사람 양수중 다종의 세포외성 포스포리파제 A₂의 부분정제 및 특성

전용주,백석환,이지혜,문태철,민병우,장현욱 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1997 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.7 No.-

Multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase A₂ have been detected in human amniotic fluid (HAF). When HAF was subjected to heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, phospholipase A₂activity was deleced in both heparin-non binding and binding fraction. The activity of heparin-non binding fraction was further purified by sequential uses of column chromatographies on butyl-Toy-opearl 659M and DEAE-Sephacel. DEAE-SEphacel fraction contained three different phospholipase A₂ activities (Peak Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ). The molecular weight of DEAE-Sephacel fraction phospholipase A₂ determined by SDS-PAGE were about 52KDa (Peak Ⅰ). Peak Ⅱ, Ⅲ required micromolar Ca^(2+) ion for its maximun activity, but Peak Ⅰ enzyme showed calcium independent phospholipase A₂ activity and showed broad range of pH (6.0~10.0) optimum. All these enzymes were not recognized by a monoclonal antibody reised against phospholipase A₂ from human synovial fluid. These results suggest that HAF might contain multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase A₂ which may neither belong to the 14KDa group Ⅱ phospholipase A₂ family nor cytosolic phospholipase A₂.

사람 양수중 다종의 세포외성 포스포리파제 A2의 부분정제 및 특성

전용주(Yong Ju Jeon),백석환(Suk Hwan Baek),이지혜(Jee Hae Lee),문태철(Tae Chul Moon),민병우(Beong Woo Min),장현욱(Hyeun Wook Chang) 대한약학회 1997 약학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase A2 have been detected in human amniotic fluid (HAF). When HAF was subjected to heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, phospholipase A2 activity was detected in both heparin-non binding and binding fraction. The activity of heparin-non binding fraction was further purified by sequential uses of column chromatographies on butyl-Toy-opearl 650M and DEAE-Sephacel. DEAE-Sephacel fraction contained three different phospholipase A2 activities (Peak I, II, III). The molecular weight of DEAE-Sephacel fraction phospholipase A2 determined by SDS-PAGE were about 52KDa (Peak I). Peak II, III required micromolar Ca2+ ion for its maximum activity, but Peak I enzyme showed calcium independent phospholipase A2 activity and showed broad range of pH (6.0~10.0) optimum. All these enzymes were not recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against phospholipase A2 from human synovial fluid. These results suggest that HAF might contain multiple forms of extracellular phospholipase A2, which may neither belong to the 14KDa group II phospholipase A2 family nor cytosolic phospholipase A2.

內部 六氣에 대한 생리적 이해와 현대적 접근

김병수 한의병리학회 2023 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.37 No.5

Six-qi theory is an important concept in Korean medicine. Traditionally, Six-qi theory has been used pathologically. However, it could be more valuable when applied from a physiological perspective. The external Six-qi theory is an analysis of the external environment such as the climate, but the internal Six-qi theory is an analysis of the internal environment of the human body. The internal environment of the human body is considered to be the condition of extracellular fluid (ECF). The internal Six-qi can be understood by the condition of extracellular fluid. In particular, among the internal Six-qi, cold-heat and dry-dampness are well reflected in the condition of extracellular fluid. In addition, analyzing the condition of the internal Six-qi through medical inquiry would be helpful in more practical clinical treatment. A questionnaire about cold and heat could determine the intensity of the body's metabolism, and a questionnaire about dryness and moisture could determine the level of body fluids in the body.

Follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles improve in vitro maturation and embryonic development of porcine oocytes

강희재,Seonggyu Bang,Heyyoung Kim,Ayeong Han,Shuntaro Miura,Hye Sun Park,Islam M. Saadeldin,Sanghoon Lee,Jongki Cho 대한수의학회 2023 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.63 No.4

To optimize the most efficient method for porcine in vitro maturation (IVM), we compared the effects of supplementing extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from porcine follicular fluid (pFF). The cumulus oocyte complexes were grouped into 4 groups with different supplementations as following: pFF (G1), pFF-depleted EVs (G2), EVs (G3) and control (G4) groups. After IVM with different supplementations, maturation rates and the developmental competences of porcine oocytes and blastocyst development were investigated. Additionally, glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured in mature oocytes. The EVs were isolated and characterized with cryo-TEM and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The pFF significantly affected the maturation rate, whereas the presence of EVs did not show notable difference in the maturation rates. Although there were numerical increases in the measured parameters in EV and pFF-depleted EVs groups, no significant differences were observed between them. The EV group showed similar oocyte maturation rate for both positive and negative control groups. The GSH was not different among the groups, but ROS levels were significantly lower in pFF-supplemented group when compared with other groups with the highest level in the control group. G2 group wasn’t significantly different G1 and G3 group. G3 group wasn’t significantly different from G2 and G4 group. This suggests that EVs in IVM medium which probably effected partially to protect against oxidative stress and potentially enhance the quality of oocytes. This study indicates that the EVs in pFF play a significant role in improving the efficiency of oocyte maturation in porcine.

Evaluation of a Novel Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC) Monitoring System: Comparison with the AUC by Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Satoshi Ugi,Hiroshi Maegawa,Katsutaro Morino,Yoshihiko Nishio,Toshiyuki Sato,Seiki Okada,Yasuo Kikkawa,Toshihiro Watanabe,Hiromu Nakajima,Atsunori Kashiwagi 대한당뇨병학회 2016 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.40 No.4

Background: Management of postprandial hyperglycemia is a key aspect in diabetes treatment. We developed a novel system to measure glucose area under the curve (AUC) using minimally invasive interstitial fluid extraction technology (MIET) for simple monitoring of postprandial glucose excursions. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between our system and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by comparing glucose AUC obtained using MIET with that obtained using CGM for a long duration. Methods: Twenty diabetic inpatients wearing a CGM system were enrolled. For MIET measurement, a plastic microneedle array was applied to the skin as pretreatment, and hydrogels were placed on the pretreated area to collect interstitial fluid. Hydrogels were replaced every 2 or 4 hours and AUC was predicted on the basis of glucose and sodium ion levels. Results: AUC predicted by MIET correlated well with that measured by CGM (r=0.93). Good performances of both consecutive 2- and 4-hour measurements were observed (measurement error: 11.7%±10.2% for 2 hours and 11.1%±7.9% for 4 hours), indicating the possibility of repetitive measurements up to 8 hours. The influence of neither glucose fluctuation nor average glucose level over the measurement accuracy was observed through 8 hours. Conclusion: Our system showed good relationship with AUC values from CGM up to 8 hours, indicating that single pretreatment can cover a large portion of glucose excursion in a day. These results indicated possibility of our system to contribute to convenient monitoring of glucose excursions for a long duration.

Assessment of body water distribution in patients with sepsis during fluid resuscitation using multi-frequency direct segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis

Park, Inwon,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Jang, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Joonghee,Hwang, Bo Rah,Kim, Seoyoung,Lee, Ji Eun,Jo, You Hwan Elsevier 2020 Clinical nutrition Vol.39 No.6

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background & aims</B></P> <P>Although initial fluid resuscitation in sepsis is critical for the treatment of tissue hypoperfusion, little evidence supports the distribution of infused fluid in patients with sepsis. This study was designed to assess the body water distribution in patients with sepsis using bioelectrical impedance analysis and correlate the trend in body water distribution during fluid treatment with the prognosis of patients with sepsis.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A prospective study in a single emergency department was performed, and adult patients suspected of having sepsis were enrolled. Multi-frequency direct segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10, InBody) measuring total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) was applied to patients with sepsis at three periods: before, immediately after, and 1 hour after the fluid treatment. Survival data at 28 days after the fluid treatment were obtained.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Forty-two patients were enrolled in this study. Overall, the ratios of TBW, ICW, and ECW to body weight increased throughout the fluid treatment except the ratio of ICW to body weight at 1 hour in non-survivors. While the ratio of ECW to TBW (ECW/TBW) and the ratio of ICW to TBW (ICW/TBW) in survivors remained stable over the period, the trend of ECW/TBW increased with corresponding decline of ICW/TBW in non-survivors (p = 0.0085 and p = 0.0034 between times and groups, respectively) such that ECW/TBW and ICW/TBW were significantly different at 1 hour after the fluid loading period (p = 0.0120 and p = 0.0085, respectively). This contrast pattern was equivalent with the trend of ECW/TBW in trunk but not that of the other extremities.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>During fluid resuscitation, the trend in ECW/TBW significantly increased with corresponding decrease of ICW/TBW in non-survivors compared with that in survivors, which suggests fluid resuscitation results intracellular dehydration and extracellular edema in non-survivors of patients with sepsis.</P>

Is There Volume Transmission Along Extracellular Fluid Pathways Corresponding to the Acupuncture Meridians?

Weibo Zhang,Ze Wang,Shuyong Jia,Yuying Tian,Guangjun Wang,Hongyan Li,Kjell Fuxe 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.1

Volume transmission is a new major communication signaling via extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid) pathways. It was proposed by the current authors that such pathways can explain the meridian phenomena and acupuncture effects. To investigate whether meridian-like structures exist in fish body and operate via volume transmission in extracellular fluid pathways, we injected alcian blue (AB) under anesthesia into Gephyrocharax melanocheir, which has a translucent body. The migration of AB could be seen directly and was recorded by a digital camera. The fish was then embedded and cut transversely to observe the position of tracks in three dimensions. Eight longitudinal threadlike blue tracks were recognized on the fish. The positions of these threadlike tracks were similar to meridians on the human body. Transverse sections showed that these tracks distributed to different layers of distinct subcutaneous loose connective tissues and intermuscular septa. Lymphatic vessels were sometimes associated with the extracellular blue tracks where the migration of AB occurred. Extracellular fluid pathways were found on fish through their transport of AB. These pathways operating via volume transmission appeared to be similar in positions and functions to the acupuncture meridians in Chinese medicine.

Effect of an Extracellular Fluid Type Solution of Lung Preservation of an isolated Rabbit Heart-Lung Block Model

Kim, Se Wha,Sim, Sung Bo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1996 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.21 No.1

Lung transplantation has been employed successfully for the treatment of end stage pulmonary vascular and parenchymal diseases. Limited donor supply is the major factor restricting the application of lung transplantation. A uniformly reliable method of lung preservation would improve donor organ availability. Recently, Euro-Collins'(Euro-C) solution, an intracellular fluid type solution, is most widely used in organ preservation. In present study, we used an in vitro-ventillated, blood perfused rabbit lung model to examine the effects of extracellular fluid type solution (Low-Potassium-Dextran-Glucose; LPD) over intracellular fluid type solution(modified Euro-Collins' solution; Euro-C) during pulmonary flush and preservation period. For this study, animals were divided into three groups : control group(n=6), nonpreserverved lungs; LPD group(n=24), lungs were flushed with LPD solution and stored(10℃) in the same solution for 6 hours(n=6), 12 hours(n=6), 18 hours(n=6), and 24 hours(n=6); Euro-C group(n=24), lungs were flushed and stored with modified Euro-Collins solution for same period of LPD group. Rabbit lungs were harvested and stored after pulmonary flush with same solutions. The lungs were preserved at 10� and reperfused with flesh venous blood. On completion of each storage period(6, 12, 18 and 24 hours), the lung was ventilated and reperfused with rabbit venous blood at a rate of 30ml/min for 10 minutes. Assessment of lung functions included pulmonary vascular resistance during pulmonary flush, gas analysis of effuent blood, pulmonary artery pressure during reperfusion and wet/dry weight ratio after reperfusion. The results are as follows: 1. The lungs flushed with Euro-Collins solution showed a marked rise in pulmonary artery pressure(PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR). By contrast, when the lungs were flushed with LPD, no rise in PAP and PVR were observed. 2. Oxygen tension (PO_2) of left atrial effluent during reperfusion was significantly higher in LPD-24 group and control group than Euro-C-12 group(P<0.05) and Euro-C-24 group(P<0.01). Carbon dioxide tension (PC02) during reperfusion was significantly higher in Euro-C-18 group than with control group and LPD-24 group (P<0.05). 3. PAP during reperfusion was significantly higher in Euro-6 group than in control group (P<0.05). 4. Wet/dry lung weight ratio after reperfusion was higher in Euro-12 group than that in control roup(P<0.01) and LPD-24 group(P<0.01). Lungs in LPD group showed better lung function(higher, P0_2 and lower, PCO_2) and lower wet/dry weight ratio than those of Euro-C group. It is concluded that superior results in lung preservation can be achieved with pulmonary flush using extracellular fluid type solution(LPD solution) when compared with intracellular fluid type solution(modified Euro-Collins' sollution).

한국성인의 제2형 당뇨병 유무에 따른 체액 조성 차이 및 영양소 섭취량 분석

김유경(Yu-Gyeong Kim),최하늘(Ha-Neul Choi),임정은(Jung-Eun Yim) 한국영양학회 2023 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.56 No.4

본 연구는 한국인을 대상으로 제2형 당뇨병 환자와 질병이 없는 정상대조군을 비교하여 성별에 따른 체액 불균형 정도와 영양소 섭취량을 평가하고자 하였다. 조사대상자는 총 57명으로, T2DM이 있는 T2DM군 (n = 36)과 T2DM이 없는 정상대조군 (n = 21)으로 나누어 분석하고, 성별에 따른 체액량의 차이를 고려하여 남성 T2DM군 (n = 24), 남성 정상대조군 (n = 9), 여성 T2DM군 (n = 12), 여성 정상대조군 (n = 12)으로 세분화하여 지표들의 특징을 분석하였다. BIA를 통하여 연구대상자의 체액 조성을 분석한 결과, ECW/ICW는 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 유의적으로 높았고, 부종지수를 나타내는 ECW/TBW는 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 성별에 따른 체액 조성을 분석한 결과, 남성과 여성 모두 T2DM군은 정상대조군보다 높은 ECW/ICW, ECW/TBW를 보이며 동일한 체수분율 양상이 나타났다. 식사일기를 통해 연구대상자의 영양소 섭취량을 분석한 결과, 1,000 kcal 당 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 나트륨, 칼륨 섭취량은 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 많았고, 1,000 kcal 당지방, 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 T2DM군이 정상대조군보다 적었다. 본 연구를 통해 T2DM 환자에게서 체액 불균형이 나타날 가능성이 높음을 알 수 있었으며 추후 당뇨 합병증의 평가, 진단의 기초 자료로 널리 활용될 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes body fluid imbalance because of hyperglycemia, but there is a lack of research on the relationship between DM and body fluid imbalance in the Korean population. This study compared the differences in body fluid composition and dietary intake between individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM) and a normal control (NC) group without the disease. Methods: In this study, 36 subjects with T2DM and 21 without diabetes were divided into the T2DM and NC groups. The subjects were divided into four subgroups to assess differences in body fluid volume according to sex: men T2DM group (n = 24), men NC group (n = 9), women T2DM group (n = 12), and women NC group (n = 12). The body fluid composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, including intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW), ECW/ICW, and ECW/TBW. Nutrient intake was evaluated using their dietary records. Results: The results showed that the ECW/ICW and the ECW/TBW were significantly higher in the T2DM group compared to the NC group. Both men and women in the T2DM group showed significantly higher ECW/ICW and ECW/TBW than the respective NC group. The T2DM group had a higher carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, sodium, and potassium intake per 1,000 kcal and lower total daily energy, fat, and cholesterol intake per 1,000 kcal than the NC group. Conclusion: These results suggest a positive association between T2DM and body fluid imbalance. This study can be used widely as basic data for the evaluation and diagnosis of diabetic complications in the future.

생체이온 변화 유발 후 경혈과 비경혈에서의 생체 구조 성분 분석 및 비교를 통한 경혈 특이성 고찰

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),정경렬 ( Kyung Yul Chung ),전미선 ( Mi Seon Jeon ),신태민 ( Tae Min Shin ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2014 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.31 No.2

경혈의 임피던스를 측정하여 경혈의 특이성을 확보하고자 다수 연구가 진행되어왔다. 직류전압과 교류전압을 자극하여 단순히 경혈이 위치한 피부 임피던스를 측정하는 방식이 아닌 Multi-Frequency Body Impedance analysis(MF BIA) 기법을 이용하여 생체 구조 성분(세포외액, 세포내액의 저항성분 그리고 세포막의 용량성분)을 추출하는 방법을 이용하여 경혈의 특이성을 확보하고자 한다. 인체 내 생체 이온 변화가 발생하였을 시, 경혈이 비경혈에 발생 전/후 높은 변화율이 관찰될 것이라는 가정을 하에, 생체 이온 변화를 유도하기 위하여 근피로를 유발하였으며, 유도 전/후의 생체 구조 성분을 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 방법: 대퇴직근에 근피로를 유도하기 위하여 건강한 대학생에게 Knee extension/flexion의 등속도 운동을 통하였다. 생체 이온 변화를 확인하기 위하여 젖산을 측정하였으며, 피험자마다 동일한 근피로를 유발하기 위하여 EMG(electromyogram) 분석을 통하여 peak torque와 median frequency를 분석하였다. 근피로 유발 24시간 이후까지 젖산과 peak torque와 median frequency을 측정하였으며, 각 단계마다 복토(ST32), 음시(ST33) 과 인접한 비경혈 2개에 대하여 생체 구조 성분 또한 측정하였다. 결과: 젖산과 peak torque와 median frequency은 24시간 이후 근피로 유발 전으로 회복되었다. 세포외액 저항성분의 경우 비경혈에 비하여 복토(ST32)에서 생체 이온 변화에 따라 높은 변화율이 관찰되었으나, 음시(ST33) 에서는 비경혈에 비하여 낮은 변화율이 관찰되었다. 세포내액 저항성분은 경혈과 비경혈 사이 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 복토(ST32)에서 세포막의 용량성분이 높은 변화율이 관찰되었지만, 음시(ST33)와 인접한 비경혈간의 뚜렷한 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 결론: 생체 이온 변화에 따라 인접한 비경혈과 비교해보았을 시, 경혈에서의 상대적으로 높고 낮은 혹은 유사한 변화율이 관찰되었다. 따라서 경혈의 특이성을 확보하지 못하였으며, 생체 구조 성분 추출을 통하여 세포 이온 변화에 따른 경혈의 특이성을 확보하기에는 한계점을 가지고 있다고 결론을 내렸다. The specificity of acupuncture point has been a highly controversial subject. Existing researches said that iondistribution differences are observed on the acupuncture point. This study was conducted under the assumption that multiple ionic changes induced by muscle fatigue would be different between the acupuncture point with non-acupuncture point. Methods : To induce the identical fatigue, twenty subjects performed the knee extension/flexion exercise using the Biodex System 3. ST32 and ST33 as well as adjacent non-acupuncture points were selected. We measured blood lactate and analyzed the median frequency(MF) and peak torque. To obtain the information on the extracellular fluid(ECW), intracellular fluid(ICW) and cell membrane indirectly, we used the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis(MF-BIA) method. Results : MF, peak torque and blood lactate level of all measurement sites were gradually returned to normal. Re resistance of ST32 had a stronger response, but a non-acupuncture point adjacent to ST33 had a larger response up to 20 minutes post exercise. Ri resistances were similar for both acupoints and non-acupoints. The Cm capacitance of ST32 had a stronger response after inducing fatigue, but ST33 had a smaller response than a non-acupuncture point adjacent to it. Conclusions : In comparison with before and after inducing fatigue, the specificity of acupuncture points was not clearly observed. Hence, we concluded that the body composition factors extraction method had the limitation as a method of finding the specificity of acupuncture points by inducing fatigue.