사람심방 K+ 통로 활성에 대한 H2O2의 효과

이완구 ( Wan Goo Lee ),김태균 ( Tae Kyun Kim ),채수완 ( Soo Wan Chae ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2001 全北醫大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

Hydrogen peroxide의 농도에 따른 심장기능 조절작용을 규명하고자, 심방에서 중요한 기능을 한다고 알려진 hKv1.5유전자를 HEK-293 cell 및 Ltk-cell에 발현시켜 유도된 K+전류 및 사람 심방세포의 K+전류에 미치는 hydrogen peroxide의 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Hydrogen peroxide는 HEK-293 cell 및 Ltk-cell에서 Kv1.5 전류의 activation curve의 전압의존성을 과분극쪽으로 약 20mV정도 이동시켜 전류를 증가시켰다. 또한, HEK-293 cell에서 Kv1.5/Kvb1.3전류의 activation curve의 전압의존성을 이동시켰을뿐만 아니라 fast inactivation을 하였다. 2. Ltk-cell에서 0.01-0.3 mM 이상에서는 현저히 감소시켰다. 3. 사람 심방세포에서 1 mM의 hydrogen peroxide는 steady state outward 전류를 5배이상 증가시켰다. 이상의 실험성적은 hydrogen peroxide가 농도에 따라 hKv1.5전류를 조절할수 있음을 밝혔는데, 특히 비교적 낮은 농도의 hydrogen peroxide는 이 전류를 증가시킴을 사람심방세포에서 확인하였다. During myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, reactive oxygen species are an important mediator of cellular damage and rhythm disturbances. H2O2, a small, uncharged and relatively stable molecule that diffuses easily through tissue, has several adverse effects on the myocardium including induction of cardiac arrhythmias. Although several previous investigations have described electrophysiological effects of H2O2 in mammalian myocardium, the underlying ionic mechanisms of H2O2 effects remain unclear. In addition, voltage-gated K` channels represent the most complex group of ion channel genes expressed in cardiovascular system. The human Kv1.5 channel (hKv1.5) represents the IKur repolarizing current in atrial myocytes. The hKv1.5 channel is functionally modulated by the Kvb1.3 subunit, which converts it from a delayed rectifier to a channel with rapid inactivation and enhanced voltage sensitivity. In present study, we examined the effects of H2O2 following coexpression of hKv1.5 with the Kvb1.3 subunit in Ltk-cells and HEK-293 cells. H2O2 (1 mM) reversibly increased the K` currents in the cells transected with hKv1.5 and/or Kvb1.3 or Kvb2.1 subunits. Additionally, H2O2 Slowed deactivation and fast inactivation in the cells cotransfected with hKv1.5 and/or Kvb1.3 or Kvb2.1, and made the hyperpolizing shift of activation curve by about 20 mV. However higher concentration of H2O2 (higher than 1mM) decreased the hKv1.5/Kvb2.1 current. Catalase (1000ц/ml) itself accelerated the inactivation process of hKv1.5 current and decreased the steady-state current. In isolated human atrial myocytes. H2O2 (1mM) reversibly increased the outward K` currents by about five times. These results reported that H2O2 has a dual effect on hKv1.5 current, thereby being able to explain the potential roles of H2O2 during myocardial reperfusion injury.

H2O2가 hKv1.5 전류에 미치는 영향

홍병철 ( Bing Zhe Hong ),유춘원 ( Chun Won Yoo ),김한규 ( Han Kyu Kim ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2004 全北醫大論文集 Vol.28 No.1

Hydrogen peroxide의 농도에 따른 심장기능 조절작용을 규명하고자, 심방에서 중요한 기능을 한다고 알려진 hKv1.5유전자를 HEK-293 cell 및 Ltk- cell에 발현시켜 유도된 K* 전류 및 사람 심방 세포의 K*전류에 미치는hydrogen peroxide의 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Hydrogen peroxide는 HEK-293 cell 및 Ltk- cell에서 Kv1.5 전류의 activation curve의 전압의존성을 과분극 쪽으로 약20 mV정도 이동시켜 전류를 증가시켰다. 또한, HEK-293 cell에서 Kv1.5/Kvβ1.3전류의 activation curve의 전압의존성올 이동시켰을 뿐 만 아니라 fast inactivation을 하였다. 2. Ltk- cell에서 0.01-0.3 mM의 hydrogen peroxide는 Kv1.5를 증가시켰고 1 mM이 상에서는 현저히 감소시켰다. 3. 사람 심방세포서 1 mM의 hydrogen peroxide는 steady state outward 전류를 5배 이상 증가시켰다. 이상의 실험성적은 hydrogen peroxide가 농도에 따라 hKv1.5전류를 조절할 수 있음을 밝혔는데, 특히 비교적 낮은 농도의 hydrogen peroxide는 이 전류를 증가시킴을 사람심방세 포에서 확인하였다. During myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, reactive oxygen species are an important mediator of cellular damage and rhythm disturbances. H2O2, a small, uncharged and relatively stable molecule that diffuses easily through tissue, has several adverse effects on the myocardium including induction of cardiac arrhythmias. Although several previous investigations have described electro-physiological effects of H2O2 in mammalian myocardium, the underlying ionic mechanisms of H2O2 effects remain unclear. In addition, voltage gated K* channels represent the most complex group of ion channel genes expressed in cardiovascular system. The human Kv1.5 channel (hKv1.5) represents the IKur repolarizing current in atrial myocytes. The hKv1.5 channel is functionally modulated by the Kvβ1.3 subunit, which converts it from a delayed rectifier to a channel with rapid inactivation and enhanced voltage sensitivity. In present study, we examined the effects of H2O2 following coexpression of hKv1.5 with the Kvβ1.3 subunit in LtK-cells and HEK-293 cells. H2O2 (1 mM) reversibly increased the K* currents in the cells transected with hKv1.5 and/or Kvβ1.3 or Kvβ2.1 subunits. Additionally, H2O2 slowed deactivation and fast inactivation in the cells cotransfected with hKv1.5 and/or Kvβ1.3 or Kvβ2.1, and made the hyperpolizing shift of activation curve by about 20 mV. However, higher concentration of H2O2 (higher than 1 mM) decreased the hKv1.5/Kvβ2.1 current. Catalase (1000 u/ml) itself accelerated the inactivation process of hKv1.5 current and decreased the steady state current. In isolated human atrial myocytes, H2O2 (1 mM) reversibly increased the outward K* currents by about five times. These results reported that H2O2 has a dual effect on hKv1.5 current, thereby being able to explain the potential roles of H2O2 during myocardial reperfusion injury.

Estimating the mean number of objects in M/H2/1 model for web service

Yongjin Lee 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.11 No.3

In this paper, we estimate the mean number of objects in the M/H2/1 model for web service when the mean object size in the M/H2/1 model is equal to that of the M/G/1/PS and M/BP/1 models. To this end, we use the mean object size obtained by assuming that the mean latency of deterministic model is equal to that of M/H2/1, M/G/1/PS, and M/BP/1 models, respectively. Computational experiments show that if the shape parameter of the M/BP/1 model is 1.1 and the system load is greater than 0.35, the mean number of objects in the M/H2/1 model when mean object size of M/H2/1 model is the same as that of M/G/1/PS model is almost equal to the mean number of objects in the M/H2/1 model when the mean object size of M/H2/1 model is the same as that of M/BP/1 model. In addition, as the upper limit of the M/BP/1 model increases, the number of objects in the M/H2/1 model converges to one, which increases latency. These results mean that it is efficient to use small-sized objects in the web service environment.

H2AX의 BRCA1 NLS domain과 BARD1 BRCT domain 각각과의 in vitro 상호 결합

배승희(Seunghee Bae),이선미(Sun-Mi Lee),김수미(Sumi Kim),최태부(Tae-Boo Choe),김차순(Cha Soon Kim),성기문(Ki-Moon Seong),진영우(Young-Woo Jin),안성관(Sungkwan An) 한국생물공학회 2009 KSBB Journal Vol.24 No.4

본 연구에서는 H2AX의 생리학적인 기능 및 분자세포 생물학적 기전 해석에 대한 보다 명확한 정보를 제시하고자, H2AX 관련 단백질들을 literature review 및 생물정보학적인 기술을 이용하여 최적의 결합 단백질체를 40개를 예측하고, 이들 가운데 상호작용 가능성이 높은 BRCA1 와 BARD1 단백질을 선별하여 in vitro 결합실험을 통해 이를 증명하였다. 이들 두 가지의 유전자를 발굴하여, 클로닝하였다. 클로닝된 유전자를 이용하여 두 가지 단백질을 발현 및 정제하였으며, 단백질들의 자체적인 구조에 의한 결합능력을 판단하기 위해 in vitro binding assay법을 실시하였다. 단백질의 구조적 안정과 비특이적 결합을 억제하는 detergent만이 포함된 상태에서, 구조학적 및 물리학적 상호 결합의 유무를 판정할 수 있게 하였으며, BRCA1과 BARD1은 모두 H2AX에 결합함을 확인하였다. 이런 실험 결과를 바탕으로 각각의 단백질에 대해 H2AX와의 최적 결합 부위를 알아내기 위해 각 유전자의 domain을 생물정 보학적으로 분석하였다. 이에 RING domain, NES, NLS 및 BRCT domain에 해당하는 유전자 부분을 새로 클로닝하여, 다시 in vitro 결합실험 및 실험결과에 대한 literature review를 통한 분석을 실시한 결과, H2AX는 BRCA1의 NLS, BARD1의 BRCT domain 부분과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. H2AX에 대한 BRCA1과 BARD1과의 결합은 DNA repair에 있어 BRCA1의 NLS와 BARD1의 BRCT domain을 통해 H2AX foci의 관련 세포 신호전달 기전에 중요한 역할을 하여 전체적으로 genomic stability에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 농후할 것으로 사료된다. H2AX, a crucial component of chromatin, is implicated in DNA repair, cell cycle check point and tumor suppression. The aim of this study was to identify direct binding partners of H2AX to regulate cellular responses to above mechanisms. Literature reviews and bioinformatical tools were attempted intensively to find binding partners of H2AX, which resulted in identifying two potential proteins, breast cancer-1 (BRCA1) and BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 (BARD1). Although it has been reported in vivo that BRCA1 co-localizes with H2AX at the site of DNA damage, their biochemical mechanism for H2AX were however only known that the complex monoubiquitinates histone monomers, including unphosphorylated H2AX in vitro. Therefore, it is important to know whether the complex directly interacts with H2AX, and also which regions of these are specifically mediated for the interaction. Using in vitro GST pull-down assay, we present here that BRCA1 and BARD1 directly bind to H2AX. Moreover, through combinational approaches of domain analysis, fragment clonings and in vitro binding assay, we revealed molecular details of the BRCA1-H2AX and BARD1-H2AX complex. These data provide the potential evidence that each of the BRCA1 nuclear localization signal (NLS) and BARD1 BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) repeat domain is the novel mediator of H2AX recognition.

서울말 /ᅩ/와 /ᅮ/의 지각특성

변희경(Hi-Gyung Byun) 한국음성학회 2020 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.12 No.3

서울말의 ᅩ/ᅮ가 모음 공간에서 융합하는 변화가 진행되고 있는 것이 많은 연구들에 의해 지적되어 왔다. 한편 ᅩ/ᅮ의 중복이 현저한 여성의 발화에서는 포먼트 대신 모음의 음질 (H1-H2)이 ᅩ/ᅮ를 구별하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 본 고의 목적은 생성에 보이는 ᅩ/ᅮ 간의 H1-H2 차이가 지각에서도 유효한지를 확인하는 것이다. 지각에서도 H1-H2가 유효하게 기능하고 있다면 포먼트만으로는 설명이 어려운 여성의 ᅩ/ᅮ를 생성과 지각 모두에서 H1-H2로 정연하게 설명할 수 있을 것이다. 서울, 경기 출신의 대학생 35명을 대상으로 서울말 모어 화자가 단독발화한 "오"와 "우"를 사용하여 지각실험을 실시하였다. 자극음은 모두 여성의 발화로 모음 공간에서 상당한 중복을 보이는 182예이다. 생성과 지각의 관계를 보기 위해 자극음의 음향분석도 실시하였다. 정답률(바르게 지각한 동정률)은 평균 89%로 /ᅩ/가 86% (n=88), /ᅮ/가 91% (n=94)였다. 자극음의 음향분석에서 포먼트로 구별이 어려운 ᅩ/ᅮ의 경우 H1-H2가 유의하게 작용하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 그러나 ᅩ/ᅮ의 지각에 H1-H2의 영향력은 매우 미미하며 ᅩ/ᅮ의 구별에는 남녀 모두 포먼트가 결정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 생성에서 H1-H2로 ᅩ/ᅮ를 구별하는 것은 여성의 발화로, 남성의 발화에서는 H1-H2가 아닌 포먼트로 구별된다. 남성의 발화에서도 H1-H2 차이가 ᅩ/ᅮ의 구별에 쓰인다면 지각에 있어서도 H1-H2가 주된 지각특성이 될 수도 있겠지만 적어도 현 단계에서 ᅩ/ᅮ의 지각에 H1-H2의 사용은 남녀 모두 아직 도입되지 않은 것으로 보인다. Previous studies have confirmed that /o/ and /u/ in Seoul Korean are undergoing a merger in the F1/F2 space, especially for female speakers. As a substitute parameter for formants, it is reported that female speakers use phonation (H1-H2) differences to distinguish /o/ from /u/. This study aimed to explore whether H1-H2 values are being used as perceptual cues for /o/-/u/. A perception test was conducted with 35 college students using /o/ and /u/ spoken by 41 females, which overlap considerably in the vowel space. An acoustic analysis of 182 stimuli was also conducted to see if there is any correspondence between production and perception. The identification rate was 89% on average, 86% for /o/, and 91% for /u/. The results confirmed that when /o/ and /u/ cannot be distinguished in the F1/F2 space because they are too close, H1-H2 differences contribute significantly to the separation of the two vowels. However, in perception, this was not the case. H1-H2 values were not significantly involved in the identification process, and the formants (especially F2) were still dominant cues. The study also showed that even though H1-H2 differences are apparent in females" production, males do not use H1-H2 in their production, and both females and males do not use H1-H2 in their perception. It is presumed that H1-H2 has not yet been developed as a perceptual cue for /o/ and /u/.

Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of Novel Newly Synthesized 1-[2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles

Rajasekaran, Aiyalu,Murugesan, Sankaranarayanan,AnandaRajagopal, Kalasalingam The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.7

Several novel 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles (3a-h) have been synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) and appropriate acid chlorides. 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propanenitrile with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and PMR analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by the cup plate method and anticonvulsant activity evaluated by the maximal electroshock induced convulsion method in mice. All synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Compounds 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(4-aminophenyl)methanone 3d and 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(2-aminophenyl)methanone 3e elicited excellent anticonvulsant activity.

Genetic Analysis of the 2019 Swine H1N2 Influenza Virus Isolated in Korean Pigs and Its Infectivity in Mice

Yunyueng Jang(장윤영),Sang Heui Seo(서상희) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.9

돼지인플루엔자는 동물에서 사람에게 감염할 수 있는 인수공통전염병이다. 우리는 2019년 한국 돼지농장에서 호흡기 증상을 보이는 돼지에서 3주의 H1N2형 인플루엔자바이러스를 분리하였다. 유전자 분석결과, 이들 바이러스의 8개 유전자 중 PA 및 NP 유전자는 2009 대유행 H1N1 인플루엔자 유래였고, 나머지 유전자는 돼지에 유행하는 H3N2 및 H1N2 인플루엔자 유래 유전자를 가진 재조합 바이러스 이었다. 분리된 H1N2 바이러스를 마우스에 접종한 결과, 마우스는 17% 정도 체중이 감소하였고, 염증 세포들이 침윤한 간질성 폐렴 증상을 보였다. Influenza A viruses are circulating in a variety of hosts, including humans, pigs, and poultry. Swine influenza virus is a zoonotic pathogen that can be readily transmitted to humans. The influenza viruses of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic were derived from swine influenza viruses, and it has been suggested that the 1957 H2N2 pandemic and the 1968 H3N2 pandemic both originated in pigs. Pigs are regarded as a mixing vessel in the creation of novel influenza viruses since they are readily infected with human and avian influenza viruses. We isolated three novel H1N2 influenza viruses from pigs showing respiratory symptoms on a Korean farm in 2019. These viruses were reassortants, containing PA and NP genes from those of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in addition to PB2, PB1, HA, NA, M, and NS genes from those of triple-reassortant swine H3N2 and classical swine H1N2 influenza viruses circulating in Korean pigs. Mice infected with the isolated H1N2 influenza virus lost up to 17% body weight and exhibited interstitial pneumonia involving infiltration of many inflammatory cells. Results suggest that close surveillance to detect emerging influenza viruses in pigs is necessary for the health of both pigs and humans.

Tonal development and voice quality in the stops of Seoul Korean

Yu, Hye Jeong 한국음성학회 2018 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.10 No.4

Korean stops are currently undergoing a tonogenetic sound change, as found in the Seoul dialect in which a merged VOT of aspirated and lax stops induces F0 to be the primary cue for distinguishing the two stops and the lax stops have lower F0 than the aspirated stops. In tonal languages, low tone is produced with a breathy voice. This study investigated whether there are changes in voice quality with respect to the tonogenetic sound change of Korean stops. Two age groups speaking the Seoul dialect participated in this study: five females and six males born in the 1940s and 1950s and nine females and eight males born in the 1980s and 1990s. This study replicated previous findings of VOT and F0 and further examined H1-H2, H1-A1, and H1-A2 to see how they correlate with the sound change. In the older and younger generations, H1-H2, H1-A1, and H1-A2 were significantly lower after the tense stops than after the aspirated and lax stops, but they were not significantly different after the aspirated and lax stops. However, the younger females exhibited some different results for H1-H2 and H1-A2 than the older generation. In the younger females, the H1-H2 mean was higher after the aspirated stops than it was after the lax stops at the vowel onset, and the H1-H2 difference increased at the vowel midpoint. Although there was an inter-speaker variation in the results of H1-H2 and H1-A1, analyses of individual speakers showed that the H1-H2 and H1-A1 were higher after the lax stops than after the aspirated stops in the younger female speakers. These results indicate that lax stops tend to be breathier than aspirated stops in the younger female speakers. They also indicate that changes in voice quality are on Korean stops with tonal sound change, but are still developing.

Potential Antitumor $\alpha$-Methylene-$\gamma$-butyrolactone-Bearing Nucleic Acid Base. 3. Synthesis of $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans

Kim, Jack-C.,Kim, Si-Hwan,Kim, Ji-A,Choi, Soon-Kyu,Park, Won-Woo The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1998 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.21 No.4

Search for a new $\alpha$-methylene-$\gamma$-butyrolactone-bearing 6-substituted purine as a potental antitumor agent has led to synthesize seven, hitherto unreported, $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$- methylenetetrahydrofurans (H, Cl, l, $CH_3$, $NH_2$, SH, >C=O) (6a-g). These include $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-purin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$ -methylenetetrahydrofurans (6a), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydr ofurans (6b), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6c), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-methyl-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6d), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-adenin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6e), $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(6-mercapto-9H-purin-9-yl) methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofurans (6f) and $5^1$-Methyl-$5^1$-[(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)methyll-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrof urans (6g) which were made by the Reformatsky-type reaction of ethyl $\alpha$-(bromomethyl) acrylate with the corresponding (6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone intermediates (5a-g). These ketone intermediates 5a-g, 1-(9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5a), 1-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5b), 1-(6-iodo-9H-purin-9-yi)-2-propanone (5c), 1-(6-methyl-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5d), 1-(9H-adenin-9-yl)-2-propanone (Se), 1-(6-mercapto-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5f), and 1-(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)-2-propanone (5g) were directly obtained by the alkylation of the 6-substituted purine bases with the chloroacetone in the presence of $K_2$$CO_3$ (or NaH) under DMF (or DMSO). The preliminary in vitro cytotoxcity assay for the synthetic .alpha.-methylene-y-butyro-lactone compounds (6a-g) were determined against three cell lines (PM-3A, P-388, and K-562) and showed the moderate antitumor activity ($IC_50$ ranged from 1.4 to 4.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) with the compound $5^1$-methyl-$5^1$ -[(9H-hypoxanthin-9-yl)methyl]-$2^1$-oxo-$3^1$-methylenetetrahydrofuran (6g) showing the least antitumor activity.

Dephosphorylation of p53 Ser 392 Enhances Trimethylation of Histone H3 Lys 9 via SUV39h1 Stabilization in CK2 Downregulation-Mediated Senescence

Park, Jeong-Woo,Bae, Young-Seuk Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.11

Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells have a unique gene expression profile that is frequently accompanied by senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs). Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) downregulation can induce trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me3) and SAHFs formation by activating SUV39h1. Here, we present evidence that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-reactive oxygen species-p53 pathway is necessary for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation. CK2 downregulation promotes SUV39h1 stability by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation in a p53-dependent manner. Moreover, the dephosphorylation status of Ser 392 on p53, a possible CK2 target site, enhances the nuclear import and subsequent stabilization of SUV39h1 by inhibiting the interactions between p53, MDM2, and SUV39h1. Furthermore, $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ is required for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3, and dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53 is important for efficient transcription of $p21^{Cip1/WAF}$. Taken together, these results suggest that CK2 downregulation induces dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53, which subsequently increases the stability of SUV39h1 and the expression of $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$, leading to H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation.