망고 수입이 국내 과일수요에 미친 영향

조재환 ( Jae Hwan Cho ) 한국농업정책학회 2018 농업경영정책연구 Vol.45 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of mongo imports on the domestic fruits demand with the differenced LA/AIDS. For the demand for imported mango, its own price elasticity (-1.22) and expenditure elasticity (1.26) are very elastic. Therefore, the tariff reduction according to FTA schedules is expected to increase rapidly imported mango demand with the increase of national income. On the other hand, the impact on domestic fruits demand is expected to be insignificant except domestic mongo demand. Meanwhile, from 2012 to 2017, domestic mango demand rose 9.95% annually due to its own price reduction with national income increase. Therefore, the efforts to decrease production costs and differentiate quality will be important in order to increase domestic mango demand steadily.

생산국별 수입 밀의 국내시장 점유율 결정요인 분석

조덕래 진주산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The objective of this study is to analyze the import demand behavior for wheat in Korea in order to provide some basic information to policy-makers and importers who are interested in the efficiency of import. In particular, this study focuses on the analysis of import demand by country under the assumption that wheat is different in quality by place of production. The analytic model used in this study to analyze import demand is the two stage estimation method. In the first stage, the total import demand functions are estimated for wheat. And the import demand functions of each country are estimated in the second stage. Major findings of this study are summarized as follows : First, the import price elasticity and the domestic production quantity elasticity of the total import demand for wheat are very low. But the domestic price elasticity and the income elasticity are relatively high. Second, the own price elasticity of American wheat is low, but cross price elasticities of import demand for other countries with respect to the American wheat price are very high. Therefore, taking notice of the price change of American wheat and diversifying importing countries are important to incease the efficiency of wheat import.

한국의 시계열자료를 이용한 담배수요의 가격탄력성 추정

이영(Young Lee),나성린(Seong-Lin Na) 한국경제연구학회 2007 한국경제연구 Vol.19 No.-

본 논문은 1965년부터 2005까지 41년간 우리 나라의 담배소비량과 가격에 대한 시계열자료를 이용하여 담배수요의 가격탄력성을 추정하였다. 우리 나라 담배 수요의 가격탄력성이 매우 낮다고 보고되었던 기존 문헌과는 달리, 시간추세를 통제하게 되면 총담배수요의 가격탄력성과 국내산 담배의 가격탄력성이 각각 -0.20과 -0.31로 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 추정되었고, 표본기간을 담배수입이 자유화된 1988~2005년으로 한정하면 이 두 탄력성의 추정치는 각각 -0.50과 -0.79로 높아졌다. 담배에 대한 제세공과금과 지난 기의 담배가격을 도구변수로 사용하여 담배가격의 내생성을 통제하는 경우에도 탄력성은 다소 감소하나 여전히 통계적으로 1% 수준에서 유의하였다. 본 논문의 실증분석 결과는 담배의 제세공과금 10% 인상이 약 4.5%의 담배수요 감소를 유도하는 것으로 해석될 수 있는데, 이는 담배관련 제세공과금의 인상이 담배소비 감소에 효과적일 수 있음을 의미한다. This paper estimates the price elasticity of tobacco demand using the macro time-series data on tobacco consumption in Korea covering 41 years from 1965 to 2004. Unlike the previous studies on price elasticity of tobacco demand in Korea, this paper finds that the price elasticity of tobacco demand is estimated to be significantly different from zero. After controlling the time trend and its square term, we find that the estimated price elasticity is -0.20 and -0.31, respectively for total tobacco demand and tobacco demand for domestic products. When the sample period is restricted to more recent period from 1988 to 2004, the estimated coefficients become larger to -0.50 and -0.79. Controlling for endogeneity of tobacco price by applying Ⅳ estimation using the tobacco taxes as Ⅳ leads to slightly smaller estimated elasticities, which still remain statistically significant at 1% level. Our empirical results imply that a 10% increase in tobacco taxes would lead to approximately 4.5% decrease in tobacco quantity demanded, indicating the potential effectiveness of tobacco taxes in decreasing tobacco consumption in Korea.

환경 쿠즈네츠 곡선을 활용한 대기오염 배출량의 오일 가격 탄력성과 사회적비용 탄력성 추정

김용빈 재단법인 에너지경제연구원 2015 에너지경제연구 Vol.14 No.3

대기오염 감축에는 많은 비용이 소요되며 이는 결국 경제성장의 저해요인으로 크게 작용할 수 있기 때문에 최근 대기오염을 감축 또는 피해를 최소화하는 정책들이 실시되고 있다. 따라서 경제 성장과 대기오염간의 관계를 환경쿠즈네츠곡선(EKC)가설을 이용하여 면밀히 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 1980 ~ 2012년까지의 OECD 34개국을 대상으로 1인당 GDP와 환경오염물질(황산화물, 질소산화물, 일산화탄소, 휘발성유기화합물, 온실가스)간의 관계를 EKC이론을 바탕으로 사회적 비용과 수입원유가격, 인구밀도, 정부소비비중, 무역의존도 변수를 추가하여 탄력성을 추정하였다. 변수는 로그 변환을 하였으며, 고정효과 패널 분석기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 주요 본 논문의 분석결과는 적절한 부호와 통계적으로 유의한 계수값으로 역U자형, N자형, 계속증가 형태의 EKC곡선이 추정되었으며, 오염 물질별 소득 전환점(GDP)을 계산하여 제시하였다. 본 논문이 제시한 분석결과는 각 오염원별 오염방지를 위한 연구와 정책에 참고 및 비교할 수 있는 자료가 될 것이다. This paper estimated elasticity between economic growth and pollution needs to closely examine the environmental Kuznets curve by (EKC) hypothesis. this paper used variables such as per capita GDP(targets OECD 34 countries from 1980 to 2012) and environmental pollutants (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, greenhouse gases) social costs and revenues relationships based on the EKC theory between Crude oil prices, population density, specific gravity government consumption, trade dependent variable. Variable was a log-transformed and analyzed using a fixed effects panel analysis. The main results of this paper is the proper sign and an statistically significant coefficient inverse U-shaped, N-shaped form of the EKC curve was estimated, the turning point pollution Income (GDP) calculations were presented. This paper gives results of this analysis will be a material that can see and compare the research and policy for the prevention of pollution by each pollutant.

Asymptotic option pricing under the CEV diffusion

Park, S.H.,Kim, J.H. Academic Press 2011 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.375 No.2

In finance, many option pricing models generalizing the Black-Scholes model do not have closed form, analytic solutions so that it is hard to compute the solutions or at least it requires much time to compute the solutions. Therefore, asymptotic representation of options prices of various type has important practical implications in finance. This paper presents asymptotic expansions of option prices in the constant elasticity of variance model as the parameter appearing in the exponent of the diffusion coefficient tends to 2 which corresponds to the well-known Black-Scholes model. We use perturbation theory for partial differential equations to obtain the relevant results for European vanilla, barrier, and lookback options. We make our application of perturbation theory mathematically rigorous by supplying error bounds.

담배가격이 담배수요에 미치는 영향

홍성훈 한국보건경제정책학회 2017 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.23 No.4

This paper investigates the impact of cigarette price on cigarette consumption using time-series data from 1981 to 2016. I estimate the cigarette demand function by Hatanaka’s two step method to control for the first order autocorrelation and endogeneity problems of past and future cigarette consumption variables while the trending mechanism is included as regressors to control for non-stationarity of variables. The estimation results show that future cigarette consumption does not affect current cigarette consumption. However, the estimation results employing myopic addiction model show that an increase in current cigarette price reduces the amount of current cigarette consumption while a decrease in past cigarette consumption increases it. This implies that the effect of an increase in cigarette price on the reduction of cigarette consumption is relatively strong in this term, but it is diminishing in the year after. A 10% increase in cigarette price reduces cigarette consumption by 6.3% in the short run, but by 5.0%~5.4% in the long run.

수입 오렌지와 국내산 과일 수요의 가격 및 지출 탄력성 추정

노수정,이상학,조재환 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 농촌경제 Vol.35 No.4

The Rotterdam demand model, first proposed by Theil and Barten, is used to find estimates of price and expenditure elasticities of imported fruits and domestically produced fruits in Korea. This model consists of 6 demand equations of apple, pear, tangerine, sweet persimmon, orange and banana. The major implications with the estimates of individual price and expenditure elasticities are summarized as follows. The demand for orange is expected to increase by 38.1% if seasonal duties would be abolished in 2018 in accordance with the Korea-U.S. free trade agreement. Also the demand for Korean pear would decrease by 19.9% as a consequence of the substitution effect. We also found that price elasticity of imported orange with respect to the demand for Korean tangerine is not statistically significant. This implies that Korean tangerine is mostly sold from Oct. to Feb. while imported orange is mostly sold from Mar. into the summer months every year.

우리나라 전력부문의 환경유해보조금 개편 효과분석: 산업용 교차보조금 개편을 중심으로

강만옥 ( Man Ok Kang ),황욱 ( Uk Hwang ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2010 환경정책연구 Vol.9 No.1

고유가 시대인 현실에서 우리나라는 화석연료에 대한 의존도가 높아 저탄소 녹색성장이 가능한 경제사회 구조로의 전환이 시급하다. 현재 화석연료 사용과 관련된 보조금 개편은 환경에 유해한 투입요소에 대한 보조금을 감축 또는 제거하여 경제적 효율성을 제고하고 환경 피해를 완화시켜 사회 전체적으로 편익을 가져올 수 있는 Win-Win 효과가 기대되는 정책방안이다. 특히, 우리나라 전력부문에서 시행되는 보조금 제도 중에서 산업용, 농업용 및 심야전력에 대한 교차보조금의 경우, 전체 전력부문 보조금의 80% 이상을 차지하는 가장 큰 규모인데 본 논문은 전력부문 환경유해보조금 가운데 가장 큰 비중(연간 약 1조 6,583억원)을 차지하는 교차보조금 제도 중에서 산업용 전기의 환경유해보조금 개편 시 기대될 수 있는 파급효과를 가격탄력성 추정을 통해 파악하였다. 가격탄력성 추정에는 ARDL(자기회귀시차분포) 모형을 이용하였고, 기본 데이터는 1990년부터 2007년까지의 분기별 자료를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서 환경유해보조금 제거로 산업용 전력에 대한 연간 에너지 수요변화량은 -12,475,930MWh만큼 사용량이 감소할 것으로 추정되었으며, 이산화탄소 배출량의 경우를 보면 연간 2,644,897톤이 감소하는 것으로 추정되어 보조금 폐지가 이산화탄소 저감에 상당한 기여를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 EU에서 제시한 오염물질 단위당 환경오염비용을 이용하여 배출저감량을 금액으로 환산하면 산업용 전력보조금 제거로 연간 약 1조 1,914억원의 환경개선편익 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 이산화탄소의 경우 톤당 25유로를 적용하여 계산하면 산업용 전력보조금 제거로 연간 약 1,062억원의 환경개선편익이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. Since the Republic of Korea is highly dependent on fossil fuels despite high oil prices, it urgently needs to renew its economic and social system to cut carbon emissions and achieve green growth. Therefore, reforming or eliminating subsidies related to the use of fossil fuels is a timely and oppropriate policy recommendation for Korea. It would be a win-win deal for Korean society as it would not only reduce the use of environmentally harmful fossil fuels but also enhance economic efficiency. In particular, cross-subsidies for industrial, agricultural and night thermal-storage power services make up more than 80 percent of all subsidies provided to the entire electric power industry sector of Korea. Of these cross-subsidies, this paper analyzes the electricity subsidy for industries, which takes up the largest share (about KRW 1.6583 trillion yearly), among the environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector. Thus, the paper focuses on the analysis of ripple effect anticipated when this is reformed. To examine the effects of this subsidy reform, price elasticities were estimated using the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) model and quarterly data from 1990 to 2007. The main results of this study show that 1) annual energy demand for electric power in the industrial sector would drop by 12,475,930MWh and 2) CO2 emissions would plummet by 2,644,897 tons per year if the subsidy were reformed. We can deduct from this that the abolition of environmentally harmful subsidies in the electric power sector in the Republic of Korea would considerably contribute to CO2 emissions abatement in the country.

The Price Elasticity of Selective Demand: A Meta-Analysis of Econometric Models of Sales

제라드 텔리스 American Marketing Association 1988 Journal of Marketing Research Vol.25 No.4

소득 및 가격 탄력성을 이용한 지역 및 소득계층별 주택수요에 관한 연구

김순용(Soon Yong Kim),박헌수(Heon Soo Park) 서울연구원 2015 서울도시연구 Vol.16 No.2