고흥군의 HS2008 품목군 수출경쟁력 분석: 미국시장에서 경쟁국을 중심으로

정윤하,이광배,모수원 한국도서(섬)학회 2023 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.35 No.1

The primary data for this study is collected from the United Nations International Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade) and the Korea International Trade Association (KITA). The study’s data spans seven years from 2015 to 2021. Nine countries were selected as the top importers of the United States’ HS2008 products, which are Mexico, Canada, China, Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines, Ecuador, and Indonesia. This paper employs the constant market share model. Constant market share analysis, a popular technique for analyzing export performance, is a statistical technique that allows for the ex-post examination of changes in a country’s total exports or aggregate market share. Export growth has been divided into three components: import scale growth, competitive effects, and cross effect. The import scale growth effect equals the increase in exports if a country maintains its share of total world exports. The competition effect means, while the import scale of country remains unchanged, the export quantity variation caused by the influence of product qualities, prices or policies in the native country. The cross effect means the export quantity variation caused by the cross variation of the export structure in the native country and the import structure in the trading country, and it is caused by both the scale effect and the competition effect. In the case of Korea, competitiveness effect and higher market share in the United States drive and boost Korea's export growth of HS2008 product group, which accounts for most of Goheung county's exports. The impact of commodity composition has positive values throughout the study except for Korea for the period 2018-19. Mexico’s competitiveness has a positive effect on its HS2008 exports to the United States but Mexico’s export structure diminishes export performance. Canada’s competitiveness increases its exports a little and export structure has a positive effect. For Thailand and China, competitiveness reduces their exports significantly and their negative cross effects are great. Vietnam’s HS2008 exports increase greatly with higher competitiveness and favorable export structure, while the Philippines’ HS2008 exports decrease much with lower competitiveness and an unfavorable export structure.

인도시장에서 가공단계별 수출경쟁력과 수출활성화 방안 연구

강상구 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2023 전자무역연구 Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: This study examines the export competitiveness of major countries competiors of Korea—China, Japan, the U. S. and Germany—for items at each processing stage and major consumer goods in the Indian market, which is expected to have high potential for future economic growth in the New Southern Region. It also presents a plan to promote exports of korea. Composition/Logic: This study analyzed Korea's export competitiveness in the Indian market using the Trade Specialization Index(TSI), Market Share Expansion Ratio(MSER)-Export Similarity Reinforcement Ratio(ESDR), and Constant Market Share(CMS). Findings: The TSI analysis showed that Korea's export competitiveness was strengthened in semi-finished products, but weakened or lost in other items. Among major consumer goods, medical supplies and devices have strengthened their competitiveness. And household processed food and cosmetics have improved their competitiveness. In the MSER-ESDR analysis, export competitiveness with China, as wellas other countries, was weakened in major items at the processing stage. Among major consumer goods, the apparel sector showed weakened competitiveness compared with other countries. In the CMS analysis, it was found that Korea’s exports declined from 2005 to 2020, due to the competitiveness factors except for primary products and semi-finished products. During the pandemic, Korea’s competitiveness appears to have increased except for semi-finished products. Based on the results of this study, the measures to stimulate exports to the Indian market could be as follows. First, to promote of export through CEPA renegotiation with India, and second, to expand the export base by supplementing production network through localization. Lastly, to enhance government support for small and medium-sized export companies. Originality/Value: The study is meaningful in analyzing the export competitiveness of items at the processing stage and major consumer goods in the Indian market, which has the highest growth potential among the New Southern Regions. The results of this analysis are expected to be helpful to the companies planning to enter the Indian market and to help the government to establish appropriate economic policies.

한국 농식품의 대중국 수출경쟁력 분석

강상구(Sang Goo Kang) 중앙대학교 한국전자무역연구소 2016 전자무역연구 Vol.14 No.2

연구목적: 이 연구는 한국 농식품의 수출경쟁력을 분석함으로써 중국 시장에서 한국 농가공식품의 수출활성화 방안을 모색하여 향후 한국 농식품의 수출확대에 도움을 주는데 그 목적이 있다. 논문구성/논리: 본 논문은 중국의 농식품의 수출입 자료를 이용하여 무역특화지수, 시장비교우위지수, 시장점유율확장비율-수출유사성심화비율을 통해 중국 시장에서 한국 농식품의 수출경쟁력을 게산하였다. 논문의 구성은 제1장 서론이며, 제2장에서는 한국 농식품의 일반적인 고찰, 제3장에서는 중국시장에서의 수출경쟁력을 분석하고 제4장에서는 한국 농식품 수출경쟁력 확보 방안에 대해 알아보았다. 마지막으로 5장은 결론이다. 결과: 중국시장에서 한국 농식품의 수출경쟁력을 분석한 결과, 무역특화지수는 HS 17, 22품목을 제외하고 모두 수입특화품목으로 분류되어 수출경쟁력을 확보하지 못하고 있다. 시장비교우위지수는 2014년 현재 모두 1보다 적은 값을 가져 비교열위인 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로 MSER-ESDR은 미국을 제외한 인도네사아, 말레이시아, 일본에 대해서 수출경쟁력을 회복하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따른 수출경쟁력 확보방안으로 첫째, 국경간 전자상거래를 통한 수출 확대 둘째, 권역별 진출타킷 설정을 통한 소비자공략 셋째, 유통물류시스템 개선을 통한 비용절감 넷째, 한중FTA의 활용을 통한 시장점유율 확대 다섯째, 선택과 집중을 통한 정부 수출지원정책 강화를 제시할 수 있다. 독창성/가치: 한중 FTA가 발효됨으로써 위기에 봉착한 한국 농업의 새로운 돌파구를 모색하기 위해 중국시장에서 한국 농식품의 수출경쟁력을 분석한다. 그리고 이를 통해 현재 한국 농식품의 경쟁력을 확인하고, 이에 대한 수출경쟁력 확보방안을 마련하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 가진다. Purpose: This study explores the export promotion of Korean Agri-food market in China, by analyzing the export competitiveness of Korean agri-food. By doing so, it is to help the future of agri-food export in Korea. Composition/Logic: It calculated the Korea agri-food export competitiveness in the China market. It uses import and export data of agricultural products in China with trade-specialization index, market comparative advantage index, market share expansion rate-intensifying the export similarity rate. The structure of this study is composed of introduction in Chapter 1, general investigation of Korea agri-food in Chapter 2, analyzing the export competitiveness for the China market in Chapter 3 and exploring the measures for the Korea agri-food’s export competitiveness in Chapter 4. And the conclusion is in Chapter 5. Findings: The trade specialization index is unable to secure export competitiveness except for HS 17, 22 items, because Korean agri-food is classified as import speciality items. The market comparative advantage index, having a value less than 1, seems to be comparatively disadvantageous in 2014. Finally, MSER-ESDR appears to be recovering the export competitiveness for Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan, except for the U.S. Therefore the measures for export competitiveness are presented as follows; first, expanding export through cross-border e-commerce, second, targeting consumers via setting goals by region, third, saving cost by improving distribution & logistics system, fourth, expanding market share with the use of Korea-China FTA, fifth, enforcing the export supporting policy of the government through selection and concentration. Originality/Value: This paper analyses Korean export competitiveness of agricultural production in China market. It is intended to seek a breakthrough of Korean agriculture facing a crisis of Korea-China FTA. It is significant for examining the current competitiveness of Korean agri-food and providing the measures to secure the export competitiveness.

한·중 자동차부품산업의 수출경쟁력 비교 분석

김은영,서창배 한국아시아학회 2022 아시아연구 Vol.25 No.2

The automobile parts industry is a core industry that has great inter-industry association effects and affects the industrial sector. It is Korea's main export industry, ranking sixth in terms of exports and 36 percent of the surplus. However, exports of automobile parts and surpluses have been decreasing due to internal and external factors such as improved Chinese technology, GVC reorganization, U.S.-China trade dispute, COVID-19, low conversion ratio of electric vehicle parts, and widening technology gap with global parts makers. Therefore, it is time to prepare a plan to enhance competitiveness. Accordingly, this paper analyzed the export competitiveness of related-significant countries, and compared the export competitiveness between Korea and China in the automobile parts industry using Export Market Share(EMS), Trade Specialization Index(TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA), Contribution to the Trade Balance(CTB), and Export Similarity Index(ESI) models. The results of the study are as follows. First, the export competitiveness of related-significant countries are high in the order of EMS: Germany > US > Mexico, TSI: Korea > Japan > Poland, RCA: Mexico > Czech Republic > Poland, CTB: Poland > Korea > Mexico. Second, as a result of comparing Korea-China export competitiveness, Korea is more competitive than China, and other automobile parts have the highest competition. Third, when comparing the major trading countries of Korea and China, the United States is the largest export market and surplus partner in both countries. In terms of imports, Korea imports the most from China, and China imports the most from Germany and Japan. Overall, Korea's export competitiveness in the auto parts industry is superior to China and is one of the top in the global market. However, Korea's exports, trade balance, and competitiveness index are on the decline. Therefore, in order to enhance global export competitiveness, structural changes in export products and diversification of exporting countries using FTA and CPTPP are necessary. In addition, policy support such as R&D, source technology, and fostering small parts companies is needed.

동북아 국가의 수출경쟁력 분석

강상구 ( Sang-goo Kang ),김선진 ( Sun-jin Kim ) 한중사회과학학회 2017 한중사회과학연구 Vol.15 No.1

This study is for the basic research to understand the trend of environmental changes in major export markets and to redefine Korea`s export strategy by analyzing the export competitiveness of Korea, China and Japan in the US market and the export competitiveness of Korea and Japan in the Chinese market using TSI, MCA, and MSER-ESDR. In US market, Korean products are competitive in iron & steel, machinery, IT, Vehicles. and China has a comparative advantage in plastics, machinery and IT. In addition, Japan has a comparative advantage in the field of machinery and automobiles. In MSER-ESDR, Korea is shifting its export competitive disadvantages to weaker export competitiveness with China, and it is showing a steady export competitive advantage with Japan in terms of IT and machinery products. In the Chinese market, Korean products in all stages of processing were imported special items in 2014, while Japanese products were export special items in raw materials, parts and semi-finished products. MSER-ESDR has superior export competitiveness in intermediate parts and semi-finished products, while capital goods are strengthening export competitiveness and consumer goods are showing increasing export. The policy implications of this paper are as follows. it is necessary to secure price competitiveness by improving the level of utilization of Korea-US FTAs for export competitiveness in the US market of Korean products. In China Market, parts and semi-finished products should maintain technological differentiation by continuously pursuing high added value in the Chinese market and should strengthen export competitiveness through it.

Export Competitiveness Analysis of Philippine Carrageenan Products

Shantel Anne Nicole E. Chavez,Bates M. Bathan,Rona Camille M. Lizardo 아시아무역학회 2020 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.7 No.2

Purpose – The Philippines is a major player in world production and trade of seaweed and carrageenan. Refined and semi-refined carrageenan are the main seaweed exports of the country. This paper analyzed the competitiveness of Philippine carrageenan exports using time-series data from 1995 to 2019. Specifically, it described the global trends in export volume and value of carrageenan products; identified the major export destinations of Philippine carrageenan products; examined the export price and quality competitiveness of Philippine carrageenan products; identified the factors affecting the comparative advantage of Philippine carrageenan products; determined the problems related to the export competitiveness of Philippine carrageenan products; and provided policy recommendations. Design/Methodology/Approach – Descriptive analysis was used to describe the trends in the export volume and value of carrageenan products. The comparisons of quality standards for raw dried seaweeds and the carrageenan products in the Philippines are against its main competitors (i.e., People’s Republic of China and Indonesia), the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), and its major export destinations (i.e., the United States and the European Union). Export price ratio was used as an indicator of price competitiveness. A cross-country analysis of the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) for the carrageenan exports of the Philippines, Indonesia, and China from 1995-2019 was employed to examine export competitiveness since the RCA shows the relative advantage or disadvantage of a country to export a good. Tobit regression analysis was employed to identify the factors affecting the comparative advantage of Philippine carrageenan products. Findings – Results revealed that when compared with China and Indonesia, carrageenan exports of the Philippines were cheaper and more expensive, respectively. The country complies with the requirements set by JECFA but the United States and the European Union have more stringent quality requirements for carrageenan. The People’s Republic of China has stricter microbiological requirements for carrageenan compared to the Philippines. The quality standards for carrageenan in the Philippines and Indonesia were at par. The significant determinants of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index of the Philippines were RCA index of Indonesia, foreign exchange rate, and per capita gross domestic product of the European Union. Carrageenan processor-exporters in the Philippines experienced competition with China-based processors for raw dried seaweed input. The competition with Indonesia is also emerging as their carrageenan processing industry starts to expand. The incidence of ice-ice disease affects the quality of seaweeds for processing. Research Implications – The study recommended to: increase local seaweed production in the Philippines and strengthen market linkage between seaweed farmers and processors; provide technical assistance to farmers in order to prevent the development of non-indigenous pests and pathogens such as ice-ice disease in aquaculture areas; inclusion of specification for metal contamination in the Philippine National Standard for dried seaweed; adopt competition-based pricing to compete with carrageenan exports from Indonesia; secure position in major export markets, namely the US, Denmark, France, and Belgium; and expand on emerging markets.

Determinants of Export Competitiveness of the Manufacturing Industry

권선희 아시아.유럽미래학회 2024 유라시아연구 Vol.21 No.2

At a time when Korea's exports are slowing down due to rapid changes in the global trade, this study analyzes the determinants of export competitiveness by industry in the manufacturing sector and suggests implications. In this study, the 40 largest manufacturing industries were categorized according to their technology level, and the current comparative advantage index was utilized as a proxy variable to find factors that influenced export competitiveness according to industry characteristics. The results show that the factors affecting export competitiveness vary by industry and differ before and after the global financial crisis. First, R&D investment was found to have a positive effect on export competitiveness, with no differences across industries. However, the nonlinear relationship between the two variables shows differences by industry, with a nonlinear relationship in low-tech industries but no relationship in high-tech industries. This suggests that continuous R&D investment in high-tech industries can lead to export competitiveness. Second, labor productivity and capital productivity are found to have a positive impact on export competitiveness, but the statistical significance varies by industry technology level, suggesting that the impact of productivity varies by technology level. Third, an increase in the debt ratio is found to have a positive effect on export competitiveness for high-tech industries, but for low-tech industries, the debt ratio acts as a constraint and has a negative effect on export competitiveness. Finally, looking at the difference in coefficient values before and after the global financial crisis, the coefficient value of R&D investment is larger after the crisis than before the crisis, suggesting that the impact of R&D investment increased after the crisis. However, in the case of debt ratio and wages, the coefficient values are smaller after the crisis. These results suggest that policies to strengthen export competitiveness should take into account the technological level of the industry.

수출중소기업의 보유자원과 동적역량이 수출경쟁력에 미치는 영향 요인 연구: R&D역량의 매개효과 중심으로

탁구현,허철무 한국국제경영관리학회 2024 국제경영리뷰 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 수출중소기업역량이 수출경쟁력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 수출경쟁력을 제고하는 방안을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 수출중소기업의 역량을 보유자원과 동적역량으로 구분하고, R&D역량을 매개변수로 선정하여 총 7개의 가설을 세우고, 수출중소기업 임직원 대상으로 설문을 배포하여 총 233부 중 3개의 결측지를 제외하고 총 230부를 분석에 활용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 수출중소기업역량의 보유자원, 동적역량, R&D역량은 수출경쟁력에 유의적인 것으로 나타났고, 기업역량이 R&D역량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 R&D역량은 기업역량과 수출경쟁력 간을 매개하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 수출중소기업에서의 우수자원은 실질적인 R&D역량에도 많은 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 수출중소기업에서의 R&D역량이 중요한 요인이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 기존 선행연구에서의 수출성과에 대한 연구를 수출경쟁력으로 분석하였다는 점에 의의가 있으며, 수출중소기업이 수출경쟁력을 갖추기 위해서는 국제화를 위한 자원을 확보하고 지속적인 R&D역량을 보유하는 것이 가장 중요한 수출경쟁력이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 학문적 시사점으로는 기존 선행연구에서의 수출성과에 대한 연구를 수출경쟁력으로 분석하였다는 점에 의의가 있을 것이다. 실무적 시사점으로는 수출중소기업에서 가장 중요한 요인은 우수한 자원을 확보하여 조직을 구축하고 직무를 수행하는 것으로 정부지원 정책에 있어 우수자원에 대한 확보방안과 양성방안을 수립하여 계속해서 지원하는 방안이 필요할 것이다. 기존의 선행연구를 살펴보면 기업의 해외진출역량, 기술혁신성, 우수자원역량 등이 가장 중요한 요인이었고 환경이 빠르게 변화되고 있는 시점에서 모든 초점이 우수한 자원에 집중되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect export competitiveness of exporting SMEs and suggest ways to improve export competitiveness. The capabilities of exporting SMEs were categorized into fixed resources and dynamic capabilities, R&D capabilities were selected as a parameter, and a total of seven hypotheses were developed, and a questionnaire was distributed to employees of exporting SMEs, and a total of 230 questionnaires were used for analysis, excluding three defective questionnaires out of 233. The results of the study are as follows The resources, dynamic capabilities, and R&D capabilities of exporting SMEs were found to be significant for export competitiveness, and corporate capabilities were analyzed to influence R&D capabilities. It is confirmed that R&D capabilities mediate the relationship between firm capabilities and export competitiveness. This suggests that the excellent resources of exporting SMEs have a significant impact on their actual R&D capabilities, and that the R&D capabilities of exporting SMEs are an important factor. Therefore, this study is significant in that it analyzes the previous studies on export performance in terms of export competitiveness, and it can be seen that the most important export competitiveness for exporting SMEs is to secure resources for internationalization and to have continuous R&D capabilities. In terms of practical implications, the most important factor for exporting SMEs is to secure excellent resources to build an organization and perform their duties, and government support policies should continue to support them by establishing measures to secure and foster excellent resources. Previous studies have shown that overseas expansion capability, technological innovation, and excellent resource capability are the most important factors, and all the focus is on excellent resources at a time when the environment is changing rapidly.

한ᆞ일 수출경쟁력의 변화유형과 기술수준의 관계

김용열 대외경제정책연구원 2010 East Asian Economic Review Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to explore empirically whether export competitiveness of Korea and Japan has changed since 1990s. Unlike existing literature, we tried to grasp changing patterns of export competitiveness by new methodology such as belonging quadrant and moving direction, rather than simply showing its trend or comparison classified by industry. And we categorized 48 sectors into some technological levels, then analyzed how the change of export competitiveness is distributed by each technological level. When seeing ‘revealed comparative advantage’ and ‘trade specification index’, we found considerable changes in export competitiveness. Competitiveness of Korea has rapidly improved while that of Japan has been continuously decreasing. Especially the gap of competitiveness between Korea and Japan has largely reduced around the midterm of 2000s. Shrinking of the gap in export competitiveness has begun from the latter half of 1990s and first half of 2000s. Change of export competitiveness shows different trend by technology level. Korea has gained more competitiveness than Japan in high and middle level of technology. Korea shows upward tendency of competitiveness in mid and high technology, while Japan in low technology. Competitiveness gap between Korea and Japan is rapidly decreasing since the late 1990s, and curtailment of the gap is mainly happening in the high level of technological capabilities. 본 연구에서는 1990년대 이후 최근에 이르기까지 한국과 일본의 수출경쟁력을 분석하였다. 기존연구와 달리 단순히 수출경쟁력의 추이나 업종별 비교에 그치지 않고 소속분면과 이동방향의 새로운 방법론에 의해 변화유형을 입체적으로 파악하였다. 또한 48개의 부문들을 몇 개의 기술수준으로 나누고 각 기술수준별로 수출경쟁력의 변화가 어떠한 분포를 보이는지 분석하였다. 현시비교우위와 무역특화지수의 지표에 있어서 수출경쟁력에 상당한 변화가 일어나고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일본의 수출경쟁력은 지속적으로 저하하고 있는 반면 한국의 경쟁력은 급속히 높아지고 있다. 특히 한ᆞ일 간 수출경쟁력의 격차는 2000년대 중반을 전후하여 크게 줄어든 상태를 보였는데, 수출경쟁력의 격차 축소는 1990년대 후반과 2000년대 전반에 변화의 기반이 마련되었다. 수출경쟁력의 변화는 기술수준별로 서로 다른 추이를 보이고 있다. 고기술이나 중기술분야에서 한국의 수출경쟁력이 더 많은 빈도로 상승한 것으로 집계되었다. 고기술과 중 기술의 경우 한국이, 저기술의 경우 일본이 수출경쟁력 상승추세를 보이고 있다. 1990년대 후반 이후 한ᆞ일 간 수출경쟁력의 격차는 급속히 축소되고 있으며, 주로 기술수준이 높은 분야에서 격차 축소가 이루어지고 있다.

한국 김치산업의 수출경쟁력 및 수출강화에 관한 연구

김순자 ( Soon Ja Kim ),홍진영 ( Jin Young Hong ),배기형 ( Ki Hyung Bae ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2016 유통정보학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: Kimchi is a famous commodity of Korea. But now it is imported from China by large quantities. It is necessary to strengthening the export competitiveness of Korean kimchi on global markets. This paper deals with a export competitiveness of Korean Kimchi and export reinforcement strategies. Global market including Korean and Chinese distribution companies. The competitiveness of Kimchi industry in major country and world market are investigated and discussed in this paper. Research design, data, and methodology: From the perspective of export competitiveness, we calculated Trade Specification Index and Revealed Comparative Advantage Index based on UN Comtrade data. Results: The result of our analysis clearly shows that export competitiveness of Korean Kimchi reducing continually. And we also found that China become strong position in Korean and Japan market. Conclusions: Our results have important implications for strategy in Korean Kimchi industry to maximize export competitiveness. Using by SWOT analysis, we have suggest some strategies for export reinforcement. Increased confidence in the products with Korean kimchi material, relaxation of the SPS regulations, research on various recipes, product lines, design and packaging development for the global market will increase the competitiveness of Kimchi. Therefore Export prospects of kimchi are bright for neighboring countries, including China.