Excitation frequency, fastener stiffness and damping, and speed of the moving harmonic load on the dynamic response of the track structure

Liu Yan-qi,Zhang Yan,Song Chun-fang,Huangsen Gu,Longlong Xu 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.1

The dynamic response of a track structure under a uniform-speed moving harmonic load is researched according to dynamic response characteristics of a periodic structure under moving harmonic load in the frequency domain. The track was assumed as a simple Euler beam model periodically supported by continuous discrete point, and mathematical model of the dynamic differential equation of vertical vibration for the track structure is built. Then, the analytical equation for the dynamic response of any point on the track structure is concluded in the frequency domain for the following research. The dynamic responses of the track structure under the uniform-speed moving harmonic load are investigated using the theory of infinite periodic structure. Finally, the effects of excitation frequency, fastener stiffness, fastener damping, and speed of the moving harmonic load on the dynamic response of the track structure are studied. Results indicate that the response peaks of the rail under moving harmonic load occur near the excitation frequency, and the dynamic response decreases rapidly in the area far from the excitation frequency. The response peaks of the rail will move slightly toward a high frequency with the increase in the excitation frequency. The increase in the fastener stiffness will lead to improvement of the dynamic response of the rail in the nonresonant region at a high frequency, equivalent to the high rigidity of the rail fastener and intense vibration of the rail. The changes in fastener damping exert no significant effect on the resonant peak and peak bandwidth of the system. The fastener damping plays a significant role in restraining the vibration at a high frequency. The strong vibration of the track structure can be effectively controlled by an increase in the damping.

Chaotic ant colony algorithm‑based frequency‑optimized random switching frequency SVPWM control strategy

Siyan Zhang,Xudong Wang,Kai Zhou,Xuan Shao,Jinfeng Liu 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.11

To solve the problem where the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of a three-phase inverter produces large harmonic components near the switching frequency (fs) and its doubling frequency, a frequency-optimized random switching frequency SVPWM (FORSF-SVPWM) control strategy is proposed in this paper. In this strategy, the basic principle of the chaotic ant colony algorithm in path optimization is used to determine the optimized scheme of the switching frequency distribution in the FORSF-SVPWM. Research shows that the frequency sample formed by the sigmoid function curve in the switching frequency range can cause the energy that was originally concentrated on the switching frequency and its doubling frequency to be more evenly distributed in the whole frequency range. Moreover, the amplitude of each harmonic wave is shown to be suppressed. The proposed strategy reduces the high-frequency noise and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) existing in power switching circuits. Thus, this strategy is obviously better than the traditional random switching frequency SVPWM (RSF-SVPWM) algorithm with its approximately uniform frequency distribution. Simulation and experimental results show that this strategy can work well in the hardware platform of a three-phase inverter without changing the topology of the main circuit of the system. In addition, this strategy is easy to implement.

분포하중이 철근 콘크리트 슬래브의 동적 거동에 미치는 영향

오경윤 ( Oh Kyung-yoon ),조진구 ( Cho Jin-goo ),최수명 ( Choi Soo-myung ),홍종현 ( Hong Chong-hyun ) 한국농공학회 2008 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.50 No.2

This study has been carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of RC slabs. For this purpose, the 20-node solid element has been used to discretize the RC slabs into two parts of concrete and rebar. The material non-linearity considering elasto-visco plastic model and the smeared crack model have been adopted in the finite element formulation. The applied load can handle step load, load intensity of harmonic load, area of distributed load and frequency. The frequency of harmonic load has an significant effect on dynamic behaviour in terms of displacement. As the frequency is increased, the effect of load amplitude is more serious. Especially, if the frequency of harmonic load exceeds 30 Hz, it is noted that the displacement by harmonic load is greater than that by step load. In case of harmonic load, the damping effect shows no certain tendency with respect to frequency of load. In details, the damping is effective when the frequency of harmonic load is 2 Hz, but there is no consistent tendency according to damping ratio. The dynamic response when the frequency of harmonic load is 3 Hz shows same result for undamped case as well as for damped case with 5% damping ratio. It is also noted that we can get the largest deflection for damped case with 1% damping ratio. However, there is not any damping effect when the frequency of harmonic load is greater than 4 Hz.

FM변조된 형태의 Kernel을 사용한 음성신호의 시간-주파수 표현 해상도 향상에 관한 연구

이희영,최승호,Lee, He-Young,Choi, Seung-Ho 한국음성학회 2005 음성과학 Vol.12 No.4

Time-frequency representation reveals some useful information about instantaneous frequency, instantaneous bandwidth and boundary of each AM-FM component of a speech signal. In many cases, the instantaneous frequency of each component is not constant. The variability of instantaneous frequency causes degradation of resolution in time-frequency representation. This paper presents a method of adaptively adjusting the transform kernel for preventing degradation of resolution due to time-varying instantaneous frequency. The transform kernel is the form of frequency modulated function. The modulation function in the transform kernel is determined by the estimate of instantaneous frequency which is approximated by first order polynomial at each time instance. Also, the window function is modulated by the estimated instantaneous. frequency for mitigation of fringing. effect. In the proposed method, not only the transform kernel but also the shape and the length of. the window function are adaptively adjusted by the instantaneous frequency of a speech signal.

Image Enhancement for Sub-Harmonic Phased Array by Removing Surface Wave Interference with Spatial Frequency Filter

Park, Choon-Su,Kim, Jun-Woo,Cho, Seung Hyun,Seo, Dae-Cheol The Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing 2014 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Closed cracks are difficult to detect using conventional ultrasonic testing because most incident ultrasound passes completely through these cracks. Nonlinear ultrasound inspection using sub-harmonic frequencies a promising method for detecting closed cracks. To implement this method, a sub-harmonic phased array (PA) is proposed to visualize the length of closed cracks in solids. A sub-harmonic PA generally consists of a single transmitter and an array receiver, which detects sub-harmonic waves generated from closed cracks. The PA images are obtained using the total focusing method (TFM), which (with a transmitter and receiving array) employs a full matrix in the observation region to achieve fine image resolution. In particular, the receiving signals are measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to collect PA images for both fundamental and sub-harmonic frequencies. Oblique incidence, which is used to boost sub-harmonic generation, inevitably produces various surface waves that contaminate the signals measured in the receiving transducer. Surface wave interference often degrades PA images severely, and it becomes difficult to read the closed crack's position from the images. Various methods to prevent or eliminate this interference are possible. In particular, enhancing images with signal processing could be a highly cost-effective method. Because periodic patterns distributed in a PA image are the most frequent interference induced by surface waves, spatial frequency filtering is applicable for removing these waves. Experiments clearly demonstrate that the spatial frequency filter improves PA images.

Image Enhancement for Sub-Harmonic Phased Array by Removing Surface Wave Interference with Spatial Frequency Filter

박춘수,김준우,조승현,서대철 한국비파괴검사학회 2014 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Closed cracks are difficult to detect using conventional ultrasonic testing because most incident ultrasound passes completely through these cracks. Nonlinear ultrasound inspection using sub-harmonic frequencies a promising method for detecting closed cracks. To implement this method, a sub-harmonic phased array (PA) is proposed to visualize the length of closed cracks in solids. A sub-harmonic PA generally consists of a single transmitter and an array receiver, which detects sub-harmonic waves generated from closed cracks. The PA images are obtained using the total focusing method (TFM), which (with a transmitter and receiving array) employs a full matrix in the observation region to achieve fine image resolution. In particular, the receiving signals are measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to collect PA images for both fundamental and sub-harmonic frequencies. Oblique incidence, which is used to boost sub-harmonic generation, inevitably produces various surface waves that contaminate the signals measured in the receiving transducer. Surface wave interference often degrades PA images severely, and it becomes difficult to read the closed crack’s position from the images. Various methods to prevent or eliminate this interference are possible. In particular, enhancing images with signal processing could be a highly cost-effective method. Because periodic patterns distributed in a PA image are the most frequent interference induced by surface waves, spatial frequency filtering is applicable for removing these waves. Experiments clearly demonstrate that the spatial frequency filter improves PA images.

Image Enhancement for Sub-Harmonic Phased Array by Removing Surface Wave Interference with Spatial Frequency Filter

Choon-Su Park,Jun-Woo Kim,Seung Hyun Cho,Dae-Cheol Seo 한국비파괴검사학회 2014 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Closed cracks are difficult to detect using conventional ultrasonic testing because most incident ultrasound passes completely through these cracks. Nonlinear ultrasound inspection using sub-harmonic frequencies a promising method for detecting closed cracks. To implement this method, a sub-harmonic phased array (PA) is proposed to visualize the length of closed cracks in solids. A sub-harmonic PA generally consists of a single transmitter and an array receiver, which detects sub-harmonic waves generated from closed cracks. The PA images are obtained using the total focusing method (TFM), which (with a transmitter and receiving array) employs a full matrix in the observation region to achieve fine image resolution. In particular, the receiving signals are measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to collect PA images for both fundamental and sub-harmonic frequencies. Oblique incidence, which is used to boost sub-harmonic generation, inevitably produces various surface waves that contaminate the signals measured in the receiving transducer. Surface wave interference often degrades PA images severely, and it becomes difficult to read the closed crack’s position from the images. Various methods to prevent or eliminate this interference are possible. In particular, enhancing images with signal processing could be a highly cost-effective method. Because periodic patterns distributed in a PA image are the most frequent interference induced by surface waves, spatial frequency filtering is applicable for removing these waves. Experiments clearly demonstrate that the spatial frequency filter improves PA images.

An Iterative Technique for Real-Time Tracking of Power System Harmonics

Sidhu, T.S.,Zadeh, M.R.D.,Pooranalingam, P.J.,Oh, Yong-Taek The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.3

An iterative technique based on orthogonal filters and frequency tracking is proposed to estimate harmonic components in power systems. The technique uses frequency interpolation to estimate fundamental frequency and harmonics when the nominal frequency of the signal is a non-integer value. Due to the number of computations involved during the generation of filter coefficients, an offline computation is suggested. Beneficial features of the proposed technique include fixed sampling rate and fixed data window size. The performance of the proposed technique is examined by simulating different power system operating conditions and evaluating the data from these simulations. A technique based on Fast Fourier Transform is also used to estimate the harmonic components for all the simulated signals. These estimates are compared with those obtained from the proposed technique. Results show that the proposed technique can converge to the accurate fundamental frequency and therefore, provide accurate harmonic components even when the fundamental frequency is not equal to the nominal frequency.

An Iterative Technique for Real-Time Tracking of Power System Harmonics

T. S. Sidhu,M. R. D. Zadeh,P. J. Pooranalingam,Yong-Taek OH 대한전기학회 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.3

An iterative technique based on orthogonal filters and frequency tracking is proposed to estimate harmonic components in power systems. The technique uses frequency interpolation to estimate fundamental frequency and harmonics when the nominal frequency of the signal is a non-integer value. Due to the number of computations involved during the generation of filter coefficients, an offline computation is suggested. Beneficial features of the proposed technique include fixed sampling rate and fixed data window size. The performance of the proposed technique is examined by simulating different power system operating conditions and evaluating the data from these simulations. A technique based on Fast Fourier Transform is also used to estimate the harmonic components for all the simulated signals. These estimates are compared with those obtained from the proposed technique. Results show that the proposed technique can converge to the accurate fundamental frequency and therefore, provide accurate harmonic components even when the fundamental frequency is not equal to the nominal frequency.

A Single-Stage 12-Times Frequency Multiplier for a 5G Frequency Synthesizer

임성우,남규현,박준석 한국전자파학회 2022 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.22 No.3

This paper presents a single-stage 12-times frequency multiplier composed of an invented harmonic generator (HG) and a modified cascode buffer. The reliable output frequency band is guaranteed from 16 GHz to 28 GHz (54.5% frequency range). The whole band is divided to 256 subsidiary frequency bands by applying 8-bit digitally controlled capacitor banks of LC (inductor and capacitor)-tuned output. The invented HG architecture is based on a double-balanced mixer, but the bottom and top differential pairs are appropriately biased to generate the required turn-on time, , for obtaining the more dominant desired 12th harmonic. In addition, to reduce power consumption and conversion gain variation for the target frequency band, a negative-gm differential pair is added to the HG core in parallel to enhance the equivalent parasitic resistance, which is directly proportional to the HG gain. Newly created automatic constant amplitude control is able to keep the HG amplitude output constant as well as keep it from oscillating. Further desired harmonic amplification and unwanted suppression can be achieved by the proposed cascode buffer. The proposed 12-times multiplier is fabricated on a 65-nm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) process and successfully tested. Chip die size is 0.4 mm2, and power consumption is only 4 mW.