Determinants of Green Technology Diffusion and Green Trade

Qingyun Chen,조혁수 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.6

Purpose – This study aims to explore the factors that contribute to the international diffusion of green technology and further analyze the relationship between green technology diffusion and green trade. Previous studies and theoretical foundations suggest that economic, technological, and institutional environments are important factors influencing the diffusion of green technology among countries. For this study, trade openness, intellectual property protection, the level of development of information and communication technology (ICT), research and development (R&D) investment, environmental regulations, and environmental norms were used as the key factors in the diffusion of green technology. In addition, a comparative analysis of OECD and non-OECD countries is conducted. Design/methodology – Panel data were collected from 58 countries for the period 2007–2019. The empirical analysis consists of two parts, first exploring the drivers of green technology diffusion using the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method, and then analyzing the linkage between green technology diffusion and green trade using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) model. The demand for green technology is expected to vary among countries because of their different economic development levels and goals. A comparative analysis was conducted based on the classification of countries by the level of economic development. Findings – We found that the level of intellectual property protection, R&D investment and environmental norms contribute positively to the diffusion of green technology. However, there is a negative correlation between trade openness, environmental regulations and green technology diffusion. Green technology diffusion positively affects green trade. Moreover, the positive impact of green technology diffusion on green trade is more pronounced in non-OECD countries than in OECD countries. Originality/value – Previous studies have focused on technology transfer and green technology innovation at the firm level; however, research on green technology diffusion is insufficient. This study investigated the determinants of green technology diffusion at the national level. The study also explored the relationship between green technology diffusion and green trade. It helps to fill the gap in the literature on green technology diffusion and provides a reference for future studies. Additionally, our findings offer valuable guidance for government and corporate decision-makers in formulating strategies for the transfer of green technologies and sustainable development initiatives.

녹색건설기술 수준측정방안 개발

김균태 ( Kyoon Tai Kim ),이두헌 ( Du Heon Lee ) 한국건축시공학회 2010 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

In recent years, low-carbon green growth has become a national priority. For this reason, it is urgent to develop green growth technologies that can be applied in the construction technology field. However, there are few indexes or standards that can be used to measure the level of green technologies in the construction field. In this research, an index for levels of green growth technology is derived, by using a macroscopic perspective. To do this, the trends of domestic and overseas green growth drives were analyzed, and then the development factors of green technologies were derived. This research also presents an approach to measuring the perception of green technology by developing a methodology to measure the level of a green construction technology, and an index for green growth technologies. This research is limited by the fact that it was conducted only for the macroscopic aspect, despite the fact that there are diverse aspects of green technology measurement. When the macroscopic aspect is reviewed, and a methodology to measure the level of a green construction technology is completed through follow-up research, the results of this research will serve as fundamental data to help researchers understand the current status of the research and development of green construction technology.

녹색성장전략 달성을 위한 산업별 R&D 투자의 경제적 성과분석

김성태(Sung Tai Kim),조경엽(Kyeong Lyeob Cho),이상돈(Sang Don Lee),임병인(Byung In Lim) 한국경제연구학회 2011 한국경제연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 논문은 21세기 한국경제의 파제로 대두된 온실가스 감축을 통한 환경보호와 경제성장을 동시에 달성하려고 추진하는 녹색성장 전략의 실현가능성을 검증하기 위하여 2007년 한국경제를 동태 연산가능 일반균형으로 재현하여 구축한 뒤, 산업별 R&D 투자의 경제적 성파를 분석하였다. 녹색성장 가능성을 평가하기 위한 시나리오는 온실가스 감축을 위한 신기술 도입 유무, 정부지원 유무, 생산 단가 변화 등에 따라 5가지로 구성되며 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 정부가 온실가스 감축을 위한 신기술 도입과 정부의 R&D 투자지원 없이 국가 온실가스 감축목표를 이행할 경우, GDP 손실은 시간이 지날수록 확대되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 온실가스 감축을 위한 신기술은 도입되나 정부의 R&D 투자 지원이 없는 경우, 초기에는 GDP가 감소되나 2033년부터는 GDP가 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 셋째, 신기술 도입에 대한 정부의 R&D 투자지원은 2029년 이후 GDP를 증가시키고 온실가스를 감축시켜 저탄소 녹색성장을 달성시키는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 녹색기술의 핵심 중 하내인 신재생에너지의 경우 모멘텀 기술로 전환되어 신성장 동력을 창출할 가능성이 낮은 반면, 그린자동차는 IT 기술이 보였던 패턴과 유사하여 R&D 투자자본이 빠르게 형성되고, 이를 통해 기술 혁신이 이루어지고 가격이 하락하여 모멘텀 기술로 기능하여 저탄소 녹색성장을 실현시킬 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과에서, 첫째 녹색성장 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 온실가스 감축을 위한 신기술은 무조건 도입되어야 하고, 둘째 정부는 신재생에너지보다는 그린자동차 관련 R&D 투자를 우선적으로 지원하는 것이 적절하며, 셋째 녹색성장 전략은 정치적 체제에 관계없이 한국 경제의 장기전략으로 일관되게 추진되어야 한다는 정책적 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of achieving the long-run economic growth strategy by the green technology R&D investments. We develop the Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model in order to analyze the economic effects of the green technology R&D investments. Especially, we introduce the new technology for the new renewable energy and the green car in the model focusing on the trade-off between economic costs and cutting down the greenhouse gas. We set up five policy simulation scenarios to assess the possibility of achieving the green growth strategy by pursuing the green technology R&D investments. Five scenarios can be classified according to the criteria such as the introduction of the new green technology, the existence of the government R&D support, and so on. The policy simulation results are as follows. First, without a new green technology and a government R&D investment for the green technology(Scenario 1), the GDP loss will be larger as time goes by in the future. Second, with new green technology, the GDP will start to increase since 2033. Third, the government R&D investments for supporting the new green technology will help Korea achieve green growth in 2029. Fourth, it is less likely for the new renewable energy to create a new growth engine, while it is more likely for the green car to create a new growth engine in Korea. Fifth, the green car turns out to become a momentum technology for Korea, since it satisfies the necessary conditions for momentum technology. The policy implications emerging from our findings are as follows. First, we have to introduce the new green technology for reducing the greenhouse gas to achieve the green growth in Korea. Second, we should pursue the long-term-oriented policy to achieve the green growth consistently regardless of political governance, since the green growth strategy is a long-term rather than short-term national policy agenda. Third, we had better strengthen the green car project rather than new renewable energy as a national agenda.

Advancing International Green Technology Cooperation: A Comprehensive Framework Approach

이지영,김태건 적정기술학회 2024 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.10 No.2

This research delves into the complexities of green technology cooperation, focusing on advancing sustainable development while addressing the urgent challenges of climate change. It aims to lay the foundation for identifying the components necessary to develop an index for green technology transfer through international cooperation. This index will help mitigate climate change and ensure alignment with the latest technological advancements by promoting international green technology cooperation. To achieve this objective, the study develops a conceptual framework to bridge critical gaps in existing literature, introducing a novel metric, the Green Technology Cooperation Index (GTCI). The GTCI serves as a comprehensive tool for evaluating the effectiveness of international cooperation, distinct from the previous studies, by focusing on technological collaboration within its environmental and economic context. Through a multifaceted analysis, this study examines components within the framework for assessing and enhancing global cooperation in green technology. The research elaborates on the concept of green technology cooperation, outlining the criteria and norms for a country’s readiness in collaborative efforts and effective implementation. The findings indicate that the GTCI components include green sustainability, green technology, economy and society, and governance and policy, which are considered the four pillars of the conceptual framework. This focus is driven by the overarching goals of fostering global harmony and improving the quality of life on our planet through technology transfer. Ultimately, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of technology transfer, a pivotal aspect of green technology cooperation. The insights gained from this research can inform policymakers, businesses, and organizations, guiding them in making informed decisions that promote sustainable economic growth at the national level.

27대 중점녹색기술의 기술산업연계구조분석을 통한 산업녹색도 지수 연구

고병열 ( Byoung Youl Coh ) 기술경영경제학회 2010 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.18 No.2

미국특허를 대상으로 국가 27대 녹색기술의 기술산업연계구조 분석을 수행하였고, 이를 통해서 산업 녹색도 지수를 개발하였다. 산업의 녹색도 지수는 녹색기술 창출지수 및 활용지수의 합으로 규정하였으며, 산업의 녹색기술 수용도의 의미를 갖는다. 지수 분석결과, 전체특허기술에 대한 수용도가 매우 높았던 대부분의 IT 관련 산업들은 27대 녹색기술에 대한 수용도 즉, 산업 녹색도는 상대적으로 낮게 나타나는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면, 배터리, 무기화합물 등 화학 관련 산업 및 에너지 관련 산업의 경우 산업의 녹색도가 전체특허 기술 수용도 대비 월등히 증가하여, 녹색성장시대에 크게 주목받는 산업으로 나타났다. 녹색 기술에 대한 효과적인 투자전략 수립을 위해서는, 관련 산업으로의 파급효과를 측정하는 것이 매우 중요하며, 본 연구에서 제시한 산업녹색도 지수는 이에 대한 정량적이면서 활용이 용이한 대안으로 제시된다. 한편, 본 연구결과로 제시된 산업의 기술 수용지수는 녹색기술 분야에 한정되지 않고 타 기술분야를 대상으로도 범용적으로 활용할 수 있다. This study relates to measure impact of green technology on industry sector by uses of industry greening indices. For this study, we performed patent trend analysis, technology-industry concordance analysis, and designed some industry greening indices. Through the results of this research, we found out the impact of Korean high priority green technologies on respective industries, and consequently identified which industries play an important role in the era of green innovation. IT related industries would catch somewhat weak attention in green technology policy, though they manufacture and use plenty of patents at present. Meanwhile, Energy related industry, such as battery industry would catch strong attention in green innovation, showed very high value of industry greening indices. In order to design proper R&D strategy for green technologies, understanding industry and market structure that can adapt and promote green technology innovation is important. In this context, this study could be an effective and systematic tool for assisting green innovation policy. Also, these indices developed are not limited to the case of green technology, other technologies can be used universally as a input for analysis.

그린디자인 개발을 위한 그린기술 정보제공 서비스 구축 1

경준혁(Kyoung Jun Hyouk),노지민(Noh Ji-min) 한국디자인학회 2010 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Due to concern on global warming and environment destruction, the interest in green growth has been increasing. Additionally, there's an increasingly loud call for self-examination about the fact that design contributes to mass-production of waste. With this stream of times, 'designers and corporate social responsibility', the word previously introduced by Papanek, Victor, is again attracting attention. Also, companies and designers have become interested in development of green-products. Government and companies are now focusing on technology that is center of development of green-products. New technologies development is leading to reduction of CO2 emission, increase in energy efficiency and reduction of waste produced by new materials. But it is not actively proceeding to study and discuss on developing ceo-friendly products with the green-technologies in design field. Design field also recognizes the need of accepting new technology information and connecting with design. But, designers are still regarding technology information as quite difficult in the process of developing design. Also, the usability of technology information is very low. To understand the trend of changing green-products development, it is needed to research and analyze technology information regarding green growth and to apply in the process of design development. In this respect, this study focuses on building online-information service, which transforms green-technology information into new one more suitable for designers, classifies and provides. The goal of this study is to build technology information providing service in which designers can use technology information, previously regarded as quite difficult, easily and conveniently in the process of design development.

공동주택에 적용 가능한 친환경 건축기술의 경제효율성 지표(EEI) 제안

박서윤(Park, Seo-Yoon),태성호(Tae, Sung-Ho),노승준(Roh, Seung-Jun) 대한건축학회 2017 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.33 No.6

This study aims to propose the Economic Efficiency Index (EEI) for green building technologies of apartment buildings. For this purpose, the categorization of green technologies was classified into resource reduction technology, energy saving technology, and energy production technology. After investigation of green technologies which were applied to apartment buildings, BFS concrete technology was proposed in resource reduction technology and LED lamp, low-e window, dimming control technology were contained within energy saving technology and solar system, a geothermal system, the solar thermal system were proposed in energy production technology. The EEI is a concept implicating rate of environmental performance and economic performance. Also, the concept of EEI is establishing a judgment in the aspect of environmental and economical performance of technology was proposed in order to inform the quantitative performance of each technology. Through comparing EEI of technology, it was able to figure out which technology is more efficient. The technology which has EEI over 1 and under -1, could be measured to be high efficient technology in the aspect of environmental performance. As a result, for the major green building technologies, the integrated environmental load reduction performance assessment which is the comparison to EEI was conducted, and through the EEI, the database was constructed.

배출권거래제를 통한 녹색기술 촉진 방안

최선영 한국환경법학회 2022 環境法 硏究 Vol.44 No.3

In order to achieve ultimate carbon neutrality, it is necessary to convert high-carbon energy and industrial structure into low-carbon energy and industrial structure by using green technology. On the other hand, the Emission Trading Scheme encourages the use of greenhouse gas reduction through green technology by allowing economic benefits. The Emission Trading Scheme allows greenhouse gas reduction using green technology to be converted and traded with external reduction certification and offset emission rights, or excludes greenhouse gas emissions when calculating. It also stipulates economic support for the development of greenhouse gas reduction technologies and the installation of facilities. However, currently, the Emission Trading Scheme does not the function of promoting the development and utilization of green technology. the Emission Trading Scheme is not activated so Emissions are not actively traded. And the Emission Trading Scheme just provide economic support for only facility installation, although It has regulations of economic support for the development of greenhouse gas reduction technologies. Accordingly, So the Climate Response Fund have to provide more actively economic support to development of green technologies by companies subject in the Emission Trading Scheme. Because Innovative development of green technology is necessary. And the exclusion regulation for calculating greenhouse gas emissions should be specified in the Emissions Trading Act to ensure legal safety. Also, the classification of greenhouse gas reduction technologies should be listed in the Emissions Trading Act enforcement ordinance for enforcement of enhance predictability and legal safety. In addition, it is necessary to give the benefit of recognizing the greenhouse gas reduction of CCS technology to be commercialized soon in the Emission Trading Scheme. Furthermore, for green-house gases were leaked after green technology reduce green house gas, the Emissions Trading Act have to prescribe regulation to the purchase of emission rights and differential purchase regulation to whether the business operator's obligations to prevent leakage are fulfilled. 궁극적인 탄소중립 달성을 위하여 녹색기술을 활용해 고탄소 에너지 및 산업구조를 저탄소 에너지 및 산업구조로 전환해야 한다. 한편, 배출권거래제에서는 녹색기술을 통한 온실가스 감축분으로 경제적 이익을 얻을 수 있도록 하여 활용을 촉구하고 있다. 배출권거래제에서는 녹색기술을 활용한 온실가스 감축분을 외부감축 인증량과 상쇄배출권으로 전환하고 거래할 수 있고 온실가스 배출량 산정 시 제외해주기도 한다. 또한 온실가스 감축 기술의 개발과 설비설치에 경제적 지원을 하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 현재 배출권거래제는 녹색기술의 개발과 활용을 촉진하는 기능을 제대로 수행하고 있지 못하다. 배출권거래제가 활성화되지 않아 활발하게 배출권이 거래되지 않으며, 온실가스 감축 기술 개발에 경제적 지원에 대한 명문의 규정이 있음에도 설비설치에만 경제적 지원이 되는 실정이다. 이에 기후대응기금 내에 배출권거래제 할당대상업체의 녹색기술에 대한 혁신적인 개발을 위한 지원을 명시하여 더욱 적극적으로 녹색기술 개발에 경제적 지원을 하도록 하여야 한다. 그리고 온실가스 배출량 산정 제외 규정을 배출권거래법에 명시하여 법적 안전성을 보장하고, 더불어 배출권거래법에 온실가스 감축 기술 활용의 법적 근거와 시행령에 온실가스 감축 기술의 분류를 열거하여 사업자의 예측 가능성과 법적 안전성을 제고시켜야 한다. 또한 곧 상용화를 앞둔 CCS 기술의 온실가스 감축분을 배출권거래제 내에서 인정해주는 혜택을 주어야 한다. 더 나아가 온실가스 감축 기술로 감축한 이후 재배출되었을 시, 그에 대한 배출권 구매에 관한 규정과 누출 방지를 위한 사업자의 의무 이행 여부에 따른 차등 구매 규정을 마련하여야 한다.

탄소중립 관련 기술 촉진에 대한 법제 개선방안

최선영 ( Choi Seonyeong ),송동수 ( Song Dongsoo ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2024 외법논집 Vol.48 No.2

국제사회는 기술이 기후변화를 극복하는 데에 필수적이란 것을 인지하고 꾸준히 기술의 촉진과 관련된 논의를 해왔다. 그리고 기술 개발의 촉진을 위해 기술 메커니즘을 형성하였으며, 파리협정에서부터는 기술 메커니즘과 재정 메커니즘의 연계에 관한 논의를 지속해왔다. 이후 COP 27에서 재정 메커니즘이 기술 메커니즘의 공동 이행 프로그램 전 과정을 지원하도록 결정하여 기술 메커니즘과 재정 메커니즘의 연계를 공고히 하였다. 한편 우리나라는 파리협정에 비준함으로써 2050년까지 탄소중립을 달성하여야 하는 의무를 지게 되었고 이를 이행하기 위해 탄소중립기본법과 기후기술법을 제정하여 녹색기술 촉진은 물론 체계적인 탄소중립 이행 체계를 확립하고자 하였다. 하지만 여전히 온실가스 감축 이행이 제대로 되지 않은 상황으로 이대로는 2050 탄소중립을 달성할 수 없어 더욱 적극적으로 녹색기술을 활용하기 위한 혁신이 필요한 시점이다. 우선 탄소중립기본법에 따라 녹색성장에 대한 재원을 위한 하위법령을 제정하고, 특히나 녹색기술개발에 집중될 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 그리고 기후대응기금 운용 방식에 변화를 주어 통합적인 관점에서 녹색기술에 전폭적인 지원을 할 수 있도록 하고, 탄소중립위원회가 주기적으로 성과점검을 함으로써 기후대응기금이 적절하게 운용되고 있는지 점검하여야 한다. 마지막으로 탄소중립 기본계획과 기후변화대응기술 기본계획이 법적으로 연관된 계획임을 명시하고 탄소중립위원회에서 각 기본계획에 대해 이행점검을 함으로써 통일화된 기술 촉진 체계를 구축하여야 한다. 이를 통해 현재 미진한 녹색기술에 더욱더 체계적이고 적극적인 재정적 지원이 가능케 되어 2050 탄소중립 달성은 물론 기술에 대한 국가 경쟁력을 강화할 수 있으리라 판단된다. The international community has recognized that technology is essential for overcoming climate change and has consistently discussed the promotion of technology. And a technological mechanism was formed to promote technological development, and discussions on linking the technological mechanism and financial mechanism have continued since the Paris Agreement. At COP 27, it was decided that the financial mechanism would support the entire process of the joint implementation program of the technical mechanism, solidifying the linkage between the technical mechanism and the financial mechanism. Meanwhile, Korea has become obligated to achieve carbon neutrality up to 2050 by ratifying the Paris Agreement. Korea intends to establish a systematic carbon neutral implementation system as well as promote green technology by enacting 「Basic Carbon Neutrality Act」 and 「Climate Technology Act」. However, as greenhouse gas reductions are still not implemented properly, carbon neutrality up to 2050 cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is time for innovation to more actively promote green technology. First, subordinate law should be enacted to finance green growth in accordance with 「Basic Carbon Neutrality Act」and especially should be focused on green technology development. In addition, the method of operating the climate response fund must be changed to provide full support to green technology from an integrated perspective, and the Carbon neutrality committee must periodically conduct performance inspections to check whether the climate response fund is being operated appropriately. Lastly, it is necessary to specify that 『Carbon neutral national framework plan』and 『the basic plan for climate change response technology』 are legally related plans. And the carbon neutral committee have to check the implementation of each basic plan by establishing a unified technology promotion system. I judge that we will be able to provide more systematic and active financial support to currently underdeveloped green technologies, thereby achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and strengthening national competitiveness in technology.

Development of Green Economy via Commercialization of Green Technologies: Experience of Kazakhstan

Karlygash S Mukhtarova,Aknur Zhidebekkyzy 한국유통과학회 2016 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2016 No.-

Green technologies are essential tools to ensure sustainable development of the economy. In this regard, the article deals with analysis of the development tendency of green economy in Kazakhstan emphasizing commercialization of green technologies. In the first part of the study, authors investigated more than 50 official sources of information, including laws, concepts, programs, events and reviews of major international organizations. The study's methodological basis included Kazakhstan's legislative and regulatory Acts, state programs and Concept for transition to Green economy, and data about innovations in the field of green technologies. Six experts were interviewed in order to determine factors which interfere to commercialization of green technologies. Urgent problems and trends of development, challenges and obstacles to gain green economy have also been identified in the result of expert interviewing. The research shows that despite Kazakhstan's intentions to update and develop much of its infrastructure over the coming 20 years, inefficient use of resources is currently observed in every sector. It is necessary to encourage scientists and entrepreneurs to invent and commercialize new green technologies. That would be basis for successful implementation of transition from "brown"to green economy.