종이의무기록과 전자의무기록의 기재 충실도 및 일치도 비교 연구: 의사의 입원,퇴원기록지와 간호사의 입원,퇴원간호정보기록지를 중심으로

신아미 ( A Mi Shin ),정선주 ( Sun Ju Jung ),이인희 ( In Hee Lee ),손창식 ( Chang Sic Son ),박희준 ( Hee Joon Park ),김윤년 ( Yoon Nyun Kim ),윤경일 ( Kyung Il Youn ) 한국병원경영학회 2010 병원경영학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This study was tried to evaluate the level of completeness and the accordance in electronic medical records by comparing paper-based medical record in doctor`s admission records, discharge summary, and nursing information records. Medical records of inpatients of neurology department that the 100 paper-based medical records in 2004 and 100 electronic medical records in 2006 were targeted. Existence of record items and doctor-nurse record accordance were evaluated in doctor`s admission record, discharge summary, admission nursing information record, and discharge nursing information record. There were not any differences between electronic medical records and paper-based medical records in doctor`s admission record and discharge summary. Electronic medical records had less missing records than paper-based medical records in admission and discharge nursing information records. Electronic medical records showed higher accordance than the paper-based medical record in doctor-nurse record generally, but there were statistically differences in only medication, allergy, smoking, and drinking(p<0.05). In this study, it was verified that the quality of electronic medical records are better than paper-based records in nursing information record and doctor-nurse record agreement.

Rapid Cellulose-Mediated Microwave Sintering for High-Conductivity Ag Patterns on Paper

Jung, Sunshin,Chun, Su Jin,Shon, Chae-Hwa American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.31

<P>Cellulose-based paper is essential in everyday life, but it also has further potentials for use in low-cost, printable, disposable, and eco-friendly electronics. Here, a method is developed for the cellulose-mediated microwave sintering of Ag patterns on conventional paper, in which the paper plays a significant role both as a flexible insulating substrate for the conductive Ag pattern and as a lossy dielectric media for rapid microwave heating. The anisotropic dielectric properties of the cellulose fibers mean that a microwave electric field applied parallel to the paper substrate provides sufficient heating to produce Ag patterns with a conductivity 29-38% that of bulk Ag in a short period of time (similar to 1 s) at 250-300 degrees C. Significantly, there is little thermal degradation of the substrate during this process. The microwave-sintered Ag patterns exhibit good mechanical stability against 10 000 bending cycles and can be easily soldered with lead-free solder. Therefore, cellulose-mediated microwave sintering presents a promising means of achieving short processing times and high electrical performance in flexible paper electronics.</P>

Flexible 2-Layer Paper Printed Circuit Board Fabricated by Inkjet Printing for 3-D Origami Electronics

강민규,강경태 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.5 No.3

Inkjet printing has advantages to be easy to use, environmentally benign and adaptable for flexible electronics manufacturing. Also, paper is an emerging potential substrate due to extremely cheap price and its abundance. We used inkjet printing on a paper to make inexpensive flexible 3-D origami electronics. We printed two pads of 2 × 2mm2 and the metal lines between pads that had the width of 0.2 mm and the length of 5 mm on the paper. Repetitive printing methods reduced the resistance value of metal lines. The measured resistance values of metal lines printed on a chromatography paper ten times repeatedly were less than 10 ohms. We confirmed that the metal lines printed on both sides of the paper were not connected and could be connected through the ‘printed via without holes’. The inkjet-printed metal lines on paper were successfully used to construct the simple PCB with LED. We also tested bending test and confirmed lighting the LED. In order to prevent that metal lines were broken during folding the paper PCB, both sides of the folding point were additionally printed such as via. As a result, the metal line was not broken even when folded.

Laser writing of graphene on cellulose paper and analogous material for green and sustainable electronic: a concise review

Ismail Zulhelmi 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.5

With the aim to fabricate flexible, mobile, and low-energy powered electronics, laser treatment of paper-based materials from carbon, cellulose, and natural products may be viable as one of the strategies to achieve this objective as it potentially provides a sustainable and precise patterning of a graphene-based circuit for various emerging electronic applications, such as sensor, robot, energy, and memory devices. Irradiation of high-energy beam for induction of porous-rich graphene or reduction of graphene oxide is easily accomplished from a commercially available laser machine with various laser sources, power, and pulse number setting. Moreover, the process itself can easily be adapted in the various manufacturing sectors due to the technology’s maturity status and its ability to be computer programmed. In comparison to environmental-benign polymer, the selection of paper as a substrate for electronics may introduce a new idea into the design possibility of electronic devices since the paper is not only thin, lightweight, biodegradable, and mechanically stable, but is also able to be assembled into another form and shape simply by traditional origami and kirigami technique for many applications. Here, in this work, recent laser processing strategies for the preparation of graphene either from graphitization of cellulose or deoxygenation of graphene oxide for green electronics are reviewed with brief coverage of the deposition technique of graphene oxide paper prior to laser annealing and discussion on the emerging relevant electronics field that benefitted greatly from the laser-assisted fabrication. To conclude the literature study, a remaining challenge, and prospective outlooks of laser writing of graphene on paper are also highlighted.

전자문서의 원본성 요건에 관한 고찰

정완용 전북대학교 동북아법연구소 2022 동북아법연구 Vol.15 No.3

전자문서법은 종이문서와 전자문서의 기능적인 등가치를 근거로 하여 전자문서의 문서로서 의 법적 효력을 인정하고 있고, 2020년 개정 전자문서법은 전자문서의 서면 요건을 신설하였다 (제4조의2). 그런데 개별 법령에서 문서의 원본을 요구하는 다수의 규정을 두고 있는데, 종이문 서 대신에 전자문서로 작성하는 경우에 개별 법령이 정하고 있는 문서의 원본 요건을 충족할 수 있는지가 문제 된다. 이 글은 UNCITRAL 전자상거래모델법(1996년), UNCITRAL 전자계약협약(2005)상의 원본성 요 건을 검토하였다. 또한 미국 통일전자거래법(UETA, 2000)상 전자기록의 원본성 규정과 일본의 전자문서법(2004)의 원본성 관련 규정을 분석하였다. 이들 국제 입법례에서는 공통적으로 전자 문서의 원본성 요건에 관하여 전자문서가 무결성과 재현성의 요건을 갖추어야 함을 정하고 있 다. 또한, 무결성을 신뢰할 수 있는지에 관한 판단 기준으로는 전자문서의 변조 여부를 알 수 있어야 한다는 점과 전자문서의 생성된 목적 및 관련 상황을 고려하여 판단한다는 점을 규정하 고 있다. 전자문서의 원본성 개념은 전자문서 자체가 원본이라는 의미라기보다는 전자문서가 일정한 요건을 갖추었을 때 전자문서에 대하여 종이 문서의 원본과 같은 법적 효력을 인정할 수 있다는 개념이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 ‘전자문서의 원본성 요건“으로 전자문서의 열람성(재현 성), 무결성을 제시하였다. 아울러 전자화문서의 원본성 요건과 전자화대상문서의 폐기에 관한 법적 논의에 대하여 검토한 후 전자문서의 원본성 요건과 동일한 규정에서 규율하는 입법방안을 살펴보고 공공기록물법에 원본문서를 폐기할 수 있는 규정의 신설을 제안하였다. The law of electronic document regulates the same legal effect of the electronic document as a paper document based on the functional equivalent approach between paper document and electronic document. Generally speaking, There are three kind of requirements relating to the form requirements of the electronic document. Firstly, writing requirement, secondly, signature requirement and thirdly, original form requirement. The 2020 revised law of electronic document have a new article number 4-2 on the writing requirement of the electronic document. There are so many provisions in the laws including need to be ‘original’form of the paper. In this case, If we make electronic document instead of paper document to apply the specific provision of the law, whether or not the writing form requirement of the law could be satisfied? Nevertheless, the 2020 revised law of electronic document had no provision on the original form requirement of the electronic document. In this paper, first of all to solve this problem and try to suggest legal provision of original form requirement to the law of electronic document, comparative analysis method is used such as the related provisions on the ‘original form requirement’ of UNCITRAL model law on electronic commerce(1999), UNCITRAL Convention of the use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts(2005) and U.S.A. UETA(2000), Japanese Law of electronic document. This Study suggested new provision need to be codified in the law of electronic document regarding to the original form requirement which is consisted with ‘integrity’ requirement and ‘capability of being displayed’ requirement of the electronic document. This author wants that the digitalization will be spread widely based on this study regarding to the original form requirement of the electronic document.

Inkjet Catalyst Printing and Electroless Copper Deposition for Low-Cost Patterned Microwave Passive Devices on Paper

Benjamin S. Cook,Yunnan Fang,Sangkil Kim,Taoran Le,W. Brandon Goodwin,Kenneth H. Sandhage,Manos M. Tentzeris 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.5

A scalable, low-cost process for fabricating copper-based microwave components on flexible, paper-based substrates is demonstrated. An inkjet printer is used to deposit a catalyst-bearing solution (tailored for such printing) in a desired pattern on commercially-available, recyclable, non-toxic (Teslin®) paper. The catalystbearing paper is then immersed in an aqueous copper-bearing solution to allow for electroless deposition of a compact and conformal layer of copper in the inkjet-derived pattern. Meander monopole antennas comprised of such electroless-deposited copper patterns on paper exhibited comparable performance as for antennas synthesized via inkjet printing of a commercially-available silver nanoparticle ink. However, the solution-based patterning and electroless copper deposition process avoids nozzle-clogging problems and costs associated with noble metal particle-based inks. This process yields compact conductive copper layers without appreciable oxidation and without the need for an elevated temperature, post-deposition thermal treatment commonly required for noble metal particle-based ink processes. This low-cost copper patterning process is readily scalable on virtually any substrate and may be used to generate a variety of copper-based microwave devices on flexible, paper-based substrates.

Satisfaction with Paper-Based Dental Records and Perception of Electronic Dental Records among Dental Professionals in Myanmar

Sai Wai Yan Myint Thu,Boonchai Kijsanayotin,Jaranit Kaewkungwal,Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri,Wirichada Pan-ngum 대한의료정보학회 2017 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.23 No.4

Objectives: To overcome challenges in the implementation of electronic dental record systems in a low-resource setting, it is crucial to know the level of users’ satisfaction with the existing system of paper-based dental records and their perceptions of electronic dental records. Methods: A cross-sectional paper-based questionnaire survey was conducted among Myanmar dental professionals who worked in one of two teaching hospitals or in private dental clinics. Descriptive data were analyzed and regression analysis was carried out to identify factors influencing perceptions of electronic dental records. Results: Most dental professionals (>60%) were satisfied with just three out of six aspects of paper-based dental records (familiarity, flexibility, and portability). In addition, generalized positive perceptions were found among decision makers towards electronic dental records, and 86% of dentists indicated that they were willing to use them. Financial concerns were identified as the most important barrier to the implementation of electronic dental records among dentists who were not willing to use the proposed system. Conclusions: The first step towards implementing electronic dental records in Myanmar should be improvement of the content and structure of paper-based dental records, especially in private dental clinics. Utilization of appropriate open-source electronic dental record software in private dental clinics is recommended to address perceived issues around financial barriers. For the long term, we recommend providing further education and training in health informatics to healthcare professionals to facilitate the efficient use of electronic dental record software in Myanmar in the future.

상용 인화 용지에서의 은 나노 입자 자가 소결 현상을 이용한 인쇄 전자 기법

김진성(Jin-seong Kim),이재후(Jaehoo Lee),박정열(Jungyul Park),이치범(Chibum Lee) 대한기계학회 2017 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

This paper proposed a simple and novel self-sintering process of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink with commercial photo paper. Generally, AgNPs in the commercially available ink is capsuled for its preservability, so it requires sintering process to removing the capsule for high conductivity. In this work, we used commercial photo papers containing chloride on its surface generally, which induces self-sintering of AgNP. When AgNP ink is printed on the photo paper, chlorine ions is emitted from photo paper, and they are acting as sintering agent for AgNPs. Due to this phenomenon, self-sintering process occurs without any additional treatment after printing. We demonstrated proportional relationship quantitatively between conductivity of printed pattern and chlorine atom ratio in several types of photo paper. The sheet resistances measured from printed pattern are low enough (lower than 0.25 ohm/square) for efficient printed electronics.

Foldable Graphene Electronic Circuits Based on Paper Substrates

Hyun, Woo Jin,Park, O Ok,Chin, Byung Doo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced Materials Vol.25 No.34

<P><B>Graphene electronic circuits</B> are prepared on paper substrates by using graphene nanoplates and applied to foldable paper‐based electronics. The graphene circuits show a small change in conductance under various folding angles and maintain an electronic path on paper substrates after repetition of folding and unfolding. Foldable paper‐based applications with graphene circuits exhibit excellent folding stability.</P>

기업어음(Commercial paper : CP)의 법적 문제

성희활(Seong Hye Hwal) 인하대학교 법학연구소 2010 法學硏究 Vol.13 No.3

이 논문은 2010년 국회에 제출된 「전자단기사채등의 발행 및 유통에 관한 법률안」의 배경이 된 기업어음에 관한 법적 논란과 관련하여 기업어음에 대한 비판적 주장들의 타당성을 검토하고 기업어음에 관한 법리를 정리하며, 단기사채의 대안을 모색하는 차원에서 작성되었다. 기업어음에 대하여 제기된 비판적 견해들의 요지는 대략 다음과 같다. 기업어음에 대하여 규제목적이 상충되는 어음법과 자본시장법이 중복적으로 적용되다 보니 문제가 있다. 더욱이 2009년 시행된 자본시장법이 기업어음에 대한 발행요건을 대폭 삭제하면서 단기자금조달수단인 기업어음이 장기 회사채 시장을 잠탈하는 바람직스럽지 못한 현상이 초래되고 있다. 기업어음은 자본시장법상 증권신고서 제출 의무가 없어서 투자자보호에 문제가 있다. 마지막으로 기업어음은 어음법에 따라 분할배서가 금지되어 유통성 확보에 문제가 있다. 따라서 대안으로 단기사채제도를 도입하는 것이 바람직하다는 것 등이다. 이 논문은 이러한 주장들 중 자본시장법에 관한 상당 부분이 자본시장법에 대한 오해나 이해의 부족에 기인한 것이라고 주장하였다. 그렇지만 어음법상 분할배서 금지로 인하여 기업어음의 유통에 문제를 초래한다는 주장은 타당하다고 판단하였다. 다만 분할배서의 금지로 인해 야기되는 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 단기사채 제도를 도입하는 것만이 유일한 대안인지에 대해서는 보다 면밀한 검토가 필요하다고 생각하며, 다른 대안으로 표지기업어음 제도와 같은 방안도 바람직한 면이 있다고 판단하였다. This article makes a study on the legal issues with regard to commercial paper(CP) in Korea. The government has proposed a new bill for the introduction of ‘electronic short-term bond’ this year which is supposed to replace the function of the current commercial paper. This legislative initiative has been backed up by some critical arguments against legal characteristics of the present commercial paper as follows: 1. The current CP has some problems caused by the duplicative regulation of the ‘Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes Act’ and the ‘Capital Market and Financial Investment Act’. 2. The newly enacted ‘Capital Market and Financial Investment Act’ in 2009 has removed many regulatory requirements for issuance of CP. After that short-term CP has gradually replaced long-term bond which does not seem to be desirable at all. 3. Investor protection is not enough since commercial paper is exempted from the requirement of registration statement. 4. The current commercial paper cannot secure enough circulation due to the prohibition of splitting endorsement by the ‘Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes Act’. My study shows that some critical arguments regarding the ‘Capital Market and Financial Investment Act’ in the matter of CP have no plausible legal grounds. This article, however, agrees that the prohibition of splitting endorsement causes a problem with circulation among various investors. Even if it were so, the introduction of ‘electronic short-term bond’ may not be the only solution. Cover note based on commercial paper, for example, may be a desirable one of alternatives for the proposed ‘electronic short-term bond’.