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PERFUSION CT검사 시 protocol에 따른 유효선량감소에 대한 연구
김유경(Yu Kyong Kim),이인선(In Seon Lee),이수림(Su Rim Lee) 대한CT영상기술학회 2012 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1
목적 Dali phantom을 이용하여 16MDCT와 128MDCT의 유효선량을 비교하고, 128MDCT의 PROTOCOL의 변경함으로써 유효선량을 감소하여 환자의 피폭 선량을 줄이고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 대상은 2003년 16MDCT를 이용하여 검사한 환자 297명(남자; 140명, 여자: 157명)을 A군, 128MDCT을 이용한 volume perfusion CT검사한 환자 929명(남자: 385, 여자: 544 명)을 B군, TDC(Time density curve)map 및 Siemens사의 DynEva soft ware에서 earliest start time, peak time, delay time을 비교하였다. 이후 각각의 earliest start time, peak time, delay time에서 가장 많은 데이터를 갖는 각각의 시간을 알아낸 후 protocol을 다시 만들어 2010년 1월부터 12월말까지 변경된 Volume perfusion CT검사로 환자 1163명을 C군, 대상으로 하였다. 대상자 중 남자는 511명, 여자는 652명이었으며, 연령별로는 10대: 24명, 20대: 61명, 30대: 129명, 40대: 234명, 50대: 308명, 60대: 213명, 70대: 159명, 80대 이상: 35명이었다. 또한 16MDCT perfusion CT과 128MDCT volume perfusion 그리고 변경된 128MDCT volume perfusion CT의 Patient protocol상 유효선량(effective dose, E)을 산출하였다. 장비는 Siemens사의 somatom sensation16과 somatcm definition AS+를 사용하였다. 결과 A군, B군, C군의 DLP값은 A권(3216, p<0.1), B군(2125, p<0.5%), C군(1758 P<1%)으로 나타났고 단위는 mGy*cm이다. 이것을 유효선량으로 환산하면 A군(6.7.p<0.1), B군(4.4,p<0.5), C군(3.7,p<0.1)으로 나타났으며, 단위는 mSv이다. 그리고 TDC(Time density curve)map 및 Siemens사의 DynEva soft ware에서 earliest start time, peak time, delay time는 A, B, C군 모두 비슷한 결과가 나왔으며, A군에서의 peak time에서 검사가 끝난 경우가 297명 중 21명 B군은 929명 중 3명이었으며, C군은1163명 중 11명이었다. 결론 한 명의 환자에서 반복적으로 검사하는 Perfusion CT는 영상을 얻는데 수 분만이 소요되는 장점을 가지고 있지만, 환자의 유효선량은 brain angio는 1.2mSv인 반면 perfusion CT는 4.2 mSV로 brain angio 검사보다 훨씬 많은 선량을 받고 있다. 그러므로 protocol을 변경하여 유효선량을 줄임으로써 환자의 피폭선량을 감소하는 데 효과적인 검사 방법이라고 생각한다. 하지만 수술 후 blood circulation이 늦은 환자에 대한 추가적인 protocol을 해야 됨이 아쉬움으로 남았다. I. Materials and methods September _ December 2003 target by a person checking a patient 297(the group A), 128MDCT and 929 by examining the patient cases(less than group B), Protocol and by changing the scanned patient person (hereinafter C group) and each DLP and effective dose were compared. Equipment is somatom sensation16 (Siemens) group A, B military C was used in group SOMATOM DEFINITION AS+, DynEva (Siemens) software was used II. Result A’s, B’s, C’s group DLP value of A’s(3216, p<0.1%), B’s(2125, p<0.5%) C’s(1758, p<0.1%) appeared in the unit mGy*cm is the this translates to an effective dose in group A(6.7, P<0.1).B group(4.4, p<0.5),C group(3.7, p<0.1) as appeared, and the unit is mSv. And, Siemens’s in earliest start time, earliest peak time, latest peak time A, B, C, both groups had similar results came back, A the end of military usage, if is a test from the 297 people 21 people in group B,3 people out of 929 people were, C group of 1,163 people has 11 people, III. Conclusions and Recommendations Repeatedly to scan in one patient achieving perfusions’ wed imaging has the advantage that takes minutes, but the patient’s effective dose 1.2 mSv brain angio, whereas brain angio and perfusions’ as 4.2 mSv inspection has been much more doses. Thus, by changing protocol by reducing the effective dose to the patient’s radiation dose reduction is considered effective inspection methods. However, for patients late after surgery, blood circulation and protocol rrrust be added to regret giving effect remained.
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Monitoring and Scheduling Methods for MIMOFIFO Systems Utilizing Max-Plus Linear Representation
Hiroyuki Goto,Shiro Masuda 대한산업공학회 2008 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.7 No.1
This paper proposes an approach to monitoring and scheduling methods for repetitive MIMO-FIFO DESs. We use max-plus algebra for modeling and formulation, known as an effective approach for controller design for this type of system. Because a certain type of linear equations in max-plus algebra can represent the system’s behavior, the principal concerns in past researches were how to solve the equations. However, the researches focused mainly on analyses of the relation between inputs and outputs of the system, which implies that the changes or the slacks of internal states were not clarified well. We first examine several properties of the corresponding state variables, which contribute to finding and tracing the float times in each process. Moreover, we provide a rescheduling method that can take into account delays or changes of the internal states. These methods would be useful in schedule control or progress management.
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Monitoring and Scheduling Methods for MIMO-FIFO Systems Utilizing Max-Plus Linear Representation
Goto, Hiroyuki,Masuda, Shiro Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2008 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.7 No.1
This paper proposes an approach to monitoring and scheduling methods for repetitive MIMO-FIFO DESs. We use max-plus algebra for modeling and formulation, known as an effective approach for controller design for this type of system. Because a certain type of linear equations in max-plus algebra can represent the system's behavior, the principal concerns in past researches were how to solve the equations. However, the researches focused mainly on analyses of the relation between inputs and outputs of the system, which implies that the changes or the slacks of internal states were not clarified well. We first examine several properties of the corresponding state variables, which contribute to finding and tracing the float times in each process. Moreover, we provide a rescheduling method that can take into account delays or changes of the internal states. These methods would be useful in schedule control or progress management.
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