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KIM, Sun-Hee,YANG, Seung Hwan,KIM, Tae-Jong,HAN, Jeong-Sun,SUH, Joo-Won Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2009 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.73 No.6
<P><I>Arabidopsis</I> seedlings increased extracellular ATP (exATP) concentrations transiently in extracellular matrix (ECM) under hypertonic stresses. The increased transcription levels of two apyrase genes, <I>AtAPY1</I> and <I>AtAPY2</I>, in accordance with exATP accumulation, suggests active regulation of exATP concentration. <I>Arabidopsis</I> seedlings subjected to hypertonic stresses survived after incubation with β,γ-methyleneadenosine-5′-triphosphate, which usually causes cell death through competitive exclusion of ATP. This confirms that the enhanced viability was due to accumulated exATP. The increased concentration of hydrogen peroxide through NADPH oxidase expression suggests the possible importance of exATP in stress response under hypertonic stresses. The mRNA levels of exATP inducible genes (<I>AtMAPK3</I>, <I>AtACS6</I>, and <I>AtERF4</I>) and the reactive oxygen species inducible gene (<I>AtPAL1</I>) were increased by hypertonic stresses. We suggest that exATP accumulation plays a role as a regulatory mechanism in the hypertonic stress response in <I>Arabidopsis</I> seedlings.</P>
Paul, S.,Dubey, R.C.,Maheswari, D.K.,Kang, S.C. Butterworths ; Taylor Francis ; Elsevier Science 2011 Food control Vol.22 No.5
This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial potential of the essential oil and extracts of Trachyspermum ammi fruits against food borne and spoilage bacteria. The chemical compositions of the oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty compounds representing 91.39% of the total oil were identified. The extracellular ATP concentration, release of cell constituents and potassium ions from the bacterial cell were measured after treatment with essential oil of T. ammi at MIC concentration. The oil, and extracts of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol of T. ammi fruits displayed remarkable anti-bacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 2515, Enterobactor aerogens KCTC 2190 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The scanning electron microscopic studies also demonstrated inhibitory effect of the oil on the morphology of B. subtilis ATCC 6633 at the MIC concentration, along with the potential effect on cell viabilities of the tested bacteria.