DYNAMIC MODELING OF THE ELECTRO-MECHANICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE TOYOTA HYBRID SYSTEM SERIES/PARALLEL POWER TRAIN

C. MANSOUR,D. CLODIC 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.1

The hybridization of the conventional thermal vehicles nowadays constitutes a paramount importance for car manufacturers, facing the challenge of minimizing the consumption of the road transport. Although hybrid power train technologies did not converge towards a single solution, series/parallel power trains with power-split electromechanical transmissions prove to be the most promising hybrid technology. In fact, these power trains show maximum power train overall efficiency and maximum fuel reduction in almost all driving conditions compared to the conventional and other hybrid power trains. This paper addresses the model and design of the electro-mechanical configuration of one of the most effective HEV power trains: case study of the 2nd generation Prius. It presents the simulation work of the overall operation of the Toyota Hybrid System (THS-II) of the Prius, and explores not only its power-split eCVT innovative transmission system but also its overall supervision controller for energy management. The kinematic and dynamic behaviors of the THS-II power train are explained based on the power-split aspect of its transmission through a planetary gear train. Then, the possible regular driving functionalities that result from its eCVT operation and the energy flow within its power train are outlined. A feedforward dynamic model of the studied power train is next proposed, supervised by a rule-based engineering intuition controller. The energy consumption of the THS-II proposed model has been validated by comparing simulation results to published results on European, American and Japanese regulatory driving cycles.

OPTIMIZED ENERGY MANAGEMENT CONTROL FOR THE TOYOTA HYBRID SYSTEM USING DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING ON A PREDICTED ROUTE WITH SHORT COMPUTATION TIME

C. MANSOUR,D. CLODIC 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.2

Among the general problematic of the HEV power trains, the most critical point is the determination of the power-split ratio between the mechanical and the electrical paths, known as the energy management strategy (EMS). Many EMS are proposed in the literature, and can be grouped in two categories: the local optimization EMS and the global optimization EMS. The local optimization category corresponds to the EMS based on human expertise and the knowledge of the power train components efficiency maps. Thus, the local optimization EMS manages the power train operations by referring to predefined rules. The drawback of such strategies is that it brings an instantaneous fuel consumption optimization, and does not fully optimize the fuel consumption over the whole trip. Therefore, additional fuel savings are still possible. This paper presents an overall optimized predictive EMS for the Toyota Hybrid System (THS-II) power train of the Prius. The proposed EMS is based on Dynamic Programming (DP), where the prior knowledge of the route is required in order to predetermine the power-split ratio and optimize the fuel consumption for the whole predicted route. The DP EMS proposed for the THS-II power train is designed with a very short computation time, intended to be implemented in real-time applications. The potential of this DP-controller in reducing fuel consumption on regulatory cycles are computed and compared to a rule-based controller and to the Prius published fuel consumption results. Finally, the fuel reduction enhancements of the DP-controller are computed for real road tests achieved on a MY06 Prius in Ile-de-France, by comparing to the associated observed consumption measurements.

Development of Fuel-efficient Construction Equipment

Doo-Yearn Jo,Sangyeop Kwak,Nagin Kim 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Environmental and energy issues demand the construction equipment industry to develop more efficient and energy-saving machines as they have done to the automotive industry in the past two decades. Construction equipments such as excavators, loaders, and forklift trucks, have unique power train mechanisms, thus raise unique technical issues with respect to efficiency improvement or energy savings. Traditionally hydraulic systems, which have unparalleled power density and ruggedness, have been the core parts of the construction equipments’ power train. Due to heavy work load and long daily operation hours compared to automobiles, the economic impact of energy efficient equipment on customers’ maintenance budget must be greater than that of automotives. Hence, there are challenges and opportunities in this industry for energy saving technologies like hybrid power trains. Although not popular yet, hybrid excavators made their debut in the market, and commercialization of hybrid loaders and forklift trucks will soon become a reality. Recent advances in power electronics and electric machines have played a crucial role in hybridizations of construction equipments.

FUEL ECONOMY ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL MULTI-MODE PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

S. J. KIM,Y.-S. YOON,S. KIM,김경수 한국자동차공학회 2015 International journal of automotive technology Vol.16 No.3

In this paper, a multi-mode parallel hybrid power-train so called clutchless geared smart transmission (CGST), is proposed and assessed in terms of the fuel economy. The use of a single motor/generator and a planetary gear enables the CGST to provide remarkable flexibility with four operational modes including the parallel hybrid mode. Based on its novel configuration, a fuel consumption model is newly developed and simulated to analyze the fuel economy of the CGST. The performance of the CGST is compared with those of the power-split hybrid system and the conventional manual transmission in city and highway cycles. The CGST shows the best efficiency in highway driving by reducing the unnecessary energy loss from the electric motor. Moreover, thanks to brake-regeneration and efficient engine operation with the specific operational modes, the fuel economy in the city cycle is comparable to that of the power-split hybrid system even though the CGST uses just a single electric motor.

A Novel Hybrid Suspension Electromagnet for Middle-low Speed Maglev Train

Han Weitao,Sun Jinji,Liu Xiankai,Guo Haixia,Wang Jinsha 한국자기학회 2017 Journal of Magnetics Vol.22 No.3

This paper proposes a novel hybrid suspension electromagnet for application in the middle-low speed maglev train. Its configuration and working principle are introduced. Mathematical models of the suspension force and guidance force are established accurately by equivalent magnetic circuit method (EMCM), from which the relationships of suspension force-control current-suspension gap and guidance force-guidance displacement are derived. Finite element method (FEM) is also applied to analyze the performances and characteristics of the novel hybrid suspension electromagnet. The analysis results are in good agreement with those calculated by EMCM, which is helpful in designing and optimizing the suspension system. The comparisons are made between the performances of the novel and the traditional electromagnets. The contrast results indicate that the proposed hybrid suspension electromagnet possesses better performances compared to the traditional structure, especially the little control current and the low suspension power loss.

하이브리드 동력전달 시스템의 구조강도 및 동적해석에 관한 연구

김병삼(ByeongSam Kim),임광규(Kwangku Lim) 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

This paper has written on Hybrid tractor for power train system. The tractor industry is facing to a big problem about rising gas price and exhaust gas environment. Because it was possible overcoming the past drawback, Hybrid vehicle had been decided as the best technical way since it has started operating the internal combustion engine with the electric power as the motive power. to make it applicable technically, I have designed the model of a major power transmission factor. the simulation realized in this paper will show the process of tractor being turned by torque and force of each joints

지도학습 기반 Power-split 하이브리드 자동차 동력 분배 제어기 설계

박준규(Junkyu Park),안창선(Changsun Ahn),김주희(Juhui Gim) 한국자동차공학회 2023 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2023 No.11

Development of AC/DC Hybrid Simulation for Operator Training Simulator in Railway System

Cho, Yoon-Sung,Lee, Hansang,Jang, Gilsoo The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1

Operator training simulator, within a training environment designed to understand the principles and behavior of the railway system with respect to operator's entries and predefined scenario, can provide a very strong benefit in facilitating operators' handling undesired operations. This simulator consists of computer system and applications, and the purpose of applications is to generate the power and voltage and analyze the AC substation and DC railway, respectively. This paper describes a novel approach to the new techniques for AC/DC hybrid simulation for the operator training simulator in the railway system. We first propose the structure the database of railway system. Then, topology processing and power flow using a linked-list method based on the proposed database, full or decoupled newton-rapshon methods are presented. Finally, the interface between the analysis for AC substation using a newton-rapshon method and the analysis for DC railway system using a time-interval power flow method is described. We have verified and tested the developed algorithm through the extensive testing for the proposed test system. To demonstrate the validity of the developed algorithm, comparative simulations between the proposed algorithm and PSS/E for the test system were conducted.

Development of AC/DC Hybrid Simulation for Operator Training Simulator in Railway System

조윤성,장길수,이한상 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1

Operator training simulator, within a training environment designed to understand the principles and behavior of the railway system with respect to operator’s entries and predefined scenario, can provide a very strong benefit in facilitating operators’ handling undesired operations. This simulator consists of computer system and applications, and the purpose of applications is to generate the power and voltage and analyze the AC substation and DC railway, respectively. This paper describes a novel approach to the new techniques for AC/DC hybrid simulation for the operator training simulator in the railway system. We first propose the structure the database of railway system. Then, topology processing and power flow using a linked-list method based on the proposed database,full or decoupled newton-rapshon methods are presented. Finally, the interface between the analysis for AC substation using a newton-rapshon method and the analysis for DC railway system using a time-interval power flow method is described. We have verified and tested the developed algorithm through the extensive testing for the proposed test system. To demonstrate the validity of the developed algorithm, comparative simulations between the proposed algorithm and PSS/E for the test system were conducted.

Development of AC/DC Hybrid Simulation for Operator Training Simulator in Railway System

Yoon-Sung Cho,Hansang Lee,Gilsoo Jang 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1

Operator training simulator, within a training environment designed to understand the principles and behavior of the railway system with respect to operator’s entries and predefined scenario, can provide a very strong benefit in facilitating operators’ handling undesired operations. This simulator consists of computer system and applications, and the purpose of applications is to generate the power and voltage and analyze the AC substation and DC railway, respectively. This paper describes a novel approach to the new techniques for AC/DC hybrid simulation for the operator training simulator in the railway system. We first propose the structure the database of railway system. Then, topology processing and power flow using a linked-list method based on the proposed database, full or decoupled newton-rapshon methods are presented. Finally, the interface between the analysis for AC substation using a newton-rapshon method and the analysis for DC railway system using a time-interval power flow method is described. We have verified and tested the developed algorithm through the extensive testing for the proposed test system. To demonstrate the validity of the developed algorithm, comparative simulations between the proposed algorithm and PSS/E for the test system were conducted.