독일 민속학계의 동향과 한국 민속학의 설 자리 모색

이상현(Lee Sang-Hyun) 한국민속학회 2010 韓國民俗學 Vol.51 No.-

본 글은 전후(戰後)독일민속학계에서 가강 활발히 논의되었던 Folklorismus을 한국민속학계에서 소개하기 위한 목적으로 작성되었다. 독일민속학계에서 Folklorismus에 관한 논의는 전후 독일민속학 연구가 민족주의 이념으로부터 벗어나 새로운 연구 방법을 구축하는 과정에서 등장하게 되었다. Folklorismus라는 단어를 최초론 사용한 학지는 Moser로서 그는 민속의 역사적 맥락에 대한 연구를 주장한 민속학자이다. 그는 20서기 들어서 많은 관광 혹은 정치적 목적 등 다양한 목적으로 민속이 새롭게 부활되는 과정에서 과거 민속이 전승 당시 모습과 달리 해석되어 운영되는 현상을 목격하고 이러한 현상을 Folklorismus라는 용어를 사용하여 비판하였다. 반면 현재학으로서 민속학을 구축하였던 Baussinger는 Folkorismus도 하나는 문화 현상으로 인식할 필요가 있음을 강조하고 민속학지는 이러한 현상을 비판하기보다는 이러한 현상이 등장하는 배경과 주체 등을 분석할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조하였다. 독일민속학계의 Folklorsimus 논의와 직접적으로 연관이 있는 것이 한국민속학계의 포크로리즘의 논의이다. 한국에서 포크로리즘에 관한 논의는 아직 초창기로서 독일민속학계와 딜리 특정 사례에 한정되어 진행되고 있으며 역사학 혹은 사회과학 등의 방법론과 연관되어 논의되고 있지 않은 실정이다. This article was written for the purpose of introducing 'Folklorismus', the most actively debated subject in the postwar German Volkskunde Society, to Korean Folklore Society. The debate on 'Folklorisrous' in German Volkskunde Society has appeared in the process of German Folklore Study's formulating new research method, breaking our of the ideology of nationalism. The scholar who used the term 'Folklorisrous' for the first time was Moser who insisted on the research of historical context of folklore. He observed the phenomenon that past folklore was interpreted and managed differently from the time when it was passed down in the process of the revival of folklore for various purposes such as sightseeing and politics etc in the 20th century and criticized this phenomenon using the term 'Folklorismus'. On the other hand, Bausinger who formulated folklore as current study emphasized that we should recognize 'Polkorismus' as a cultural phenomenon and thar folklorists need to analyze the background and subject of this phenomenon instead of criticizing the phenomenon. The debate about folklorism in Korean Folklore Society is directly related with the debate about 'Folkotismus' in Getman Volkskunde Society. The debate about folklorism in Korea is in the early stage and is progressing while limited on special cases unlike German Volkskunde Society and is not being debated in relation with methodology of the historical science or social science etc.

UNESCO문화유산에 관한 독일민속학의 인식과 연구

이상현(Lee, Sang-Hyun) 비교민속학회 2015 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.56

본 연구는 독일민속학의 UNESCO유산정책 특히 무형유산정책의 특징 그리고 정책의 영향 관계에 대한 분석을 소개하기 위한 목적으로 작성되었다. 특히 독일민속학에서 이 분야에 대한 연구를 활발하게 진행하고 있는 Gottingen대학교 민속학연구소의 연구를 중심으로 연구 경향과 방법론을 소개하고 연구의 문제점을 비판적으로 검토하였다. 독일민속학에서 UNESCO문화유산 정책 등 외부의 요인에 의하여 특정 민속이 새롭게 각광받고 활용되는 현상에 대한 연구는 이미 Folklorismus에 대한 연구에서 활발하게 전개되었기 때문에 본 연구에서는 이에 관하여 먼저 언급하였다. 다음으로 Gotttingen대학 민속학연구소 연구의 핵심개념인 ‘Heritag-fizierung’에 성립 배경과 목적에 관하여 분석하였다. 이어 Gottingen대학 민속학연구소를 비롯하여 미국 및 독일민속학계의 UNESCO문화유산 연구에 많은 영향을 준 Barbara Kirschenblatt-Gimblett의 문화유산 이론에 대한 소개하였다. 다음으로 이를 활용한 연구소 연구의 응용 방향과 목적에 대하여 분석하였다. Gottingen대학 민속학연구소의 UNESCO무형유산의 연구 특징을 구체적으로 소개하기 위하여 유럽에선 최초로 UNESCO무형유산으로 등재된 벨기에 Binche카니발의 연구를 소개하였다. 마지막으로 Gottingen연구소의 UNESCO문화유산 연구의 한계를 비판적으로 분석하고 이러한 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 대안에 대하여 간략하게 언급하였다. This study has been conducted with the purpose of introducing an analysis of the relationship of the features of UNESCO cultural heritage policies of German folklore, particularly intangible heritage policies, and the relationship of the influence of policies. The study tendencies and methodologies based on the research conducted by the Folklore Research Institute of the Gottingen University, which is actively conducting research in the field of German folklore, are introduced, and the problems of such research have been critically examined. Since research on the phenomena of specific folk being newly noted and used by external factors, such as UNESCO cultural heritage policies in Germany folklore has already been actively progressed concerning Folklorismus. Thus, this study has briefly mentioned this at the beginning. Next, this study has analyzed the background and purpose of the establishment of ‘Heritag-fizierung’, the core concept of the research conducted by the Folklore Research Institute of the Gotttingen University. Consequently, this study has introduced the theory of cultural heritage of Barbara Kirschenblatt-Gimblett, which greatly influenced the study of UNESCO cultural heritage of the US and German folklore academic circles including the Folklore Research Institute of Gottingen University. Next, the applicative direction and purpose of the study of the research laboratory using such was analyzed. In order to provide a detailed introduction of the features of the study of UNESCO intangible heritage of the Folklore Research Institute of the Gottingen University, a study on the Binche Carnival of Belgium was introduced, which was the first UNESCO intangible heritage to be registered in Europe. Lastly, the restrictions of the study of UNESCO cultural heritage of the Gottingen Folklore Research Institute were critically analyzed, and alternatives, which can overcome such problems, were briefly mentioned.

지역의 외부로 향하는 민속의 성향에 관한 문제

편무영 국립민속박물관 2008 민속학연구 Vol.0 No.22

First, folklore does not stop at one's own (internal) orientation but has been confirmed to possess external properties as well. Such truth is evidenced by the use of the words "to be" in those that are already existing and that are not a new discovery. This has been neglected in folkloristics, and the observation of both the internal and external orientations in folklore foreshadows the fact that the realm of folkloristics will soon expand. Fakelore and folklore are two new terminologies that, having brought about excessive reactions in folkloristics in many countries, can be considered a temporary item of controversy, as in sociology and anthropology, that will expand the ontology of culture in cultural philosophy, or that is more directly related with phenomenology. Second, folklore, along with its internal and external orientations, the properties of being, is also dependent on the people and the third party. Adorno and the disciples of phenomenology and hermeneutics, who have discovered the concept, should be given credit for the idea of the third party or cultural representative. The American folklorist Dawson's explanation of fakelore and the many other theses that have been written under folklorismus are lengthy when compared to the German theses on philosophy. The involvement of the third party in the affairs of the followers of folkloristics, of the intellectuals, and of the merchants, as well as in museums and management, could be found not only in folklore but in all other aspects of culture. Thus, ideas that are more foundational and common than folkloristics are awaited. The problem, however, lies not in the distress caused by the pollution of the pure essence of folklore through third-party involvement, but in the relationship of the two. The relationship of the mediators is both timely and social. The custom could be the element that would restore the relationship of the people and the third party. Such mediators maintain equilibrium or lean towards one side. Currently, the third party has greater leverage in Korea as well as in other East Asian countries. It may seem like a paradox, but there is an overrated condition of "occupational folkloristics." With the frequent excess intervention of the third party, it is difficult to expect a reasonable dialectic premise. Although passive, John Olsen, an American folklorist, attempted to narrate it under the dialectic presumption, which can be taken from his point of view. Third, as the equilibrium between the people and the third party is broken, it becomes more certain that the people are being neglected. Whether the supplies that Yang-myung Han used for National Customs 81 (a cultural festival that was held from May 28 to June 1, 1981) were applicable only to university students at the time, and whether the "marionettes" or "beloved citizens" who could be found in various festivals in the 20th century were connected to an idea, should be given careful consideration. The Korea Folklorist Conference that was held by the Korean National Folk Museum in October 2005 depicted a "We don't have any time" stance as far as folk contents are concerned. In a similar discussion in the conference hall about Chinese folklore, an "Economic development is more needed" stance was issued, and a public official from Kamakura, Japan brought fabricated papers for UNESCO registration. The three countries revealed the problems that may arise when a third party is granted more power than the people. Hence, the neglected people will be more effectively managed under a third party, and in the creation of a new culture stratum, the third party will play the loyal part in this unchanging folkloresque comedy. The scenario for the comedy has the third party as its principal axis. Therefore, the power to gather, direct, and encourage is given to the third party. Such scenario prepares the stage for an excessive external orientation. To summarize, the above awakening gives a new discriminating...

독일의 근대화와 고향의 발견 그리고 민속학 연구

이상현 실천민속학회 2018 실천민속학연구 Vol.32 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of German Volkskunde regarding modernization in Germany. The field of German folklore launched research on modernization rather late because of the ideological attitude to recognize the premodern time as the period of traditional culture and modernization is something that either changes or destroys national culture. Also, research that genuinely began mainly dealt with traditional folklore as its subject, for example, the changes of towns during the period of modernization or Volkskunde within the mass media. In order to analyze the characteristics of research on German Volkskunde regarding modernization systematically, this author here employed the term, ‘hometown’, which was actively used in the process of modernization and is directly associated with the research subjects of Volkskunde. First, this researcher analyzed the background and process of increasing interest in the hometown during the early 19th century in Germany through the activities of the refined citizens’ group and also described the activities of research and practice conducted by German scholars of Volkskunde then related to the hometown. Next, this author analyzed the agents associated with the background of recognizing the post-war hometown newly. This study first analyzed the characteristics of the hometown produced by popular culture, particularly, the mass media and next discussed the characteristics of producing and consuming the hometown in tourism and the trends of research conducted by German scholars of Volkskunde about it. 본 연구는 독일의 근대화에 대한 독일민속학의 연구 경향을 분석하기 위하여 작성되었다. 독일민속학에서는 근대 이전을 전통문화의 시대로 인식하고 있었고 근대화는 민족문화를 파괴 내지는 변화시키는 것으로 인식하는 이념적 태도로 근대화에 대한 연구가 늦게 시작되었다. 또한 본격적인 연구도 근대화 시기 마을의 변화, 대중매체 속에 민속 등 전통적 민속학 연구 대상을 중심으로 진행되고 있다. 근대화에 대한 독일민속학의 연구 특성을 체계적으로 분석하기 위하여 근대화 과정에서 활발하게 사용되었고 민속학의 연구 대상과 직접 연관되는 고향이라는 용어를 본 연구에서 활용하였다. 먼저 19세기 초반 독일에서 고향에 대한 관심이 등장하게 되는 배경과 과정을 시민교양층의 활동을 통해서 분석하였고 더불어 당시 독일민속학자들의 고향과 관련된 연구와 실천 활동을 기술하였다. 다음으로 전후(戰後) 고향에 대하여 새롭게 인식되는 배경과 관련된 주체들에 대하여 분석하였다. 먼저 대중문화 특히 대중 매체에서 생산되는 고향의 특성 다음으로 관광분야의 고향의 생산과 소비의 특성과 이에 관한 독일민속학자들의 연구 경향에 대하여 논의하였다.

독일의 근대화와 고향의 발견 그리고 민속학 연구

이상현(Lee, Sang-Hyun) 실천민속학회 2018 실천민속학연구 Vol.32 No.-

본 연구는 독일의 근대화에 대한 독일민속학의 연구 경향을 분석하기 위하여 작성되었다. 독일민속학에서는 근대 이전을 전통문화의 시대로 인식하고 있었고 근대화는 민족문화를 파괴 내지는 변화시키는 것으로 인식하는 이념적 태도로 근대화에 대한 연구가 늦게 시작되었다. 또한 본격적인 연구도 근대화 시기 마을의 변화, 대중매체 속에 민속 등 전통적 민속학 연구 대상을 중심으로 진행되고 있다. 근대화에 대한 독일민속학의 연구 특성을 체계적으로 분석하기 위하여 근대화 과정에서 활발하게 사용되었고 민속학의 연구 대상과 직접 연관되는 고향이라는 용어를 본 연구에서 활용하였다. 먼저 19세기 초반 독일에서 고향에 대한 관심이 등장하게 되는 배경과 과정을 시민교양층의 활동을 통해서 분석하였고 더불어 당시 독일민속학자들의 고향과 관련된 연구와 실천활동을 기술하였다. 다음으로 전후(戰後) 고향에 대하여 새롭게 인식되는 배경과 관련된 주체들에 대하여 분석하였다. 먼저 대중문화 특히 대중 매체에서 생산되는 고향의 특성 다음으로 관광분야의 고향의 생산과 소비의 특성과 이에 관한 독일민속학자들의 연구 경향에 대하여 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of German Volkskunde regarding modernization in Germany. The field of German folklore launched research on modernization rather late because of the ideological attitude to recognize the premodern time as the period of traditional culture and modernization is something that either changes or destroys national culture. Also, research that genuinely began mainly dealt with traditional folklore as its subject, for example, the changes of towns during the period of modernization or Volkskunde within the mass media. In order to analyze the characteristics of research on German Volkskunde regarding modernization systematically, this author here employed the term, ‘hometown’, which was actively used in the process of modernization and is directly associated with the research subjects of Volkskunde. First, the researcher analyzed the background and process of increasing interest in the hometown during the early 19th century in Germany through the activities of the refined citizens’ group and also described the activities of research and practice conducted by German scholars of Volkskunde then related to the hometown. Next, this author analyzed the agents associated with the background of recognizing the post-war hometown newly. This study first analyzed the characteristics of the hometown produced by popular culture, particularly, the mass media and next discussed the characteristics of producing and consuming the hometown in tourism and the trends of research conducted by German scholars of Volkskunde about it.