전기자극이 흰쥐 위측근의 수축반응에 미치는 영향

김동희,김유섭,전향원 대한스포츠의학회 1994 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The effect of hindlimb suspension on the mechanical properties of contraction of the hindlimb muscles and the effect of the intermittent electrical stimulation on the atrophic response of antigravity muscles were evaluated. Muscle weight, contraction time (CT), half relaxation time(HRT), maximum twitch tension(Pt), maximum tetanic tension(Po), and fatigue index(FI), were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 230-250g were subjected to hindlimb suspension and divided into six groups: the first was hindlimb suspension (HS) group, the second hindlimb suspension with 20Hz electrical stimulation (HS-ES 20), the third hindlimb suspension with 40Hz electrical stimulation (HS-ES 40), the fourth spontaneous recovery after hindlimb suspension (PHS-SR), the fifth electrical stimulation during recovery period (PHS-ES), and the last the control group. The results from the statistical analysis of these data were summarized as follows; 1. Weight of soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles were decreased significantly by the 7 days hindlimb suspension, and the decrease of soleus muscle weight in the HS-ES 20 group and the decrease of medial gastrocnemius muscle weight in the HS-ES 20 and the HS-ES 40 group were less severe than those of the HS group. It proved that the hindlimb suspension with electrical stimulation might be useful in preventing the effect of muscle atrophy. 2. Muscle weight of the PHS-SR group and the PHS-ES group were not retrieved in the 7 days recovery period without hindlimb suspension but were superior in the recovery of muscle atrophy. The soleus muscle weight of the electrical stimulation group was similar to that of the control group, however, the medial gastrocnemius muscle weight shows no difference in the 3 groups. 3. CT, HRT, Pt and Po of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the HS group decreased prominently, and the 20Hz and the 40HZ stimulation showed more efficient effect than the 20Hz in Po and FI of that muscle. 4. In the change of mechanical properties of the soleus muscle after the recovery period without the strain of the hindlimb in the PHS-ES group, the electrical stimulation was effective for preventing muscle atrophy. Especially GRT and FI of the muscle were retrievd similarly to those of the control group. Recovery of CT, HRT, Pt and Po of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were similar to those of the control group but FI of the PHS-SR and the PHS-ES group was decreased. Mechanical properties of the soleus muscle contraction were different from those of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. The changes of mechanical properties were more serious in the soleus than in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Electrical stimulation during the recovery period or during the hindlimb suspension showed more prominent effect in prevention of recovery of muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the results of these data indicate that the intermittent electrical stimulation, especially after the appearance of muscle atrophy, may be useful in preventing muscle atrophy, and that the optimal pulse width and the frequency of electrical stimulation were 0.2ms and 20Hzfor the soleus muscle and 0.3ms and 40Hz for the medial gastrocnemius muscle, under the supramaximal stimulation.

전기자극을 이용한 토끼 외안근 수축

박운철(Un Chul Park),서종모(Jong-Mo Seo),김성준(Seong Joon Kim),유형곤(Hyeong Gon Yu),유영석(Young Suk Yu),정흠(Hum Chung) 대한검안학회 2007 Annals of optometry and contact lens Vol.6 No.1

목적: 전기 자극으로 토끼 외안근의 수축을 확인하고, 수축을 유발하는 최적의 자극 조건을 알아보았다. 대상과 방법: 토끼를 전신 마취하고 윗눈꺼풀을 제거하여 상직근을 최대한 노출시켰다. 서로 다른 4가지 재질과 모양의 전극을 사용하여 다양한 전기 자극 조건에 따른 상직근 반응을 관찰하였다. 백금봉 전극을 이용한 전기자극에서 자극 전압의 변화와 전극 사이 거리에 따른 길이방향 근육 수축량도 분석하였다. 결과: 백금 봉 전극을 사용한 전기적 근육자극에서는 산화 반응이나 근육 손상 등의 합병증 없이 상직근 전폭에 걸친 길이방향 수축이 관찰되었으며, 자극 지속시간, 자극 빈도, 자극사이 간격에 관계없이 전기자극이 가해지는 동안 수축이 지속되었다. 2.0 V 이상의 전압에서 뚜렷한 길이방향 근수축이 나타났으나, 그 수축량은 최대 1 mm 정도였으며, 근육 수축에 따른 안구 회전은 미약하였다. 길이 방향 근수축량은 자극 전압의 크기에 비례하였고, 전극사이의 거리에 반비례하였다. 결론: 전기자극을 이용하여 토끼 외안근의 수축을 유발하고, 자극 조건에 따라 길이 방향 수축 길이를 조절할 수 있었다. 하지만, 안구 회전을 일으키는 효율적인 외안근 수축 유발을 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다. Purpose: To verify the contraction of extraocular muscle by electrical stimulation and to investigate the appropriate stimulation parameters for muscle contraction. Methods: Under the general anesthesia, anterior part of superior rectus was maximally exposed after removal of upper lid in the rabbit eye. Using four different electrodes made of various materials and shapes, electrical stimuli with various stimulation parameters were delivered and the responses of the superior rectus muscle were observed. Under the electrical stimulation with the platinum rod electrode, longitudinal contraction length according to the stimulation voltage level and the distance between electrodes was analyzed. Results: Under the electrical stimulation with the platinum rod electrode, longitudinal contraction over full width of superior rectus muscle was observed without muscle injury or oxidative reaction on the surface of the electrode, and the muscle contraction was maintained during the stimulation independent of pulse duration, frequency or interval. Definite longitudinal contraction was observed over 2.0 V of voltage stimulus, but the length of maximal contraction was about 1.0 mm, which was not enough to rotate the eyeball. The length of longitudinal contraction was proportionally increased according to the stimulation voltage level, but showed inverse correlation with the distance between the electrodes. Conclusions: The electrically-evoked extraocular muscle contraction in rabbit was verified, and the length of the longitudinal contraction could be controlled by the stimulation parameters. However, further investigation is needed to provoke efficient extraocular muscle contraction for the rotation of the eyeball.

Effects of Intermittent Sciatic Nerve Stimulation on the Soleus and Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Atrophy in Hindlimb Suspended Rats

Park, Byung-Rim,Cho, Jung-Shick,Kim, Min-Sun,Chun, Sang-Woo The Korean Physiological Society 1992 대한생리학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The present study was designed to evaluate effects of intermittent electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve on the atrophic response of antigravity muscles, such as the soleus (slow m.) and medial gastrocnemius (fast m.) muscles. Rats (Sprague-Dawley, 245-255g) were subjected to a hindlimb suspension and divided into three groups : one was with hindlimb suspension (MS) and another with hindlimb suspension plus intermittent electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve (HS ES). Control group (CONT) was kept free without strain of the hindlimb. After 7 days of hindlimb suspension, the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles were cut at their insertion sites, and were then connected to the force transducer to observe their mechanical properties. Optimal pulse width and frequency of electrical stimulation were 0.2ms, 20Hz for the soleus muscle and 0.3ms, 40Hz for the medial gastrocnemius muscle under supramaximal stimulation. Body weight and circumference of the hindlimb were significantly decreased in HS and HS-ES groups compared with the control group. In HS-ES group, however, the weight of the soleus muscle was not different from that in the control group while the weight of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was lower than that in the control group. In HS group, mechanical properties of muscle contraction including contraction time, half relaxation time, twitch tension, tetanic tension, and fatigue index of both muscles were significantly decreased compared with the control group except for twitch tension and tetanic tension of medial gastrocnemius muscle. The degree of atrophy of the soleus muscle in HS group was more prominent than that of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Twitch tension and fatigue index of the soleus muscle and fatigue index of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in HS-ES group were not different from those of the control group. While mechanical properties of the soleus muscle examined were all significantly increased in HS-ES group compared with HS group, only contraction time and fatigue index of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were significantly increased in HS-ES group. These data indicate that intermittent electrical stimulation may be useful in prevention of muscle atrophy.

치료적 운동에 기능적 전기자극과 경피신경전기자극 결합이 뇌졸중 환자의 근긴장도 및 뻣뻣함, 균형능력에 미치는 영향

박신준 ( Shin-jun Park ),조균희 ( Kyun-hee Cho ),조용훈 ( Yong-hun Cho ) 대한물리의학회 2017 대한물리의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the impact of exercise with that of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on muscle tone, calf muscle stiffness, and balance ability in patients with stroke. METHODS: Thirty patients with stroke were randomly divided into an FES group (n=15) and a TENS group (n=15), and a progressive task-oriented exercise was assigned to them. These exercises were performed non-synchronously from December 5, 2016 to January 31, 2017. Patients underwent TENS and simultaneously exercised for 30 minutes daily, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. To determine the effect of the interventions, muscle tone and stiffness of the medial and lateral region of gastrocnemius muscle were measured using the MyotonPRO instrument and balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale. RESULTS: Both groups revealed a significant decrease in muscle tone and stiffness of the medial part of gastrocnemius muscle before and after the interventions (p<.05). Berg Balance Scale scores increased significantly (p< .05). However, none of the other parameters were significantly different (p >.05). CONCLUSION: Our results prove that progressive task-oriented exercise along with FES and TENS decreases muscle tone and stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with stroke and improves balance. TENS could serve as a complementary replacement for functional electrical stimulation for in-house training, as TENS poses less risk of muscle fatigue and has lesser contraindications than does functional electrical stimulation.

The Effect of an Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver Combined with Low·High Frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Trunk Muscle Activity, Muscle Fatigue, and Balance in Stroke Patients

강정일,정대근,백승윤,허신행 대한물리치료학회 2022 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an intervention that combined the abdominal drawing-in maneuver and frequency-specific neuromuscular electrical stimulation on changes in trunk muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and balance in stroke patients. Methods: Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Fifteen subjects were assigned to group I which performed the abdominal drawing-in maneuver combined with low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation and the other 15 subjects to group II where the abdominal drawing-in maneuver was combined with high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Muscle activity and fatigue were measured using surface electromyography before the intervention. Balance was measured using the Trunk Impairment Scale and re-measured after six weeks of intervention for comparative analysis. Results: Both groups showed a significant increase in muscle activity and balance (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). In the changes in muscle fatigue, only the experimental group II showed a significant increase in muscle fatigue (p<0.05). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was confirmed that among stroke patients, the combination of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation was more effective in changing the muscle activity and balance of the trunk by minimizing the occurrence of muscle fatigue compared to the combination of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver and high-frequency stimulation. These results can be used as basic data for clinical trunk stabilization training.

토끼 적출 위 평활근의 운동성에 대한 transmural stimulation의 효과

김주헌,심철수,홍용근,Kim, Joo-heon,Shim, Cheol-soo,Hong, Yong-geun 대한수의학회 1999 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.39 No.3

To elucidate the action of the cholinergic and adrenergic nerve on isolated gastric fundus smooth muscle of rabbit, the effects of electrical transmural stimulation were investigated in the presence of atropine, cholinergic receptor blocker; phentolamine, nonselective ${\alpha}$-adrenergic receptor blocker; propranolol, nonselective ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor blocker and L-arginine from the isometric contraction of physiological recording system. 1. The contractile response induced by electrical transmural stimulation was increased as the frequency(1~32Hz)-dependent manner on the isolated gastric fundus smooth muscle. 2. The contractile response induced by electrical transmural stimulation was markedly inhibited by the pretreatment of atropine($1{\mu}M$). 3. The contractile response induecd by electrical transmutal stimulation was inhibited by the pretreatment of phentolamine($1{\mu}M$). 4. The relaxative response induced by electrical transmural stimulation on presence of atropine ($1{\mu}M$) was inhibited by the pretreatment of propranolol($1{\mu}M$). 5. The relaxative responses on precontraction induced by histamine($10{\mu}M$) with guanethidine ($50{\mu}M$) and atropine($1{\mu}M$) by electrical transmural stimulation were increased by L-arginine (1mM). These findings suggest that it was the excitatory action of cholinergic and ${\alpha}$-adrenergic nerve, and the inhibitory action of ${\beta}$-adrenergic nerve and nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve on the isolated gastric fundus smooth muscle of rabbit.

전자기자극을 이용한 둔부근의 자극: 초음파 연구

서한길,신형익,이준우,이상윤 대한재활의학회 2008 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.32 No.4

Objective: To know if electro-magnetic stimulation can induce the contraction of gluteus medius and minimus muscles, and to compare pain induced by electro-magnetic stimulation of the gluteal muscles with that induced by transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Method: Two different intensity of transcutaneous NMES (40 mA, 60 mA) and electro-magnetic stimulation (60%, 100%) were applied to the left buttock of 15 healthy male volunteers in random order. The ultrasound images of gluteal muscles and visual analog scale (VAS) of pain were obtained three times at each type of stimulation. The grade of muscle contraction and the VAS score of each type of stimulation were compared. Results: At maximal stimulation intensity of our equipments, the mean VAS score was lower (p=0.012) in electro-magnetic stimulation than in transcutaneous NMES, and the grade of gluteus minimus contraction was higher (p=0.035) in electro-magnetic stimulation than in transcutaneous NMES. When the mean VAS scores at the same grade of contraction were compared, the VAS scores of electro-magnetic were lower than transcutaneous NMES in both gluteus medius (3.92±1.79 vs. 5.35±2.98, p=0.033) and minimus (4.12±1.85 vs. 5.69±3.00, p=0.046). Conclusion: Electro-magnetic stimulation induced the contraction of gluteus medius and minimus muscles with less pain than electrical stimulation for the same amount of muscle contraction. These results suggest that electro-magnetic stimulation can replace transcutaneous NMES in deep, large muscles such as gluteal muscles.

The Effects of Isokinetic Exercise on Knee Joint Combined Russian Current Stimulation

( Dong-hoon Kim ),( Ho-bal Jung ) 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how stimulation using Russian current changes isokinetic exercise performance of quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscles. Methods: Subjects were 20 20-year-old healthy adults who were instructed in the flexion to extension of knees in angular velocity 60°/sec and 180°/sec using a Biodex (Biodex system 3). We measured the difference in muscle performance between the Russian current stimulated at the same time during the flexion to extension of knees and not stimulated. Results: The results showed that when Russian current stimulation was applied at the angular velocity 60°/sec, the flexed and extended muscles and the angular velocity 180°/sec increased significantly, but the peak torque of flexing muscles at the angular velocity 180°/sec did not increase. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Russian current stimulation with isokinetic exercise of the knee joint could affect the quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscle performance of muscle strength and endurance.

The Effects of Isokinetic Exercise on Knee Joint Combined Russian Current Stimulation

김동훈,정호발 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how stimulation using Russian current changes isokinetic exercise performance of quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscles. Methods: Subjects were 20 20-year-old healthy adults who were instructed in the flexion to extension of knees in angular velocity 60°/sec and 180°/sec using a Biodex (Biodex system 3). We measured the difference in muscle performance between the Russian current stimulated at the same time during the flexion to extension of knees and not stimulated. Results: The results showed that when Russian current stimulation was applied at the angular velocity 60°/sec, the flexed and extended muscles and the angular velocity 180°/sec increased significantly, but the peak torque of flexing muscles at the angular velocity 180°/sec did not increase. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Russian current stimulation with isokinetic exercise of the knee joint could affect the quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscle performance of muscle strength and endurance.

The Effects of Isokinetic Exercise on Knee Joint Combined Russian Current Stimulation

Kim, Dong-Hoon,Jung, Ho-Bal 대한물리치료학회 2015 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.27 No.5

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine how stimulation using Russian current changes isokinetic exercise performance of quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscles. Methods: Subjects were 20 20-year-old healthy adults who were instructed in the flexion to extension of knees in angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $180^{\circ}/sec$ using a Biodex (Biodex system 3). We measured the difference in muscle performance between the Russian current stimulated at the same time during the flexion to extension of knees and not stimulated. Results: The results showed that when Russian current stimulation was applied at the angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$, the flexed and extended muscles and the angular velocity $180^{\circ}/sec$ increased significantly, but the peak torque of flexing muscles at the angular velocity $180^{\circ}/sec$ did not increase. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Russian current stimulation with isokinetic exercise of the knee joint could affect the quadriceps muscle and its antagonist muscle performance of muscle strength and endurance.