Effects of Acute High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function and Oxygenation in Prefrontal Cortex

( Hyukki Chang ),( Kyungae Kim ),( Yu-jin Jung ),( Morimasa Kato ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.2

[Purpose] Moderate-intensity exercise is known to be the best effective intensity to enhance cognitive function, including memory and learning. However, the effects of high-intensity exercise in comparison with moderate- intensity exercise on cognitive function remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on cognitive function. [Methods] Thirty-six healthy female college students volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were divided into four groups: (i) control group (CON); (ii) high-intensity resistance exercise group (HIR); (iii) high-intensity aerobic exercise group (HIA); and (iv) combined moderate-intensity exercise group (MIC). Immediately prior to and after exercise, the solved number (SN) and reaction times (RT) in the Stroop test (neutral task, NT and incongruent task, IT), as well as the tissue oxygen index (TOI) in the left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured in all groups. [Results] In the NT, both HIR and MIC groups showed significant improvements in SN and RT compared with the CON group. Meanwhile, performance in the HIA group was significantly attenuated compared with that in the MIC group. In the IT, only the MIC group showed a significant increase in SN and RT compared with the CON group. Furthermore, the TOI in the PFC (left PFC in the NT, and bilaterally in the IT) was significantly lower in the HIR group compared with that in the CON group. [Conclusion] The results of this study show worse cognitive performance and decreased PFC oxygenation in high-intensity exercise compared with moderate-intensity exercise and controls. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise may not improve cognition as effectively as moderate-intensity exercise.

신체활동 프로그램의 운동강도가 지적장애 중학생의 체력, BDNF 및 혈중지질에 미치는 영향

이미현,장홍영 한국융합학회 2019 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.10 No.12

The purpose of this study was to the effects of exercise intensities in physical activity of 8 weeks, on fitness, blood lipid for middle school students with intellectual disabilities. Participants of the research were allocated by low-intensity(n=8, 40∼54%HRR), middle-intensity(n=8, 55∼69%HRR), and high-intensity(n=9, 70∼85%HRR) exercise groups wirelessly. For setting and maintenance of individual exercise intensity, wireless heart rate monitor(RS-400, POLAR, Finland) was used. Fitness, BDNF, and blood lipid were measured equally before participating in physical activity and 8 weeks after participation. As a result, fitness and agility of high-intensity exercise group were significantly increased than low-intensity exercise group. BDNF of high-intensity exercise group was also significantly increased than low-intensity exercise group. For blood lipid, only total cholesterol showed differences by exercise intensity group and exercise group more than middle intensity showed significant reduction. In conclusion, when giving same exercise to middle school students with intellectual disabilities, fitness and BDNF were increased the mostly in high-intensity exercise group and total cholesterol was effective from the exercise of more than middle intensity. 본 연구는 지적장애 중학생을 대상으로 8주간의 신체활동 프로그램의 운동강도가 체력, BDNF 및 혈중지질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 연구참여자는 저강도(n=8, 40∼54%HRR), 중강도(n=8, 55∼69%HRR), 고강도(n=9, 70∼85%HRR) 운동집단으로 무선 할당 하였다. 개인별 운동강도 설정과 유지는 무선심박수 측정기(RS-400, POLAR, Finland)를 이용하였다. 체력, BDNF 및 혈중지질은 신체활동 프로그램 참여 전과 참여 8주 후에 동일하게 측정하였다. 연구결과, 체력은 근력과 순발력에서 고강도 운동집단이 저강도 운동집단보다 유의하게 증가하였다. BDNF도 고강도 운동집단이 저강도 운동집단보다 유의하게 증가하였다. 혈중지질은 총 콜레스테롤만 운동강도 집단에 따른 차이가 나타났으며 중강도 이상의 운동집단에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론적으로 지적장애 중학생들에게 동일한 운동량이 주어졌을 때 운동강도별에 따라 체력과 BDNF는 고강도 운동집단에서 가장 많이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 총콜레스테롤은 중강도 이상의 운동에서부터 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

The Effect of Antioxidants Supplementation and Exercise Intensity on the Lipid Peroxidation(MDA) and Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes(SOD)

Chung, Sung-Tai,Jun, Tai-Won,Jung, Deog-Jo 한국체육무용국제교류학회 2000 한국체육무용국제교류학회지 Vol.6 No.-

Jung, D.J. The effect of antioxidants supplementation and exercise on the lipid peroxidation(MDA) and activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidants supplementation and exercise intensity on the activities of lipid peroxidation. 42 students of middle school(M, 14.7+0.5yr) were participated in the maximal test before and after 5weeks antioxidants vitamin supplementation. The subjects were divided into two groups; vitamin C+E supplementation group(N=24), placebo group(N=24). Vitamin C+E supplementation and placebo groups were divided to three guoups; Non-exercise group(N=8), AT80%(low intensity) exercise group(N=8),AT110(high intensity) exercise group(N=8). To investigate the effect of antioxidants supplementation measured before and after the activities of Antioxidants enzymes at rest, immediately agter exercise, 90min recovery. Test protocol used maximal exercise testing(Astrand protocol; 0.5kp/2min) by cycle ergometer. The programs of Exercise groups were aerobic and fitness exercise for 5 weeks. Low intensity(AT 80%) group was exercised for 60min per day(5days/week) and high intensity(AT 110%) group was exercised for 120min. Vitamin C(2,000mg/day) and Vitamin E(1000IU/day) were given for 5 weeks. Venous blood samples were drawn at the forearm antecubital vein at rest, immediately after exercise, 90min recovery. The concentration of plasma malondialdehyde(MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were investigated in venous blood. The blood samples were stored at -80℃ and carried to laboratory immediately for analysis. The change of lipid peroxidation(MDA) caused by high intensity exercise(AT110%) but the other groups changed not. The concentration of MDA existed in intensity to add to oxidative stress. The change of lipid peroxidation caused by high intensity exercise was significantly different according to vitamin C+E supplementation. The concentration of MDA was decreased by vitamin C+E supplementation. The effect of vitamin C+E supplementation was beneficial to reducing the concentration of MDA caused by high intensity exercise. Vitamin C and vitamin E seem to have same mechanisms as antioxidant because they have synergistic effect each other. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) caused by high intensity exercise(AT110%). The activities of SOD were increased or decreased by vitamin C+E supplementation. The activities of SOD caused by high intensity exercise were significantly different according to vitamin C+E supplementation. The effect of vitamin C+E supplementation was beneficial to increasing SOD activities caused by high intensity exercise. In the high intensity exercise, vitamin C+E supplementation group was higher than placebo group in the activities of SOD.

운동 강도가 수면장애 모델 쥐의 혈 중 멜라토닌 농도에 미치는 영향

김희정 ( Hee Jung Kim ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2014 대한물리의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

PURPOSE:In this study, we tried to find out what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low intensity with high intensity exercise to sleep disordered rats induced by experiment. METHODS:We used male Sprague-Dawley rats which were 8weeks old and weighted 300g. They were supplied with water and food without any restriction. We kept the room temperature at 25℃ and controld the length of day and night in 12 hours blocks, respectively. We divided the rats 60 into 2 groups. To one group we applied low intensity exercise, and to the other we applied high intensity exercise for 15minutes per day over a period of 4 weeks. We extracted the blood from abdominal aorta before, after exercise, moved into EDTA tube, performed centrifugation. We decanted the serum 200㎕ from the blood into microcentrifuge tube by samples and moved into polypropylene culture tubes with micro pipette. We split enzyme solution 50㎕ into the tubes with melatonin direct kits and make them react at 37℃ for 2 hours. We split assay buffer 50㎕ into each tube and mixed melatonin tracer 50㎕ and melatonin antiserum 50㎕, respectively. After we made them react in room temperature, we decanted the superficial layer with a centrifuge and measured the activity for 1 minute by competitive method with γ-counter equipment. We draw a standard curve through logit-log graph with CPM(counts per minute) and counted the melatonin by B/B0. We conducted independent t-test to examine the homogeneous of melatonin value of before low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. We performed paired t-test to compare before and after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise, respectively. We carried out independent t-test to compare melatonin value after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. Significance level was .05. RESULTS:The RESULTS were as follows; firstly melatonin was more increased in the group who was exposed to high intensity exercise when we compared before to after high and low intensity exercise, respectively. Secondly, high intensity exercise was more effective than low intensity exercise when we compared the two. CONCLUSION:In CONCLUSION, secretion of melatonin which is the material of sleep improvement could be promoted by high intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise acted as a stress rather than improving sleep and had a negative effect on the secretion of melatonin because the melatonin was affected by stress..

The Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation and Exercise Intensity on the Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) and Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes (SOD)

( Sung Tai Chung ),( Tae Won Jun ),( Deog Jo Jung ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 1999 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.11 No.1

The effect of antioxidant supplementation and exercise intensity on the lipid peroxidation (MDA) and activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant supplementation and exercise intensity on the activities of lipid peroxidation. 42 middle school students(M, 14.7+05yr) participated in the maximal test before and after 5 weeks antioxidant vitamin supplementaion. The subjects were divided into two groups; vitamin C+E supplementation group(N=24) and placebo group(N=24). And then Vitamin C+E supplementation and placebo groups were divided into three groups; Non-exercise group(N=8) and AT80%(low intensify) exercise group(N=8), AT110%(high intensity) exercise group(N=8). To investigate the effect of antioxidant supplementation measured before and after the activities of Antioxidant enzymes at rest, immediately after exercise, after 90min. recovery. Test protocol used maximal exercise testing(Astrand protocol; 0.5kp/2min) by cycle ergometer. The programs of Exercise groups were aerobic and fitness exercise for 5 weeks. Low intensity(AT 80%) group was exercised for 60min. per day(5days/week) and high intensity(AT 110%) group was exercised for 120min. Vitamin C(2.000mg/day) and Vitamin E(1000IU/day) were given for 5 weeks. Venous blood samples were drawn at the forearm antecubital vein at rest, immediately after exercise, after 90min. recovery. The concentration of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in venous blood. The blood samples were stared at -80℃ and carried to laboratory immediately for analysis. The change of lipid peroxidation (MDA) was caused by high intensity exercise(AT110%) but there were not any change in the other groups. The concentration of MDA existed in intensity to add to oxidative stress. The change of lipid peroxidation caused by high intensity exercise was significantly different after vitamin C+E supplementation. The concentration of MDA was decreased by vitamin C+E supplementation. The effect of vitamin C+E supplementation was beneficial to reducing the concentration of MDA caused by high intensity exercise. Vitamin C and vitamin E seem to have the Same mechanisms as an antioxidant because they have synergistic effect on each other. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is caused by high intensity exercise(AT110%). The activities of SOD were increased or decreased by vitamin C+E supplementation. The activities of SOD roused by high intensity exercise were significantly different Because of vitamin C+E supplementation. The effect of vitamin C+E supplementation was Beneficial to increasing SOD activities caused by high intensity exercise. In the high intensity exercise, vitamin C+E supplementation group was stronger than placebo group in the activities of SOD.

운동강도의 차이가 안정시대사량 및 에너지 소비량에 미치는 영향

곽이섭,진영완,박찬호,Kawk Yi-Sub,Jin Young-Wan,Park Chan-Ho 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various exercise intensity on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), and thyroid hormonal changes in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) people. The subject of the present study were divided into two groups and four periods: trained (TR; n=6) and untrained (UT; n=6) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (R), Maximal (M), High intensity (H), and Low intensity (L). The percent body fat and RMR of all subjects were measured at every periods. The RMR was measured early in the morning following a 12-hour fast using MMX3B gas analyzer and blood sample were collected from the anticubital vein to investigate thyroid hormonal (T3, T4, Free T3, Free T4, & TSH) changes. All the RMR values were expressed as absolute value/BSA $(kcal/d/m^2)$. And We also analyzed mean energy expenditure for 30 minutes during and after different intensity exercise. There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in TR (p < .05) not in the UT group. however, there was no significant different percent body fat in TR and in UT group. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different between TR and UT in HEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) & LEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the TR group at H period and in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in TR group at L period, however there was no significant different in the UT group. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (TR) and untrained (VI). The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (M), high intensity exercise (H), and low intensity exercise (L). From the results, Low intensity of exercise (L), there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the TR not for the UT. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the TR group.

대사증후군 중년 여성의 12주간 저항운동시 운동강도에 따른 대사증후군 위험인자에 미치는 영향

김정훈(KimJung-hun),이한준(LeeHan-joon) 한국체육학회 2017 한국체육학회지 Vol.56 No.2

이 연구는 대사증후군 중년여성에게 12주간 저항운동 강도의 차이가 대사증후군 위험인자에 미치는 영향을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 피험자는 U시 지역 건강 보험공단 건강증진센터 운동프로그램에 참여한 사람 중 대사증후군 진단기준에 의거하여 대사증후군 판정을 받은 대상자 중 중년여성 80명을 네 집단(저강도 운동군, 중강도 운동군, 고강도 운동군, 대조군)으로 각각 나누어 무선배치 하였다. 탈락자를 제외하고 각 집단별 12명이 최종적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 본연구의 운동강도는 사전에 1RM을 측정 한 후 저강도(40%1RM), 중강도(70%1RM), 고강도(90%1RM)로 12주간 주 5회씩 집단별 저항 운동 프로그램을 실시하였다. 저항운동 전·후 측정항목은 대사증후군 위험인자로 허리둘레, 혈압, 혈당, 중성지방과 HDL-C를 측정 하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는 SPSS/ver 18.0을 이용하여 측정 항목별 평균(M)과 표준편차(SD)를 산출하였다. 집단간 차이검증은 집단간의 사전 값의 차이가 있기 때문에 사전검사 값을 공변량(covariate)으로 한 공분산 분석(ANCOVA)으로 분석하였고, 통계적으로 유의할 경우 사후검증으로 LSD를 실시하였고, 유의수준은 α= .05로 설정 하였다. 본 연구 절차를 통해 얻은 결론은 저항운동은 허리둘레, 이완기혈압, 혈당에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며, 운동강도는 중강도(70%1RM)가 저강도(40%1RM)나 고강도(90%1RM)보다 효과가 더 크다고 결론내릴 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance exercise intensity on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women who suffer from metabolic syndrome. This study selected 80 middle-aged women who participated in exercise program at the Health Center of the National Health Insurance Corporation U City Branch Office and randomly assigned them into 4 groups, which are control group(n=12), low intensity resistance exercise group(n=12), moderate intensity resistance exercise group(n=12), and high intensity resistance exercise group(n=12). The exercise intensity of this study was conducted within at 40% of 1RM by the low intensity resistance exercise group, at 70% of 1RM by the moderate intensity resistance exercise group, and at 90% of 1RM by the high intensity resistance exercise group after measuring their 1RM. The program was designed to do resistance exercises 5 times a week for 12 weeks among the groups. The risk factors of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, TG, HDL-C) was measured before and after the resistance exercise. In terms of data, the mean and the standard deviation of each measurement item were calculated by using SPSS ver. 18.0, and the ANCOVA that used the value for the pre-test as a covariate was chosen because there was a difference among groups. Post-verification of LSD was conducted when there is a statistically significant difference. The level of significance was decided at α = .05. The conclusion obtained from this study indicated as follows. The risk variables of metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, diastolic pressure, blood glucose had an effect on resistance exercise. And the moderate intensity(70%1RM) resistance exercise was more effective than low intensity(40%1RM) and high intensity(90%1RM) resistance exercise.

운동강도 차이가 비만 중년여성의 염증반응 지표와 인슐린저항성에 미치는 영향

고경국,손부식,강설중 대한운동학회 2015 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.17 No.2

[PURPOSE] This study was carried out in order to find out the effects of exercise intensity in walking exercise program for 12 weeks on inflammatory response index and insulin resistance in obese middle-aged women. [METHODS] The subjects consisted of the moderate-intensity exercise group(n=10), high-intensity exercise group(n=10), and control exercise group(n=10). Each group had exercised 5 times a week for 12 weeks with the treadmill. The moderate-intensity exercise group had exercised for 50 minutes at 40~60% of heart rate reserve and the high-intensity group had exercised for 40 minutes at 60~80% of heart rate reserve. The changes of obesity index, inflammatory response index and insulin resistance in each group were measured and analyzed at pre- and post- walking exercise program for verifying exercise effectiveness. [RESULTS] The obesity index(weight, % fat and waist circumference), inflammatory response index(TNF--α, IL-6 and hs-CRP) and insulin resistance(blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR) of obese middle-aged women after walking exercise program were significantly decreased compared to pre-program, but there was no exercise intensity effects. [CONCLUSIONS] Moderate and high intensity exercise had the positive effects on reduced inflammatory reaction and insulin resistance induced by obesity, but they were not exercise intensity-dependent.

운동생리학 : 운동 강도의 차이에 따른 최대하 운동이 혈중 스트레스 호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향

박성태(SungTaePark) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Exercise is of benefit to many aspects of health, but exhaustive exercise above specific intensity sans to be related to the some side effect of exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of various exercise intensities on the change of stress hormones Particularly, use intend to apply the same volumes of exercise to examine only the pure effects of exercise intensity. 7 healthy young males(age : 25.6±1.5, VO2max: 56.0±2.7 ml/kg/min) participated in four trials. At each trial, subjects ran on the treadmill at the respective intensities corresponding to 50%, 65%, 75%, 85% of VO2max. They exercised for different duration so that energy expenditure was equal to all subjects(400kca1). The order of the trials was randomized and separated by one week. Blood was obtained at rest, immediately after exercise, and at 90 min after exercise to measure epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol.The concentration of catecholamine was increased immediately after exercise more than baseline level(epinephrine: p〈.05, norepinephrine; p〈.01) and norepinephrine was decreased at recovery 90 min more than immediately after exercise at 75% and 85% of VO2max. In the effort of exercise intensity, the concentration of norepinphrine at 85% intensity was higher than the at 50%, 65% intensities immediately after exercise. Cortisol level at 85% intensity was higher than those at other intensities.In conclusion, the concentrations of norepinephrine and cortisol were affected by exercise intensities and at the 85% of VO2max, the concentrations was higher than any other intensities.

운동강도 차이가 혈중 에너지 기질 및 호르몬 반응에 미치는 영향

고영찬(Yeong Chan Ko),김영표(Young Pyo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.37

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different exercise intensity on energy substrates and hormone responses. The subjects for this study were 10 healthy male college students, and participated in three exercise trials. At each trial, subjects ran on the treadmill at the respective exercise intensities corresponding to 40%(low), 60%(moderate), 80%(high) of VO2max for 30min bout of acute exercise. The order of the trials was randomly assigned into three exercise intensities by one week. Blood sample was taken from antecubital vein at rest, immediately after exercise, and recovery 30 min. The results of this study are as follow; The concentration of FFA was significantly increased at post-exercise more than rest and recovery 30 min at 40%, 80% of VO2max, and recovery 30 min at 60% of VO2max. The concentration of insulin was significantly decreased at post-exercise more than rest and recovery 30 min at 40%, 60%, 80% of VO2max. The concentration of epinephrine was significantly increased at post-exercise more than rest and recovery 30min at 60%, 80% of VO2max, and in the effect of exercise intensity, at 80% intensity was higher than at 40%, 60% intensities at immediately after exercise. The concentration of norepinephrine was significantly increased at post-exercise more than recovery 30 min at 60% of VO2max, rest and recovery 30 min at 80% of VO2max, and in the effect of exercise intensity, at 80% intensity was higher than those at 40%, 60% intensities, and at 60% intensity was higher than those at 40% intensity at immediately after exercise. In conclusion, the concentration of energy substrate, insulin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were affected by various exercise intensities.