환경 UCC에 나타난 생물과 예비 교사의 환경 문제 인식과 환경관에 대한 분석

유희영(Hee-Young Ryu),심규철(Kew-Cheol Shim),소금현(Keum-Hyun So),여성희(Sung-Hee Yeau) 한국환경교육학회 2012 環境 敎育 Vol.25 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of environmental awareness and environmental worldviews on environmental UCCs which made by 27 pre-service biology teachers, and relationship between environmental awareness and environmental worldviews of them. Environmental worldviews were divided into planetary management worldview, stewardship worldview and environmental wisdom worldview. As for theme fo environmental UCCs, most of pre-service teachers chose themes such as environmental destruction, environmental protection, environmental conservation and coexistence with human and environment. Themes of environmental UCCs were somewhat different between females and males. Female pre-service teachers preferred UCC themes related to human’s daily life as a consumer but males preferred to environmental protection. Many pre-service teachers referred that major cause of environmental problem was development of environment. Most of them had envionmental wisdom worldview, and tried to use fear appeal to express ways of solving of environmental problems and envieonmnetal worldviews. After making environmental UCCs, more pre-service teachers had envionmental wisdom worldview. This result implies that it is necessary to develop pre-service educational programs realted to environmental worldview formation.

북한의 환경인프라 조성을 위한 환경협력 연구

명수정 ( Soojeong Myeong ) 한국환경연구원 2017 수시연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.-

환경의 보존과 지속가능한 발전은 남과 북 모두에게 시급한 과제이다. 환경 보호와 관리가 우선순위에 있지 못한 북한은 지속적으로 환경이 훼손되어 왔으며 대기와 수질 같은 환경 질이 주민들의 건강을 위협할 정도인 것으로 추측된다. 생태계는 서로 연결되어 있어 북한의 환경상태는 북한 뿐 아니라 남한의 생태와 경제에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이는 미래 통일 비용의 증가로 이어질 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 북한의 환경을 개선하고 한반도의 지속가능한 발전을 도모하기 위해 북한의 환경현황과 북한이 특히 필요로 하는 환경인프라를 파악하고 환경협력 추진 전략을 제안하였으며, 이를 위해 문헌분석과 북한이탈주민 및 전문가 대상 설문조사를 추진하였다. 북한의 환경현황과 필요 환경인프라를 요약하면, 첫째, 대기분야의 경우 북한은 에너지원부족으로 저 품질 석탄과 나무를 연료로 사용하여 대기오염물질이 많이 배출되어 대기오염에 대한 노출이 심한 것으로 추정된다. 특히 난방과 취사 시 연료 연소로 인한 생활 속 대기오염물질의 발생을 줄여야 하는데, 북한은 오염방지시설이 낡고 에너지 효율이 낮아 대기오염 물질 배출이 더 심각하므로 발전소나 공장과 같이 연료를 많이 연소하는 시설에는 반드시 대기오염물질을 처리하는 집진시설 등이 마련되어야 하며 청정에너지 도입도 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 북한은 실질적인 상수도보급률이 낮을뿐더러 유수율이 높아 깨끗한 물에 대한 실제 접근성은 낮은 것으로 추정된다. 또한, 많은 경우 생활하수와 공장용 폐수를 제대로 처리하지 않은 채 하천으로 직접 유출하는 것으로 추측되며, 분뇨를 비료로 활용하여 음용수 오염과 수인성 전염병의 발생이 우려된다. 따라서 정수장과 하수처리장 및 상하수도 공급망의 구축이 시급하다. 셋째, 북한은 물자 부족으로 인해 폐기물 발생량은 많지 않은 것으로 보인다. 그러나 폐기물을 수거 및 처리하는 관련 인프라가 제대로 마련되지 않아 처리되지 않은 폐기물로 인한 토양과 지하수 오염 위험이 높다. 따라서 폐기물의 수거와 재활용 등 전 과정에 걸친 인프라가 필요하다. 또한 토양오염은 지하수 오염으로 이어질 수 있어 지하수를 음용수로 사용하는 지역에서는 주민의 건강에 큰 위협이 될 수 있다. 토양오염 정화는 그 효과 또한 단시간에 저예산으로 얻을 수 있는 것이 아니므로 토양이 오염되지 않도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 넷째, 북한은 지속적으로 농경지가 늘고 산림이 줄어들며 토지가 황폐해지고 있다. 산림이 훼손되면 생물다양성 감소로 이어질뿐더러 자연이 주는 생태계서비스를 제공받기 어려우므로 훼손된 생태계 복원과 그린 인프라 조성도 시급하다. 환경오염의 처리와 복원은 단시간에 이루어지기 어려우므로, 북한의 환경개선을 위해서는 하폐수 및 폐기물과 같은 환경오염을 처리하는 환경기초시설의 구축이 가장 시급하다. 뿐만 아니라 환경기초 현황을 모니터링할 수 있는 환경오염 측정망을 구축하고 환경영향평가와 같이 사전에 환경훼손과 무분별한 개발을 저지할 수 있는 제도 도입도 필요하며, 환경의 중요성에 대한 인식제고를 위한 환경교육도 필요하다. 현재로는 정치군사적 상황으로 남북협력의 추진이 요원하므로 환경인프라 조성을 위한 협력사업은 우선적으로는 국제사회와 연계하여 추진하며, 협력사업 추진 여건이 개선되면 점차 남북 당사자간의 직접적인 협력을 추진해나갈 필요가 있다. 현재와 같이 대북제재가 심각한 상황에서는 북한의 취약계층을 고려하여 물과 위생 및 식량과 같은 인도주의 사업과 연계하여 국제기구와 함께 사업을 추진해 나가야 할 것이다. 환경인프라 조성을 위해서는 무엇보다 환경산업이 참여해야 한다. 인프라의 조성은 초기에는 마을 단위의 소규모 환경인프라 조성을 시범사업으로 추진하며, 남북 환경협력 추진의 여건이 개선되면 교류가 많은 경제특구 지역을 중심으로 중규모 환경인프라 조성을, 관계가 더욱 개선될 경우 지역 단위의 대규모 환경인프라 조성으로 점차 확대해 나가는 전략이 필요하다. 환경산업을 통한 환경인프라 조성은 환경보호에 들어가는 비용을 새로운 성장동력으로 이어지게 할 것이며, 남북이 윈윈하는 협력체계 구축과 한반도의 지속가능한 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Environmental cooperation and sustainable development are urgent tasks to both South and North Koreas. As it seems that North Korea does not prioritize environmental protection and management, she continuously degraded environment, and thus the environmental status of North Korea even threaten people’s health. Ecosystems are interconnected. Therefore, although divided, North Korea’s environmental status can impact South Korea’s ecosystem and economy, which can increase the reunification expense. With such a background, this study aimed to understand the environmental status and necessary environmental infrastructures, and suggests environmental cooperation strategies for the sustainable development on Korean Peninsular. In order to identify the environmental status and the infrastructures which North Korea needs, this study conducted literature review and survey with defectors from North Korea and also the professionals in environment. The result shows, firstly, in the area of atmosphere, it seems that North Korea is exposed greatly to the atmospheric pollutants, because North Korea uses mainly woods and low quality coals as fuel due to the energy shortage. Therefore, it seems necessary to reduce the air pollutants emissions from heating and cooking at home. Factories, which burn a great amount of fuels, should install modern air pollutants control equipments since the old pollution control facilities are aged and inefficient. Also clean energy should be introduced. Secondly, as the actual water supply rate is low and the leakage from water supply is high, it seems the accessibility to clean water in North Korea is pretty low. In addition, it is urgent to establish water supply and sewage system channels properly since North Korea dumps domestic and industrial waste water to rivers without treatment, and since night soils are used as agricultural fertilizers. In fact, the outbreak of water supply pollution and waterborne infection are greatly worried. Thirdly, although the amount of solid waste generation is not high due to the shortage of supplies, since the basic system for solid waste collection and treatment facilities are not so well established, it is worried that soil and ground water are under great danger of contamination. Thus, life-cycle infrastructures for solid waste collection and recycle are necessary. Soil pollution can result in ground water pollution which can be a great threat to the people who use the ground water as potable water. As cleanup of contaminated soils cannot be done within a short time, it is important not to have soils polluted. Fourthly, North Korea has the agricultural land increased and the forested area decreased seriously and overall the country’s land environment has been degraded. Once forests are damaged, biodiversity loss occurs and it is hard to have the benefit of ecosystem service. Therefore, it is urgent to establish the green infrastructure and restore the damaged ecosystem. The cleanup of environmental pollution and restoration cannot be acquired within a short time. It is urgent to establish environmental facilities such as wastewater treatment facilities and solid waste treatment facilities in order to improve environment in North Korea. Also, it is necessary to introduce environmental policies such as environmental impact assessment which can prevent environmental damage and excessive development in advance and establish the environmental monitoring system. It is also important to have the environmental education which can help increas awareness of the importance of the sound environment. For now it is far from environmental cooperation between North and South Koreas due to the political and military circumstances. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue cooperation projects using the network of international society first, and then purse direct cooperation between two Koreas as the circumstances improve. When sanctions for North Korea is heavy like these days, it is necessary and wise to work with international societies on humanitarian projects for water, nutrition and hygienes, considering the vulnerable class. In order to establish environmental infrastructures, it is necessary, most of all, for environmental industry to participate. For the early stage, it is necessary to have show-case projects for small-scale infrastructures on village levels, and then, once the circumstances improve, the middle-scale infrastructures for special economic zones. When finally two Koreas’s relationship gets way better, the establishment of large-scale infrastructures should be made. The establishment of environmental infrastructures, through environmental industry, will transform environmental expenses into new drivers of economic growth, and consequently, the win-win cooperations between the two Koreas will be set. This will contribute to the sustainable development and flourishment on the Korean peninsula.

Review of Environmental Radiation Monitoring Strategy in Nuclear Emergency

Bongseok Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

When the leakage of radioactive material or radiation to the environment or a concern, it is important to accurately understand the impact on the environment. Therefore, environmental effects evaluation using modeling based on meteorological data and source-term data is carried out, or environmental radiation monitoring which is an emergency response activity that directly measures dose is performed. As lessons learned from the Fukushima accident, environmental effects evaluation and modeling cannot utilize during the emergency and decision-making process for protective action for the public. Thus, rapid environmental radiation monitoring is required. In Korea, when an emergency is issued at a nuclear facility, urgent environmental radiation monitoring is conducted based on the national nuclear emergency preparedness and response plan, which can provide important information for decisionmaking on public protective actions. A review of strategies for urgent environmental radiation monitoring is important in performing efficient emergency responses. The main purpose of urgent environmental radiation monitoring is to gather data for decisionmaking on public protective actions to minimize the damage from the accident. For effective data collection and distribution, support from the national and local government and local public organizations and radiation expertise groups, and nuclear facility licensee are required. In addition, an emergency environmental radiation monitoring manual is required to immediately perform environmental monitoring in an emergency situation. The manual for emergency monitoring should include the activities to be conducted according to the phases of the emergency. The phases of the emergency are divided into pre-leakage, post-leakage, intermediate, and recovery. The reasons for establishing strategies are government and public information, the implementation of urgent population protection countermeasures, predicting and tracking plume trajectory, and detection of any release, the protection of emergency and recovery workers, the implementation of agricultural countermeasures and food restrictions, the implementation of intermediate- and recovery-phase countermeasures, contamination control. Besides meteorological data, ambient dose rate and dose, airborne radionuclide concentration, environmental deposition, food, water, and environmental contamination, individual dose, and object surface contamination data are also required for making information for the public.

환경동화에 기초한 극놀이 활동이 유아의 환경친화적태도 및 환경보전지식에 미치는 영향

채영란,임성혜,박유영 한국영유아교원교육학회 2011 유아교육학논집 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dramatic play using environmental-fairy tales on young children's environment-friendly attitudes and the environmental preservation knowledge. The subjects used in this study were 44 young children who attended a kindergarten in G city. The mean age of the subjects was 67.56 months. The experimental group participated in ‘Dramatic play using environmental-fairy tales' while comparison group participated in 'Discussion activity using environmental-fairy tales'. It used 'The Environment-friendly Attitudes Test' and 'The Environmental Preservation Knowledge Test' in the collection of data and t-test was used to analyze the data. Significant effects of experimental treatment were analyzed. It was revealed that there are significant differences between the experimental group and the comparison group in the post-tests core of environment-friendly attitudes and environmental preservation knowledge. In conclusion, the result soft his study suggested that dramatic play using environmental-fairy tales which were developed in this study would be relatively effective to develop young children's environment-friendly attitudes and the environmental preservation knowledge. 본 연구는 환경동화에 기초한 극놀이 활동이 유아의 환경친화적태도 및 환경보전지식에미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 G시에 위치한 유치원의 만 5세 유아 44명으로 실험집단은 환경동화에 기초한 극놀이 활동을 실시하였으며 비교집단은 환경동화에 기초한 자유토론활동을 실시하였다. 연구도구는 허윤정(2002)이 사용한 환경친화적태도 검사도구와 한태현(2001)이 제작한 환경보전지식 검사도구를 사용하였다. 연구결과 환경동화에 기초한 극놀이 활동이 자유토론활동을 실시한 집단보다 유아의 환경친화적태도와 환경보전지식에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

학교 체험 환경교육이 초등학생의 친환경적 행동변화에 미치는 영향

최하얀(Ha-Yan Choi),김용근(Yong-Geun Kim),심정선(Jung-Sun Shim) 한국환경교육학회 2008 環境 敎育 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was that verify the difference of pro-environmental behavior according to be present or not of experience environmental education for developing pro-environmental and show basic material to prepare efficient operation plans of experience environmental education is based on factor which effect of pro-environmental behavior difference according to the types. Elementary schools were divided through existence and nonexistence of an experience environmental education than I was checked up the pro-environmental behavior of students, who joined in different environmental educations each other. It was analysis by dividing into an environmental education of school, an educator (teacher, environmental-interpreter), and fields for environmental education (school inside and outside) to know types of experience environmental education. In result, elementary schoolers who experienced an experience environmental education at school class, had higher an environment-friendly behavior and elementary schoolers, who experienced an experience environmental education at class from environmental-interpreter, had higher an environment-friendly behavior by and large. As a result, this study showed that the area based on their residential quarter and an experience environmental education with realistic plans to connect with social environmental education for developing pro-environmental carrying out the most positive effect.

에너지자원의 환경관리전략 : 환경성을 고려한 재생에너지 자원관리의 발전전략

권영한,오진관,최상기,김태형 한국환경정책평가연구원 2015 사업보고서 Vol.2015 No.-

국제적으로 ‘포스트 2020’ 신기후 체제에 대비하면서 온실가스 감축 노력의 일환으로 재생에너지 확대를 지향하고 있다. 국제에너지기구(International Energy Agency, IEA)는 세계에너지전망(World Energy Outlook, WEO) 2014 시나리오에서 재생에너지 공급이21%에서 33%로 증가될 것으로 전망하였으며, 에너지기술전망(Energy TechnologyPerspectives, ETP) 2015 2DS(2℃ Scenario)에서는 온실가스 배출 감축 기술영역 중재생에너지를 30%로 전망하였다. 국내에서는 제2차 에너지기본계획 및 제4차 신·재생에너지 기술개발 및 이용·보급 기본계획에 따라 재생에너지 보급 확대를 위한 전략을 추진 중이다. 이에 따라 정부는 2035년까지 1차 에너지의 11%를 신재생에너지로 공급하는 것을 목표로 정하였다. 이 보급 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 환경적 이슈를 간과할 수 없기 때문에 재생에너지 자원관리의 정책적제안이 요구되고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구는 KEI의 재생에너지 관련 연구 결과와 국내외 연구 자료를 토대로 향후 국가재생에너지 자원 정책에서 고려해야 할 재생에너지의 환경친화적 관리 발전전략 제안을 목적으로 진행되었다. 재생에너지에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 재생에너지 자원 정의 및장·단점을 확인한 후 국내외 재생에너지 관련법과 계획을 정리하였고(제2장), KEI 보고서와 국외 자료에서 다루어진 재생에너지 자원 개발에 따른 원별 환경영향과 환경관리 방안(제3장)에 대한 내용을 언급하였다. 환경성을 고려한 재생에너지 자원관리 발전 방안(제4장)에서는 재생에너지 발전 방안 마련을 위해 전문가 워크숍을 개최하였고, 산학연의 의견을 종합하여 ‘태양에너지, 풍력의 환경성을 고려한 자원관리 전략’, ‘지역 환경을 고려한 재생에너지 자원관리 전략’, ‘공공참여 활성화 전략’과 ‘정책 반영을 위한 의사소통 전략’을 마련하였다. 재생에너지 정책과 자원 개발은 기존과는 다른 형태의 개발수요를 양산하며, 정책 도입초기 단계에서 국민, 국토, 생태계 전반에 미칠 수 있는 환경성을 고려하지 않는 경우 정책 실패의 가능성이 높다는 측면에서 본 연구의 중요성은 더욱 크다. 우리나라의 핵심재생에너지원인 태양광, 풍력의 환경성을 고려한 발전전략은 일차적으로 입지 활용의 다변화와 태양광 및 풍력에너지 원천기술 확보를 통하여 발전시설 설치 면적을 축소하는것이고, 결과적으로 자연환경 훼손을 최소화할 수 있다. 특히, 현재까지 재생에너지 자원잠재량 산정 시 고려되지 않은 환경성 요소를 분석하여 추후에 수립될 재생에너지 관련정책 계획에는 환경성을 고려한 자원 잠재량 산정을 통한 보급 목표 수립이 이루어져야한다. 따라서 에너지 관련 상위 계획들은 전략환경영향평가 대상이 되어야 할 필요가 있다. 또한, 우리나라의 환경 특성에 맞는 재생에너지 자원 개발을 위해서는 지방에 대한 정책집행력을 높일 수 있는 정책서비스가 제공되어야 하며, 지역의 환경정보를 활용한 지역에너지기본계획을 수립함으로 바텀업(bottom up) 방식의 상위 에너지계획이 수립되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 지역의 상위 에너지계획 수립에 있어서도 전략환경영향평가의 결과들이 반영되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 특징은 기존의 정책연구에서 잘 다루어지지 않았던 인식조사 연구를 수행하였다는 데 있다. Q 방법론을 활용하여 재생에너지에 대한 인식 확인과 재생에너지 정책반영을 위한 의사소통 방안을 마련하였다. QUANL 프로그램을 통한 요인 분석과 요인해석을 위한 워크숍을 통해 재생에너지에 대한 전반적인 관점은 ‘미래 에너지원’과 ‘에너지원 중 하나’의 관점으로 분석하였다. 재생에너지를 미래 에너지원이라고 보았을 때,‘에너지원 중 하나’로 여기는 사람들의 마음을 재생에너지가 미래 에너지원으로 생각하게 하도록 하는 것이 재생에너지 발전 전략을 수립하는 데 있어 무엇보다 중요한 관점(point)임을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 재생에너지 정책과 연관된 연구와 전문 정보를 이해하기 쉬운언어로 번역하여 NGO, 국회조사처, 지역 주민 등에게 꾸준히 노출시키고, 정보 전달, 정책 홍보 등 간접 소통을 통하여 소외 그룹 스스로 명분과 상징성을 가지도록 이슈를 형성하게 유도하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다. In preparation of a new climate regime of "Post 2020", utilization of renewable energy has been expanded as an effort of green house gas(GHG) reduction internationally. IEA(International Energy Agency) prospected that provision of renewable energy will increase from 21% to 33% based on the WEO(World Energy Outlook) 2014 scenario and that according to the ETP(Energy Technology Perspectives) 2015 2DS(2℃ Scenario), the portion of renewable energy technology will be 30% among those of GHG emission reduction. The Korean government is pushing ahead with a strategy to expand supply and utilization of renewable energy based on the national energy basic plan and the national renewable energy policy, with which the government established a goal to supply 11% of renewable energy among primary energy source by 2035. Environmental issues ought to be considered in the policy of management of renewable energy sources in order to achieve the goal. This study had been carried out to suggest developmental strategies of the environmental-friendly management of renewable energy to consider in the national policy of renewable energy sources. In this report terminologies and pros and cons of renewable energy sources, and relevant laws and plans were covered in the chapter two, and environmental impacts, environmental management measures, and measures of review and preparation of environmental assessment in the chapter three. The chapter four deals with developmental ways in which environmental issues are incorporated to expand renewable energy resources. Improvement measures for renewable energy supply were prepared by expert workshops. Environmentally sound strategies for resource management of solar and wind power were prepared by reflecting opinions of experts. Strategies of resources management in terms of regional environmental issues and those of communication and public participation for policy making were prepared. This study is valuable because policies on resource development of renewable energy could be failed without considering environmental issues to affect entire ecosystem of national land in an initial stage of policy implementation. The developmental strategy in which environmental issues are included for solar and wind power which are core renewable resources would reduce construction areas of energy facilities through primarily diversification of siting, primarily utilizing unused or abandoned or damaged areas, water, and building, etc., and minimize areas of energy generating facilities through obtaining original technologies, consequently minimizing damage of natural environment. Especially, renewable energy policies established in the future should include the goal of renewable energy supply based on the estimation of resource potential which reflects the environmental factors that were analyzed. Higher level plans of energy policy, therefore, must be subjected to Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA). In addition those national plans should be established through combining regional basic energy plans considering local environmental characteristics to develop suitable renewable resources for provinces, which are also necessary to be subjected to the legal SEA system. In this study we investigated personal recognition of those who works on renewable energy. By the ``Q`` methodology we suggest a way to communicate among different groups who have different tendency toward renewable energy in order to make the policy decision of renewable energy in which environmental issues are considered. The result showed that types of recognition of those questioned were largely two groups, one as ``the future energy source`` and the other as ``one among energy sources`` based on the results of analysis of responses of questionnaires by the ``QUANL`` program as well as analysis of different tendency through a workshop of those questioned. Those who have different types of recognition need to communicate, especially the former should find a way to explain importance of renewable energy as a future energy source to the latter who generally plays a role of decision making. Thus, the former, such as researchers, ought to make an effort to interpret the technical results that they produced into a langage which people including NGO, opinion leaders, and residents, can understand easily to get justification on renewable energy so that they can provide and communicate to the decision makers with justification and symbolic issues on the renewable energy, eventually those issues can be led to policy making by the decision makers who usually do not listen or understand what researchers say.

Environmental Auditing-Analysis of Enterprises

Wotte, Joris 한국환경영향평가학회 1995 환경영향평가 Vol.4 No.3

In July 1993 a new prescription of the EC was finished, concerning the voluntary participation of enterprises in a common auditing system. By this in the EC-member countries there must be founded centers of environmental auditing where experienced experts of environmental auditing should be accredited. These accredited experts are controllers for evaluating and certification of carried out environmental-auditings. An environmental-auditing practically represents an environmental assessment for an already existing enterprise with establishing corresponding programmes and strategies for the internal management to improve the environmental relations. Much experiences, which could be collected in the field of EIA during the last years may be transfered to this new task immediately. Only an essential difference there should not be overseen because of national legislation EIA in the defined cases must be carried out. By the EC-prescription carrying out an environmental-auditing for an enterprise is optional, it is recommended only. It was not introduced as a must. In spite of this fact because of the hard competition on the market there will be developed a pressure for the enterprises, to carry out such environmental-auditings. At present already a number of first projects in this direction can be seen, in the first line above all enterprises with the necessary economic power want to use this possibility, to gain better positions on the market. We have already gathered the first experiences in this field. We arranged corresponding contacts to several enterprises within the surroundings of Dresden. Within an opening discussion, where the project is explained and discussed with the management of the enterprise very detailed, the understanding, the readiness and the cooperation for the project are generated necessary prerequesits for the success of the whole work. By means of careful detail-work in collaboration with all departments and on all levels of the enterprise the total mass and energy-balances of the factory established and analysed. There are included also such ranges like material delivery, personal policy, public relations and sale as well as waste management. It is important that all people working in the factory have the feeling to be our partners, and not to have the impression to be checked or controled by an outside organization. This one of the most important factors of environmental auditing, in order to wake up and to develop a common interest on all sides. At the end of the environmental auditing there will be according to the prescription of the EC a catalogue of measures to do immediately, short time, mean time and long time for improvement of the environmental situation of the enterprise. All proposals are made in connection with a corresponding economic evaluation. These measures and programmes are declared as the environmental manual and are the basis for the work of the environmental management of the enterprise for the next three years. According to the EC-prescription, the enterprise with this environmental manual can get a corresponding certificate, which may be used for public relation purposes.

중국 환경보호법의 최근 동향 — 문제점과 개선방안을 중심으로 —

한승훈 한국환경법학회 2018 環境法 硏究 Vol.40 No.1

Chinese government has introduced the environmental protection law in the amended constitution in 1978 stating “The state must protect its environment and natural resources where it also should regulate and prevent pollution and other damages to the environment” for the first time after constitution, where upon this law the environment protection law has been formally signed into the constitution in 1989 after the start of demonstration of the law in 1979. In addition to the national legislation, China has been participating in various international conferences and signing international agreements for cooperation of environmental protection and for the international economy and society. The new environmental protection law revised in April 2014 base its legislation ideology on the “Construction of Ecological Civilization” and has been greatly revised and enacted from the previous environmental protection law, which can be seen as one of the most significant movement in China's environmental protection law history. The new environmental protection law's main characteristics are the following. Firstly, There are five basic principles of regulation while having the “Construction of Ecological Civilization” as the legislation basis, which are keeping priority of environmental protection, precaution crucial, integrated management, public participation and liability for damage. Secondly, the main agents of environmental protection has been expanded overall from corporates, operators and manufacturers to government and the public, including many other social communities. Thirdly, the supervision and management of environmental protection experienced a positive turning point where environmental protection management institution can order seizure and sealing of corporates when violation of environmental protection law occurs, environmental protection field has been included in performance evaluation of public officers of China and environmental investigation measurement offices being built around the nation with the new legislation. Fourthly, the environmental responsibility of the government and the corporates has been reinforced as government can impose fine on corporates with fines calculated on a daily basis, can suspend production, operation, order closure of business or execute confinement transferred by the police department according to the regulation they violate. Environmental effects evaluation institute, environmental investigation measurement institutes, environmental investigation equipment or facility related institutes will be jointly held responsible to the violated corporates they are involved with, and the public officers involved can be demoted, released from position or dismissed from the workplace where advisory resignation can also be imposed on the public officer that has significant responsibility. Lastly, citizens of China, corporates and other organizations can obtain environmental information and participate and supervise in environmental protection in accordance with the legislation, which holds regulation on the government and corporates about public disclosure of information and on the specific conditions about the environmental NGOs. The new environmental protection law has been reformed for the first time after 25 years and it is renowned for being the most strict in its history with the Chinese government strongly pushing forward the related legislation and law enforcement. However, the fact that minor flaws and defects exist cannot be denied. This thesis/paper includes research focused on the problems and resolutions of the decentralization of environmental authority in the central and local areas, effective business cooperation between environmental management institutions, reinforcement on management and supervision of environmental management institutions, maladjustments and execution power of China's 중국은 1978년에 수정된 헌법에서 “국가는 환경과 자연자원을 보호하고, 오염과 기타 공해를 예방 및 관리한다”라고 규정하여 최초로 환경보호를 헌법에 도입하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 1979년 환경보호법을 시범적으로 도입한 후 1989년에는 환경보호법을 정식으로 입법하였다. 또한 중국은 국내 입법을 비롯하여 국제회의 참석과 국제협정 체결을 통해 국제사회와 환경보호를 위해 다양한 협력을 하고 있다. 2014년 4월 개정된 신환경보호법은 “생태문명 건설”을 입법 이념으로 하여 기존의 환경보호법을 대폭 수정하여 제정하였으며 중국 환경보호법 역사에 한 획을 그었다고 할 수 있다. 중국 신환경보호법의 주요 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생태문명 건설을 입법 이념으로 하면서 환경보호 우선원칙, 예방위주원칙, 종합관리원칙, 대중참여원칙, 피해책임 및 배상원칙등 5대 기본원칙을 규정하였다. 둘째, 환경보호 주체가 기업과 생산 경영자에서 정부기관, 대중, 기타사회 단체까지 포함 시켜서 환경보호의 주체들이 전반적으로 확대되었다. 셋째, 환경관리 기관이 환경 위법행위 적발시 봉인ㆍ압류할 수 있고, 공무원 인사 고과에 환경보호 분야를 포함 시켰으며, 전국적으로 환경조사 측정소를 설치하면서 환경관리와 감독의 방식이 전환하게 되었다. 넷째, 기업에 대해서는 1일 기준 벌금 부과, 공장의 영업정지와 폐업, 구류 처벌등을 할 수 있고, 공무원에 대해서는 직급 강등, 직위해제, 면직 및 권고사직도 가능할 수 있을 정도로 기업과 정부에 대한 환경 책임이 상당히 강화되었다. 다섯째, 공민, 법인 및 기타 조직은 법에 근거하여 환경정보를 획득 할 수 있고 환경보호에 대한 참여 및 감독이 가능하며, 정부와 기업의 정보공개 규정을 두고 있으며 환경사회단체(NGO)의 구체적인 조건도 명시하였다. 25년 만에 개정된 신환경보호법은 역사상 가장 엄격하다는 평가를 받고 있으면서 중국 정부가 관련 입법과 법집행을 강력하게 추진하고 있지만 부족한 부분들이 있는 것도 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 중국 환경보호법의 문제점과 해결방안을 중심으로 연구하였다.

교육대학교 학생의 환경 감수성과 관련변인

김형균 한국실과교육학회 2014 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.27 No.4

이 연구는 교육대학교 학생의 환경감수성 정도를 측정하고, 환경 감수성과 변인 간의 관련성을 구명하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이 연구의 자료는 G교육대학교 2학년 290명을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 수집되었다. 총 250명의 자료가 회수되었으며, 회수된 자료 가운데 불성실하게 응답하거나, 극단 치에 치우치게 응답한 11명을 제외한 239명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 자료는 SPSS WIN 18 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 기술 분석, t검증, 변량분석, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. 성별에 따른 환경감수성은 여자(M=104.3)가 남자(M=92.40) 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 생활환경변인인 야외 체험, 예술적․문학적 체험, 역할모델, 환경교육, 대중매체의 접촉 정도의 점수에 따른 환경 감수성 점수의 차이는 의미 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 독립변인은 종속변인인 환경 감수성에 대하여 33%의 설명력을 나타냈다. 환경 감수성에 대한 영향력은 야외체험, 성별, 대중매체의 접촉, 역할모델 순으로 나타났다. 교육대학교 학생의 환경 감수성 평균 점수는 이론적 평균 점수보다 높게 나타났지만 만족할 만한 수준은 아니었다. 교육대학생의 환경과 자연에 대한 이해와 감수성을 증진시켜, 향후 더욱 심각해지는 환경문제에 대해 올바른 대처능력 향상과 친환경적 생활양식의 생활화를 유도하여야 할 것이다. 그러기 위해서는 교육대학교 교육과정에서 환경교육에 대한 강좌의 개설이나 강화가 필요할 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 야외 환경체험교육들이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 대학생들이 자발적으로 환경교육 홍보 단체나 환경 관련 동아리를 만들어 활동하는 것도 바람직 할 것이다. 아울러 교육대학교 남학생의 환경 감수성 수준을 보다 향상시킬 수 있는 방안도 같이 모색되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to find the level of environmental sensitivity and related variables for students in the university of education. The subjects of this research were 239 students in the Gongju national university of education. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS WIN 18 program. Statistical methods used in this research were frequency and technical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, Multiple Regression. Environmental sensitivity is defined as an empathetic perspective toward the environment. It is the one entry-level variable that shown a dramatic relationship to behavior in the research. The results are shown below. First, the environmental sensitive of the students in the university of education were relatively high, and the result showed meaningful difference in gender where female students scored higher than male students. Second. the students′ level of environmental sensitivity was higher in correlation to higher environmental activities. Third, After multiple regression analysis, the proportion of the variance in environmental sensitivity of students′ was about 35%. Environmental sensitivity was most explained by outdoor experiences,Environmental sensitivity is one of the primary factor of environmental literacy and responsible environmental behavior which are the purpose of environmental education. Thus, it's important in environmental education to bring up the environmental sensitivity in order to cultivate environmentally knowledged citizens and develop responsible environmental behaviors.

환경쟁점수업이 대학생의 환경소양 신장에 미치는 영향

박기학(Ki-Hak Park) 대한환경위생공학회 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The goal of today's environmental education is to enhance the understanding of the serious of environmental problems and the interactions among environment. With this perspectives people need to be aware that environmental education is no longer a liberal arts in university education, but play a vital role within the socio-cultural context. This study was performed to assess the changes in the university student's attitudes and consciousness in real life after the education of a point at issues of environmental problems. For this study 11 questionnaires which were composed of large scale environmental problems(water and air pollution), and small scale environmental problems(food additives, GMO, endocrine disrupter) were performed with self-administered by university students(n=78l) who made a application for liberal arts related to environmental subjects. According to the analysis the most student's consciousness of a point at issue of environmental problems(water pollution, air pollution, additives, GMO, endocrine disrupter), and practical attitudes(i.e., practical attendant at congregation and internet voting) were change statistically significant(p<0.01) after the education of a point at issue of environmental problems rather than before. Specially, the score for the item of the large scale problem of environmental issues(water pollution, air pollution) were decreased significantly(p<0.01), but the score for the small scale problems, such as food additives, GMO, endocrine disrupter were increased significantly(P<0.01) after the education of a point at issue of environmental problems(p<0.01). And among the students that participated, 97.7% responded that such a point at issues of environmental problem is needed at the university. With this educational improvements supports the states that the education of a point at issue of environmental problems were more essential, practical and needed to students at university rather than that of an existing instruction. Thus, further studies are required to develop the education of environmental issues at universities like STSE programme.