HAPS 지상국에서 P-MP FWA 시스템으로의 간섭 영향 분석

함형일,강영흥,Ham Hyung-Il,Kang Young-Heung 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

In this paper, we have analyzed the effects of interference from HAPS ground stations to P-MP FWA base station and to P-MP FWA terminal station using more detail parameters such as a new interference model, a realistic HAPS scenario, practical antenna patterns for both the HAPS system and FWA systems. The analysis results show that, in the case of interference from HAPS GSs into a P-MP BS, compatibility of the two systems can be obtained by using a sectored BS antenna with the boresight directed away from the nadir. However, in the case of interference from HAPS GSs into a P-MP TS, the two systems cannot operate effectively in the same band unless the separation distance is guranteed and/or some form of interference mitigation technique is employed such as dynamic channel allocation.

HAPS와 NGSO 시스템의 Service Link상의 간섭영향

양의장 ( Eui Jang Yang ),김규환 ( Kyu Hwan Kim ),함형일 ( Hyung Il Ham ),강영흥 ( Yung Heung Kang ) 한국항행학회 2003 한국항행학회논문지 Vol.7 No.1

In this paper, we analyze the interference effects between NGSO(Non-Geostationary Orbit) and HAPS(High Altitude Platform System) by dividing into two cases. The one is interference effects of HAPS into NGSO, the another is the interference effectes of NGSO into HAPS. At the result, we can know the interference effect into NGSO mobile station is the highest when position of NGSO is 95%. In this case, we can also know the interference effects from both HAPS and NGSO exceed interference criteria when the number of users are more than 20. And, in the case of the interference effect into HAPS mobile station, we can know it is the highest when elevation angle of NGSO is 87°, and the interference effects from both NGSO and HAPS exceed interference criteria when the number of users is more then 10. Moreover, the interference effect is the minimum, when elevation angle of NGSO is 64°, at this time, in case that the number of users of NGSO equal to the number of user of HAPS, the interference effects exceed interference criteria when the number of users is 190.

한국 내부회계관리제도 역사에 관한 연구

김성은 한국기업법학회 2018 企業法硏究 Vol.32 No.4

2013년부터 2016년동안 대우조선해양 등 우리나라의 유명한 기업들의 분식회계 및 부실감사 회계부정사건으로 2017년 “주식회사 등의 외부감사에 관한 법률”이 전면개정되었다. 이 법은 2018년 11월 1일자로 시행되었다. 분식회계로 인한 재무정보의 왜곡은 전 세계적인 금융위기를 가져왔다. 특별히 우리나라는 2008년 금융위기 이후 내부회계관리제도를 엄격히 시행하려 금융법과 상법 개정을 하고 준법지원인 제도를 도입하였다. 그러나 우리나라는 오래전부터 내부회계관리제도를 실시하고 있었다. 실존하는 서류를 근거로 벌써 신라시대부터 내부회계관리제도를 시행하고 있었다. 고려와 조선을 이어오면서 정착되고 발전되었지만 일제강점기를 통하여 고유의 내부회계관리제도가 사라져 버렸다. 이 논문은 우리나라 회계관리제도의 역사를 연구하는데 목적이 있다. 전통 내부회계관리제도의 정신은 앞으로 계승 발전되어야 한다. 7-8세기 신라촌락문서(新羅村落文書)를 볼 때 국가자산에 대한 회계관리를 하고 있었으며, 서양보다 빠른 복식부기인 고려의 사개송도치부법(四介松都治簿法)은 고려시대에 만들어져 고려와 조선의 상인은 물론 개항기에 설립된 신식은행인 대한천일은행(大韓天一銀行)의 내부회계관리제도의 방법이었다. 사개송도치부법(四介松都治簿法)으로 작성된 총계정원장인 일기장과 분개장에는 재무상태표와 손익계산서가 제공하는 모든 정보를 가지고 있다. 조선 태종때에 실시된 전곡을 출납하는 과정에서 좌·우 대조가 정확하게 맞는지 점검하는 감합법(勘合法)을 통한 성실성과 신뢰성을 갖춘 회계관리가 행하여졌다. 국가 재정의 세출예산표인 횡간(橫看)과 공안(貢案)을 통하여 공물의 내부통제를 하였다. 해유(解由)제도는 왕과 관리 사이에 대리관계를 통한 회계책임을 가지며 임기가 끝날 때 회계감사를 통한 정리를 하였다. 중기(重記)제도는 관청에 항상 비치되어 여러 물건의 종류대로 수납, 지급등의 변동상황과 현존상태를 관리하였다. 중기(重記)제도를 통해 사헌부 감찰의 감사와 호조의 확인과 감사를 받아야 녹봉을 받을 수 있다. 용하기(用下記)는 영암마을의 계조직의 재정상태를 기록한 장부로서 회계처리의 규정인 계헌을 만들고 사개송도치부법의 방식으로 기록되어 보존되어 회계관리를 하였다. 조선시대 사립대학격인 서원(書院)에서도 회계문서를 통하여 내부통제가 일어났다. 이러한 역사적인 내부회계관리제도의 연구를 통하여 그 정신과 내용을 계승 발전하여야 한다. 이러한 전통을 계승하여 기업의 내부회계관리제도를 더욱 정교히 하여 건전한 기업정신과 문화를 발전시켜야 한다. This study is about the history of the Internal accounting control system in Korea, a study based on the characteristics of accounting of various dynasties. The emergence of bureau or administrative an accounting called ‘Sam-sa’ Koryo Dynasty and Chosun Dynasty. The introduction of Internal accounting control system had government bureaus or adminstrative offices such as ‘Hae-yu’, ‘Kam-hap’, ‘Joong-ki’. The records of the Koryo and Chosun Dynaties obtained from ‘Hae-yu’ demonstrate the emergence of a clear accounting system at that time. At that time, the importance of accounting and the development of an Internal accounting control system. An Internal accounting control system or compliance system should be established and operated to effectively manage internal risk factors and increase management efficiency. The Internal accounting control system was introduced exclusively to financial institutions through the renewal of the External Audit Law in 2017, and the Internal accounting control system affected the improvement of corporate governance.

17세기 朝鮮 水軍操鍊의 特性

장원주(Jang, Won-ju) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.46

수군의 편성과 戰法은 步軍의 경우와 같이 임란을 기점으로 『紀效新書』의 영향력 아래에 놓이게 되었다.『兵學指南』의 「水操程式」에 수록된 水軍편성과 戰法은 종래 조선수군의 것과는 이질적인 중국식이었다. 그러나 朝鮮水軍은 임란을 거치면서 戰術 면에서 다양한 實戰경험을 쌓으며 검증된 군사집단이었다. 임란기 삼도수군통제사 이순신이 처음으로 실시하였을 것으로 추정되는 合操가 17세기 수조의 정비방향으로 자리 잡은 것은 당시 전쟁의 양상을 반영한 것이었다. 17세기 초부터 시도되기 시작한 春·秋 水操의 정비 과정에서도 合操가 끊임없이 시도 되었던 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 시도가 결실을 맺은 것은 삼도수군이 모두 참가하는 ‘統制營 合操’였다. 수조의 정비과정은 17세기에 끊임없이 시도되었던 양역변통의 노력이 결실을 보인 것이었다. 즉, 효종대에 雇立制가 본격적으로 시행되면서 춘?추 수조를 수행할 군병을 충원할 수 있게 되었고, 양역변통의 논의가 더욱 심화되어 갈 때 통제영 합조가 이루질 수 있었다. 조선 말까지 시행된 수조는 그 형식과 내용의 대부분이 17세기 『兵學指南』의 정리와 함께 정비되는 것으로 알려져 있었으나 그 과정 속에는 이전 시기부터 운용되고 있었던 朝鮮式 水軍戰法의 특수성이 여전히 반영되고 있었던 것으로 나타난다. 자료들을 종합적으로 검토하면 임란기 이순신의 진법들이 17세기에 여전히 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 당시 수조는 조선식과 明식이 혼합되고 있었던 것이다. 그리고 18세기 『兵學通』시기에 이르러 조선식 진형도 중국식 진형으로 대부분 바뀌어갔다. 17세기 후반기는 삼도수군 이상 규모의 선단이 모여 실시하였던 ‘統制營 合操’가 가장 활발히 시도되었던 시기였다. 해방체제 개편과 수조정비가 17세기에 가장 활발히 이루어진 점을 통해 볼 때 조선의 海防戰略이 다른 시기보다 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었던 시기였다. The Soo-jo (Naval Force Training) was reflect the tactics system all-inclusives organization for fleet and combat engagement of the Joseon Dynasty Naval Forces. Thus learn from study of Soo-jo, understand for coastal defense policy and system as well as then including the social background of it. Reform the costal defense system after the Imjin war was appeared with relocation of the Naval Forces strengths and reinforce of Tongjeoyeong and establish Tongeoyeong. These facts was reflect the patterns of warfare at that time. Also Soo-jo mirrored then sea battle to be tendency of the large scale. The Soo-jo was being decided to combined training on a regular basis. Tonjeoyeong Hap-jo (combined training of Tongjeoyeong) was participated all the Naval Force of the Samdo. This combined training tried during the 1650s and 1660s, at last became operated late 1660s for the first time. This process was came to fruition of the discussion for revise military service during the 17 century. The Choon-Choo Soo-jo was made possible that Golipjjeo system being in earnest, as a result, became possible to supplement the personnel capable carried Soo-jo out at period king Hyojong. And Tonjeoyeong Hap-jo has deepened the fruition of the discussion for revise military service be per-formed. The Tonjeoyeong Hap-jo not carried out during the end of a 17C to 18C, therefore Tonjeoyeong Hap-jo attempted the most active period can be defined as the late 17C. Begin drastic disseminated organization for fleet of Gihyoshinseo to the Army at the beginning of a 17C, along with needs of united signal systems of the Army and Naval forces to increased. And appoint system of a military officer was covers a wide range of the Army and the Naval Force at that time. Therefore, the tactics of naval signal systems has changed like contents in the Soo-jo jungsick of Byeonghagjinam compiled at the 17C. However, according to document Junjindochup of the 18C, still used battle formation of Oweejinbub forms of before the 16C. The Joseon Dynasty Naval Forces of the 17C has Jeunseun (the Battle Ship), Gwiseun (the Turtle Ship) and Large gunpowder weapons system demonstrated excellence when the Imjin war what kind of developed in the meddle of the 16C. Therefore, that the organization for fleet and the signal system of Naval Forces was applied contents in the Byeonghagjinam, but the battle formation and Weapons was could not changed. Alteration of Weapons of the Naval Forces was both succeed to large gunpowder Weapons system and phased in small gunpowder Weapons system in the Gihyoshinseo. Through understanding combat engagement and battle formation of the Naval Forces blended the form of the Joseon and Myeong Dynasty in operated Soo-jo when the 17C.

인접 대역에서 HAPS IMT-2000 시스템이 지상 IMT-2000 시스템에 미치는 간섭 영향 분석

강영흥 ( Young Heung Kang ),최문환 ( Mun Hwan Choi ) 한국항행학회 2006 한국항행학회논문지 Vol.10 No.4

HAPS 비행선에서 P-MP FWA 시스템으로의 간섭 분석

최문환 ( Mun Hwan Choi ),함형일 ( Hyoung Il Ham ),강영흥 ( Young Heung Kang ) 한국항행학회 2005 한국항행학회논문지 Vol.9 No.2

Use of unmanned aerial systems for communication and air mobility in Arctic region

Gennady V., Chechin,Valentin E., Kolesnichenko,Anton I., Selin Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.6

The current state of telecommunications infrastructure in the Arctic does not allow providing a wide range of required services for people, businesses and other categories, which necessitates the use of non-traditional approaches to its organization. The paper proposes an innovative approach to building a combined communication network based on tethered high-altitude platform station (HAPS) located at an altitude of 1-7 km and connected via radio channels with terrestrial and satellite communication networks. Network configuration and composition of telecommunication equipment placed on HAPS and located on the terrestrial and satellite segment of the network was justified. The availability of modern equipment and the distributed structure of such an integrated network will allow, unlike existing networks (Iridium, Gonets, etc.), to organize personal mobile communications, data transmission and broadband Internet up to 100 Mbps access for mobile and fixed subscribers, rapid transmission of information from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A substantiation of the possibility of achieving high network capacity in various paths is presented: inter-platform radio links, subscriber radio links, HAPS feeder lines - terrestrial network gateway, HAPS radio links - satellite retransmitter (SR), etc. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is assessed.

Use of unmanned aerial systems for communication and air mobility in Arctic region

Gennady V., Chechin,Valentin E., Kolesnichenko,Anton I., Selin Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.6

The current state of telecommunications infrastructure in the Arctic does not allow providing a wide range of required services for people, businesses and other categories, which necessitates the use of non-traditional approaches to its organization. The paper proposes an innovative approach to building a combined communication network based on tethered high-altitude platform station (HAPS) located at an altitude of 1-7 km and connected via radio channels with terrestrial and satellite communication networks. Network configuration and composition of telecommunication equipment placed on HAPS and located on the terrestrial and satellite segment of the network was justified. The availability of modern equipment and the distributed structure of such an integrated network will allow, unlike existing networks (Iridium, Gonets, etc.), to organize personal mobile communications, data transmission and broadband Internet up to 100 Mbps access for mobile and fixed subscribers, rapid transmission of information from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A substantiation of the possibility of achieving high network capacity in various paths is presented: inter-platform radio links, subscriber radio links, HAPS feeder lines - terrestrial network gateway, HAPS radio links - satellite retransmitter (SR), etc. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is assessed.

Application Research and Evaluation Methods of Instant Messaging Software

Sun Beibei 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.7