라의 도시재생법제는 새로운 도시의제와 지속가능한 발전목표의 원칙에 맞도록 운영되어야 한다. 특히 우리나라의 도시재생법제상 주거환경에서 포용성, 안전, 회복력, 지속가능성이 반영될 필요성이 있다. 새로운 도시의제를 통해서는 국제적인 도시재생의 법제의 방향성을 파악할 수 있다. 또한 우리나라의 도시재생법제의 현황을 객관적인 시각에서 파악할 수 있으며, 궁극적으로는 국제적인 기준에 맞는 우리나라 도시재생법제의 과제를 새로운 도시의제에서 모색할 수 있다. This study attempts to review the processes and characteristics of the legal review of urban regeneration in the light of the new urban agenda of habitat Ⅲ in Korea. UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme working towards a better urban future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable human settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for all. In October 2016, in Quito, Ecuador, at the UN Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development - Habitat Ⅲ - member states signed the New Urban Agenda. The New Urban Agenda (NUA) has defined a clear action plan for advancing development through urbanization. The HABITAT Ⅲ Conference has the convening power to bring together all relevant actors to address the complex challenges to sustainable urban development and to achieve the outlined objectives. Solutions can only be found by bringing together State actors, multilateral organizations, local governments, private sector and civil society. All together will shape and, hopefully, implement the New Urban Agenda. The UN-HABITAT Ⅲ conference enshrined the first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) with an exclusively urban focus. SDG 11, as it became known, aims to make cities more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable through a range of metrics, indicators, and evaluation systems. When the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, it identified Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) relating Urban Regeneration to including : Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The rapid growth of cities ―a result of rising populations and increasing migration― has led to a boom in mega-cities, especially in the developing world, and slums are becoming a more significant feature of urban life. Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways. And the New Urban Agenda emphasizes the following policy directions: ① Sustainable urban development for social inclusion and ending poverty, ② Sustainable and inclusive urban prosperity and opportunities for all, ③ Environmentally sustainable and resilient urban development. This study mainly covers the legislative process of the “Special act on promotion of and support for urban regeneration”, which was passed in the National Assembly in June 2013 in Korea. The purpose of this act is to contribute to enhancement of the quality of life of the people, such as the expansion of the base for sustainable growth of cities, improvement of competitiveness of cities, and recovery of local community, by strengthening the public role and support for the economic, social, and cultural revitalization of cities. Urban regeneration means economic, social, physical, and environmental revitalization of a city which is declining due to depopulation, change of industrial structure, indiscriminate expansion of cities, deterioration of the dwelling condition, etc. Many cities around the Korea are facing acute challenges in managing rapid urbanization from ensuring adequate housing and infrastructure to support growing populations, to confronting the environmental impact of urban sprawl, to reducing vulnerability to disasters. UN-Habitat is applying its technical expertise, normative work and capacity development to implement the New Urban Agenda and Sustainable Development Goal 11 - to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

공적개발원조(ODA)에 있어 장애주류화: 국제동향 및 한국의 혁신 방향

황주희 ( Hwang Ju Hee ),박은혜 ( Park Eun Hye ) 한국보건사회연구원 2013 保健社會硏究 Vol.33 No.2

국제사회에서 장애의 이슈는 오랜 시간 동안 배제되고 소외되어 왔다. 2000년 새천년 선언이 발표되고 새천년개발목표가 수립될 당시에도 장애 이슈는 배제되어 논의에 포함 되지 못하였다. 그러나 장애와 빈곤의 강력한 양방향 관련성이 확인되고, 장애인이 개발 도상국가에서 가장 빈곤하고 취약한 집단으로 살아가고 있는 현실이 알려지면서, 개발에 있어 장애주류화 없이는 세계빈곤퇴치를 첫 번째 목표로 설정하고 있는 새천년목표의 달성은 어려운 문제로 간주되고 있다. 2010년 한국은 일본에 이어 아시아에서는 두 번째로 OECD/DAC의 회원국으로 등록된 신흥공여국이 되었다. 신흥공여국으로서 한국 ODA의 양적 확대는 물론 ODA 정책의 선진화 두 가지 모두를 고려한 국제협력정책을 발전시켜야 할 의무를 가지게 되었다. 이를 위해서는 UN을 비롯한 선진공여국의 국제협력의 방향과 최근 경향들을 이해해야 하며, 국제적 수준에 맞는 개발원조를 시행하여야 할 중요한 시점에 놓여있는 것이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 ODA 효과성을 증대하고, 세계 빈곤퇴치에 일조하며, 한국 ODA 정책의 선진화를 위한 노력의 일환으로 국제협력개발에 있어 장애주류화를 위한 국제동향을 파악하고 한국의 혁신방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 (1) 국제사회에서 규정하고 있는 장애포괄적 개발에 대한 기본개념들을 살펴보고, (2) 국제적으로 논의되고 있는 장애포괄적 개발에 대한 논의의 흐름을 검토하며, (3) 개발에 있어 장애주류화를 혁신적으로 시행하고 있는 AusAID의 사례를 면밀히 분석하여 한국의 장애포괄적 개발을 위한 정책적 방향을 제시하였다. Generally, the people with disabilities have low voice in public discourses. The opportunities were lost to address various concerns of one billion of the world`s most marginalized citizens who are frequently neglected including the development of national and international policies and programs. The Republic of Korea was the second Asian country after Japan to become a member of the OECD/DAC as a donor country in 2010. This membership indicated that Korea needed to meet the expectations on the international standards of planning and implementing the ODA policies. This, moreover, indicated that Korea must not only make relevant contributions in terms of the ODA level, but also adopt the advanced ODA strategies to progress in implementing aid effectiveness. For this, the purpose of this study was to suggest political implications for developing disability-inclusive development for Korea`s ODA. To accomplish this study aims, the researcher investigated international literatures related to (1) the international standards and polices including disability and disability-inclusive development and (2) the international efforts, such as UN and other advanced donor countries, for the disability-inclusive development. The researcher also intensely analyzed (3) the AusAID disabilityinclusive development history, strategies, objectives and outcome indicators to draw conclusions about future directions for the Korea`s successful development achievements.

중국 디지털 포용적 금융이 경제 발전에 미치는 영향 - 중국 31개 성시 기반을 중심으로 -

유국봉,배기형,부진혁 한국문화융합학회 2022 문화와 융합 Vol.44 No.12

The close integration of finance and technology promotes the rapid development of digital inclusive finance, creates conditions for residents and low-income groups to enjoy financial services at a lower cost, and provides a foundation for further economic development. By establishing an economic development indicator system, the economic development data from 2011 to 2020 for 31 provinces and cities in China and a panel model of the digital inclusive financial development index were used to empirically analyze their impact on China's economic development. The effect on development was empirically analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that digital inclusive finance had a significant positive (+) effect on Shandong's economic development. Second, it was found that the coverage breadth, the usage depth, the digitization level had a significant positive (+) effect on the economic development of China.

중국 디지털 포용적 금융이 경제 발전에 미치는 영향 - 산둥성 기반을 중심으로 -

유국봉,배기형,부진혁 한국문화융합학회 2022 문화와 융합 Vol.44 No.9

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of digital inclusive finance on the economic development of Shandong Province in the background of rapid economic development. By establishing an economic development index system, this study uses a panel model for economic development data and digital inclusive financial development index from 2011 to 2020 for 16 provinces in Shandong Province to determine whether digital inclusive financial development in Shandong is the economy of Shandong Province. The effect on development was empirically analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that digital inclusive finance had a significant positive (+) effect on Shandong's economic development. Second, it was found that the breadth of coverage, the operational depth, the degree of digitization had a significant positive (+) effect on the economic development of Shandong Province.

통합교육활동 및 환경이 장애아의 신체발달에 주는 효과

홍길회 ( Kil Hoe Hong ),조숙경 ( Suk Kyung Cho ) 대한아동복지학회 2004 아동복지연구 Vol.2 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 장애아가 비장애아와의 통합교육환경 및 활동을 통해 신체발달에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 도구로는 교육진단검사(PEP검사), 통합프로그램, 점토 작품 분석 기준, 인물화 분석 기준을 사용하였다. 연구분석결과 통합교육환경에서 5개발달영역중 신체발달에 주는 효과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 큰 근육운동발달을 보면 A 유아는 중재후 11개월(67%)이 향상되고, B 유아는 중재전 62개월(159)이 중재후 50개월(106%)의 발달연령 점수로 낮아졌지만 싹트기 점수로는 63개월(134%)의 향상된 점수를 보였다. 둘째, 작은 근육운동 발달의 경우 A 유아는 중재후 10개월(67%)이 향상되고 B 유아의 경우도 중재후 7개월(117%) 의 발달이 향상된 것으로 나타나고 있다. 셋째, 눈. 손 협응에서 A 유아는 중재후와 추후검사 결과 모두 5개월 향상되었고, B 유아의 경우도 중재후 13개월(113%) 향상된 것으로 나타나고 있다. 넷째, 인물화 및 점토 작품을 통한 신체 개념 인식의 사후결과는 얼굴윤곽이 사전활동에 비해 팔다리와 인공와우를 표현하는 등 구체적인 묘사를 나타내었다. 장애아와 비장애아의 활동을 통해 전반적인 발달을 보이는 것으로서 통합교육활동 및 환경이 장애아에게 어떠한 영향을 주는지 살펴본 연구였으며, 추후 연계된 연구가 다양하게 이뤄져야 할 것이다. This study intended to study the effect of motor development through inclusive education environment on activity disabled children and ordinary children, and used the psycho educational profile (PEP), inclusive program, clay work analysis basis, figure painting analysis basis as study tool. In the analysis result, followings are the effects influencing on physical development among 5 development areas in the inclusive education environment. First, A child improved 11 months (67%) after arbitration and B child lowered development age score from 62 months (159) to 50 months (106%) after arbitration but showed improved 63 months (134%) bud score in gross muscle motor development. Second, A child improved 10 months (67%) and B child improved 7 months (117%) development after arbitration in the fine muscle motor development. Third, A child improved 5 months both after arbitration and in later test result in eye and hand coordination and B child also improved 13 months (113%) after arbitration. Fourth, post result of physical concept through figure printing and clay work showed more concrete description such as face outlines representing arm and leg and artificial cochlea etc. compared with pre activity. This study showed the effects of inclusive education activity and environment by representing the whole development by disabled children and ordinary children and further related study should be conducted in various aspects.

Disability-Inclusive Development : RI's Competing Agenda

김형식 한국장애인재활협회 2012 재활복지 Vol.16 No.4

본 논문은 장애포괄개발(DID) 을 RI 가 향후 추구해야 할 안건 중 하나로 삼을 것을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문은 RI 가 오랜 세계적 캠페인의 역사에도 불구하고, 장애 빈곤의 문제를 등한시했다고 주장한다. UN 장애인권리협약(CRPD) 의 비준 및 새천년개발목표(MDGS) 의 장애포괄개발사업을 다루는 첫 시도를 둘러싼 논란과 더불어, 장애빈곤의 문제는 그 어느 때보다 더 시급해졌다. 본 논문은 장애포괄개발사업이 장애인권리협약의 32 조(국제 협력)의 구체적 이행을 통해 추구 될 수 있다고 제안한다. 본 논문은 두 주요 이슈를 다룰 것이다. 첫째, 선진국이 이끈 국제적 협력은 대체로 개도국에 살고 있는 장애인들의 권리와 필요를 고려하지 못했다. 둘째, 장애와 개발의 이슈는 전반적인 RI 의 글로벌 활동에 고려되지 않았고 장애 연구문건에도 거의 등장하지 않는다. 본 논문이 제기한 주장은 국제개발원조프로그램이 장애인을 포함시키지 못한 것이 장애인을 개발노력으로부터 제외시키고 결과적으로 그들의 ‘ 개발에 대한 권리’를 부인하게 될 거라는 것 이다. 본 논문은 다음의 권고를 결론으로 끝맺는다 : -장애인을 각 나라의 개발 전략에 핵심 참여자로 인식하라 -장애인의 개발 프로세스 소유를 보장하라 -후원국들이 그들의 원조 정책 및 프로그램에 있어 장애인 권리 영향 평가를 수행하도록 촉구하라. This paper aims to present 'Disability Inclusive Development' hereinafter (DID) as one of the agendas RI should pursue in the coming years. This paper argues that RI, despite its long history of global campaign, has neglected the issues of disability poverty. With the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the controversy surrounding MDGS for its' initial to address DI, the issue of disability poverty has become ever more pressing. This paper suggests that DID can be pursued by specifically implement Article 32 (International Cooperation) of the CRPD. Two major issues will be highlighted in this paper. The first is that international cooperation as led by advanced nations has to a large extent failed to take into account the rights and needs of persons with disabilities living in developing countries. The second is that the issues of disability and development has not been considered in the overall RI's global activities and is very seldom apparent in the disability studies literature. The argument which is presented in this paper is that the failure of international development aid programs to include persons with disabilities will result in excluding people with disability from development efforts, and subsequently deny their 'rights to development'. The paper concludes with the following recommendations: - recognize persons with disabilities as key-participants in respective nations' development strategies; - assure ownership of development process by persons with disabilities; - urge donor nations to undertake disability rights impact assessments for their aid policies and programs.

Reduction of Economic Disparities in the Regions of Kazakhstan Based on Inclusive Development

Nailya K. NURLANOVA,Azimkhan A. SATYBALDIN,Nursaule Zh. BRIMBETOVA,Anel A. Kireyeva 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.6 No.2

This study aims to explore the theoretical concepts of inclusive development in relation to the spatial context, assessment the disparities in the social and economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan and substantiate the main mechanisms for overcoming them. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of social and economic development in the regions of Kazakhstan. In this study used methods, which based on measuring disproportions between the levels of economic and social development of the regions, as well as disproportions between the republican and regional levels. According to the author’s methodological approach, complex and integral indexes have calculated over the period 2012-2017 for a number of indicators adapted to the conditions of Kazakhstan. The calculated indexes proposed to use as instruments for measuring the level of the social and economic development. In addition, according the obtained indexes and the results of their ranking can be the basis for the development of regional programs and management decisions. This will improve the targeted support of the population in backward regions in order to ensure inclusive development and improve the quality of life of the population.

Inclusive Development as a Basis for Reducing Spatial Inequality : : Kazakhstan s Experience

Nailya K. NURLANOVA,Nursaule Zh,BRIMBETOVA,Akedil K,OMAROV 한국유통과학회 2018 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2018 No.-

This study aims is to explore of the theoretical concepts of inclusive development in relation to the spatial context, assessment the disparities in the social and economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan and substantiate the main mechanisms for overcoming them. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of social and economic development in the regions of Kazakhstan. In this study used methods, which based on measuring disproportions between the levels of economic and social development of the regions, as well as disproportions between the republican and regional levels. According to the author’s methodological approach, complex and integral indexes have calculated over the period 2012–2017 for a number of indicators adapted to the conditions of Kazakhstan. The calculated indexes proposed to use as instruments for measuring the level of the social and economic development. In addition, according the obtained indexes and the results of their ranking can be the basis for the development of regional programs and management decisions. This will improve the targeted support of the population in backward regions in order to ensure inclusive development and improve the quality of life of the population.

A New Policy of Spatial Development of Kazakhstan on the Principles of Inclusiveness and Smart Specialization

Azimkhan A. Satybaldin,Nailya K. Nurlanova,Anel A. Kireyeva 한국유통과학회 2016 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.3 No.3

The aim of this study is theoretical and methodological justification of formation of a new policy of spatial development of Kazakhstan's economy, which is based on the principles of inclusiveness and smart specialization. Unlike previous research, the scientific significance of the obtained results consists in the conceptual justification of the basic theoretical concepts; spatial development, covering issues of concentration, specialization, and location of production. In this study, we used scientific methods: conceptual approach involves studying various concepts of spatial development on the principle of inclusive growth and smart specialization; economic analysis allows conducting a brief assessment of the economic status of regions for a certain period; structured approach involves to the formation of new policy of spatial development. Based on this research we conclude that most successful regions have formed based on principles of inclusiveness and smart specialization, which increases opportunities for well-functioning synergistic mechanism in the field of advanced technologies with subsequent access to global markets.