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        Use of Fish Oil Nanoencapsulated with Gum Arabic Carrier in Low Fat Probiotic Fermented Milk

        Farideh Vahid Moghadam,Rezvan Pourahmad,Ali Mortazavi,Daryoush Davoodi,Reza Azizinezhad 한국축산식품학회 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.2

        Fish oil consists of omega-3 fatty acids which play an important role in human health. Its susceptibility to oxidation causes considerable degradation during the processing and storage of food products. Accordingly, encapsulation of this ingredient through freeze drying was studied with the aim of protecting it against environmental conditions. Gum arabic (GA) was used as the wall material for fish oil nanoencapsulation where tween 80 was applied as the emulsifier. A water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared by sonication, containing 6% fish oil dispersed in aqueous solutions including 20% and 25% total wall material. The emulsion was sonicated at 24 kHz for 120 s. The emulsion was then freeze-dried and the nanocapsules were incorporated into probiotic fermented milk, with the effects of nanocapsules examined on the milk. The results showed that the nanoparticles encapsulated with 25% gum arabic and 4% emulsifier had the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) (87.17%) and the lowest surface oil (31.66 mg/100 kg). Using nanoencapsulated fish oil in fermented milk significantly (p<0.05) increased the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents. The fermented milk sample containing fish oil nanoencapsulated with 25% wall material and 4% emulsifier yielded the greatest probiotic bacterial count (8.41 Log CFU/mL) and the lowest peroxide value (0.57 mEq/kg). Moreover, this sample had the highest EPA and DHA contents. Utilizing this nanoencapsulated fish oil did not adversely affect fermented milk overall acceptance. Therefore, it can be used for fortification of low fat probiotic fermented milk.

      • Mackerel-derived fermented fish oil protects skin against UVB-induced cellular damage by inhibiting oxidative stress

        Park, Jeong Eon,Hyun, Yu Jae,Piao, Mei Jing,Kang, Kyoung Ah,Ryu, Yea Seong,Shilnikova, Kristina,Zhen, Ao Xuan,Ahn, Mee Jung,Ahn, Yong Seok,Koh, Young Sang,Kang, Hee Kyoung,Hyun, Jin Won Elsevier 2018 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.46 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated the protective effect of mackerel-derived fermented fish oil (FFO) against UVB radiation-induced oxidative stress in human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin tissue. FFO treatment scavenged UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species and attenuated oxidative modifications including lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage. FFO treatment reduced UVB-induced apoptosis by reducing DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, and proapoptotic protein expression. UVB radiation activated phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and phospho-p38, whereas their specific inhibitors with FFO treatment abrogated the cell viability and apoptosis increased by UVB irradiation. FFO was more cytoprotective than docosahexaenoic acid, the main component of fish oil, against UVB exposure. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of FFO was evident in both UVB-exposed HaCaT cell and mouse models. Overall, these results demonstrate that FFO protects the skin against UVB-induced oxidative stress through antioxidant effects. FFO has the potential for development as a functional food against UVB-induced skin damage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mackerel-derived fermented fish oil (FFO) scavenged UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species. </LI> <LI> FFO treatment attenuated UVB-induced oxidative skin cellular modifications and apoptotic cell death. </LI> <LI> FFO may be developed as a functional food against UVB-induced skin damage. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>FFO prevented epidermal damage including oxidative cellular damage and apoptotic cell death by directly inhibiting UVB radiation or decreasing ROS level induced by UVB radiation.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • Mackerel-Derived Fermented Fish Oil Promotes Hair Growth by Anagen-Stimulating Pathways

        Kang, Jung-Il,Yoon, Hoon-Seok,Kim, Sung Min,Park, Jeong Eon,Hyun, Yu Jae,Ko, Ara,Ahn, Yong-Seok,Koh, Young Sang,Hyun, Jin Won,Yoo, Eun-Sook,Kang, Hee-Kyoung MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.9

        <P>Hair growth is regulated by the interaction between dermal papilla cells (DPC) and other cells inside the hair follicle. Here, we show the effect and action mechanism of mackerel-derived fermented fish oil (FFO) extract and its component docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the control of hair growth. The hair growth effect of FFO extract was evaluated by the culture method of vibrissa follicles and in vivo dotmatrix planimetry method. FFO extract increased the length of hair-fibers and enabled stimulated initiation into the anagen phase of the hair cycle. As expected, FFO extract significantly increased DPC proliferation. FFO extract induced the progression of the cell cycle and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and Akt. FFO extract induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, a stimulator of anagen phase, through an increase of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) level. Since various prostaglandins are known to promote hair growth in humans and mice, we examined the effect of DHA, a main omega-3 fatty acid of FFO, on DPC proliferation. DHA not only increased DPC proliferation but also upregulated levels of cell cycle-associated proteins such as cyclin D1 and cdc2 p34. These results show that FFO extract and DHA promote hair growth through the anagen-activating pathways in DPC.</P>

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