Categorization in Distributed Morphology: A Split Analysis of Verbalization

임창국 한국영어학회 2018 영어학 Vol.18 No.2

Distributed Morphology maintains that each morpheme consists of feature bundles. However, the issue of what features constitute categorizers such as v, n, and a has not yet definitely figured out. In this article, I focus mainly on the categorial feature matrix of v in verbalization. Presenting the well-known fact that while they share the inability to license structural Case with nouns and adjectives, passive participles differ with respect to the availability of of-insertion, I offer a split analysis of verbalization in which, implementing the system of Chomskyan categorial features ([±N, ±V]) under the framework of Distributed Morphology, the categorial features for verbs ([-N, +V]) are analyzed to separately be located on distinct heads: [+V] on v and [-N] on Voice. Some consequences of the split analysis of categorization are discussed to account for the widely known differences between deverbal nominalization and verbal gerunds, and the possibility also is entertained of extending the split analysis to other major categories such as nouns, adjectives and prepositions.

The effect of explicit instruction on derivational morphological awareness amongst Iranian EFL learners

Forough Amirjalili,Ali Akbar Jabbari,Mohammad Javad Rezai 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어연구 Vol.35 No.S

The explicit instruction on derivational morphology has attracted little attention as an object of effective EFL teaching method. The current study attempted to investigate the impact of morphological instruction on relational, syntactic and distributional aspects of derivational morphology amongst intermediate EFL learners. The participants were 129 lower/higher intermediate students, randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The study had a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental control group design. The results demonstrated that before the instruction there was a significant difference in each of the three aspects of derivational morphology and distributional aspect was the lowest score amongst the three aspects. The experimental groups outperformed the control groups on all three tasks assessing derivational morphology. For lower intermediate experimental group, syntactic aspect was more susceptible to instruction and for the higher intermediate experimental group it was the distributional aspect. The results also demonstrated that morphological instruction can benefit lower level of proficiency to a higher degree. The findings of the present study imply the merits of explicit morphological instruction on derivational morphology by isolating each aspect and observing the sequence of their presentation to EFL learners.

Disyllabic Constraint on Sino-Korean Compounds

Jaehoon Choi 사단법인 한국언어학회 2014 언어학 Vol.0 No.69

This paper investigates the disyllabic requirement imposed on compounds in Sino-Korean within the framework of Distributed Morphology. I propose that Sino-Korean compound formation involves "root merger" (Zhang 2007) and conflation (Harley 2004). Building upon this basic compounding process, I further propose in the spirit of Hale (2001) that syllabic length of Sino-Korean compounds is controlled by the functional head n°, associated with a prosodic template which can accommodate two syllabic slots. With this prosodic template that limits the size of nP in Sino-Korean to two syllables, an account for the ungrammaticality of trisyllabic ca-compounds and the derivation of other (ca-)compounds of different syllabic length straightforwardly follows. A consequence of the present account is that Korean possesses two distinct nominal functional heads: Sino-Korean n° and Native-Korean n°, the former of which cannot host more than two syllables, while the latter of which can.

한국어 존대 체계에 대한 통합 적 분산형태론 분석

김재은(Kim, Jaieun),정인기(Inkie Chung) 한국생성문법학회 2015 생성문법연구 Vol.25 No.3

This article presents a unified analysis of Korean honorification morphology in the framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993). It pays particular attention to the common exponent -kkey on the nominative and the dative DPs when they are honorified and to a few verbs showing root allomorphy with such an honorified DP. It adopts Embick & Noyer’s (1999) and Choi & Harley’s (2015) mechanism of morpheme insertion in PF and Bobaljik’s (2008) idea of agreement operating in PF via feature sharing. Thus, the abstract honorific morpheme is inserted into the honorified DP in Spec-TP or in Spec-vP postsyntactically, and then this inserted honorific feature is shared with its verb head (T 0 or v 0). Then, the honorific feature conditions the choice of the suppletive forms of the nominative and dative case markers, and the honorific feature in T 0 and v 0 serves as the context for the suppletive contextual allomorphy of certain verb roots, with the honorific feature in T 0 realized as -si. Some consequences are (1) decomposition of honorific case markers -kkeyse and -kkey, (2) vocabulary insertion as feature addition (contra Bobaljik 2000), and (3) confirmation of locality of allomorphy (Bobaljik 2008, 2012).

An Argument against Distributed Morphology

박상도 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2011 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.51

Since Chomsky (1970) discussed the derivation of nominalization, many researchers have been actively engaged in the debates over to what extent the system for word formation differs from the mechanism of syntactic operations. Those in support of what is often called lexicalism claim that the word system operates independently of the syntax whereas the proponents of Distributed Morphology suggest a unified generative system for both words and phrases. The current paper evaluates these two approaches as they relate to middle constructions, and justifies the necessity of lexicalism by presenting empirical facts that cannot be properly accounted for in the framework of Distributed Morphology.

An Argument against Distributed Morphology

( Sang Doh Park ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2011 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.51

Since Chomsky (1970) discussed the derivation of nominalization, many researchers have been actively engaged in the debates over to what extent the system for word formation differs from the mechanism of syntactic operations. Those in support of what is often called lexicalism claim that the word system operates independently of the syntax whereas the proponents of Distributed Morphology suggest a unified generative system for both words and phrases. The current paper evaluates these two approaches as they relate to middle constructions, and justifies the necessity of lexicalism by presenting empirical facts that cannot be properly accounted for in the framework of Distributed Morphology.

“자기”의 허가와 형성:

임채경(Che gyung Im) 현대문법학회 2017 현대문법연구 Vol.92 No.-

Chegyung Im. 2017. Licensing and Formation of Caki; Based on Distributed Morphology. Studies in Modern Grammar 92, 33-54. The purpose of the paper is to suggest a licensing condition of caki based on Distributed Morphology. The economical burden caused by selecting a single syntactic object and interpreting the same object can be alleviated by reducing the process of computation. Merger of the ROOT of caki and N, with the late lexical insertion can explain the complex distribution of caki.

형태이론의 변천과 보충법

정인기(Chung, Inkie) 한국어학회 2018 한국어학 Vol.81 No.-

This article surveys the development of morphological theories in the tradition of generative grammar. Outlines of the three major theories are presented: (1) the standard theory, i.e., the early period of generative grammar (Chomsky 1965, Chomsky and Halle 1968), (2) the lexicalist hypothesis (Halle 1973, Kiparsky 1982 among others) and (3) distributed morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993). Surveying these frameworks, particular emphasis is placed on the status of lexicon and on the place of morphological and morphophonological operations in conjunction with the syntactic component. Negative suppletion and honorific suppletion in Korean are employed to present superiority of distributed morphology. Adopting the separation hypothesis and post-syntactic insertion of phonological features, distributed morphology presents more plausible and consistent derivation and analysis of such a form as an-kje-si- for [[+neg] [EXIST]] [+hon], i.e., the negative and honorific exponent for the verb is’- ‘exist’, which exhibits both negative suppletion and honorific suppletion.

Influence of Synthesis Parameters on the Morphology and Particle Size Distribution of Zeolite L

Ko, Yong Sig,Ahn, Wha Seung 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.4

Zeolite L was synthesized hydrothermally from the substrate mixture of Na₂O-K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O system at temperatures of 373 443 K, and the influence of various synthesis parameters on the particle size distribution and surface morphology was investigated. The crystalline zeolite L samples obtained were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. and particle size analysis. It was established that as the synthesis temperature increased, the average crystal size becomes larger with a broader particle size distribution. Particle size distribution and morphology of zeolite L was also affected by the silica source and the molar ratios of SiO₂/Al₂O₃, (K₂O+Na₂O)/SiO₂, Na₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O), and H₂O/(K₂O +Na₂O). The crystal size decreased significantly by stirring the gel during the synthesis or subjecting the substrate mixture to an aging treatment at room temperature before hydrothermal treatment. Different heating rates applied prior to subsequent isothermal crystallization at 443 K also significantly influence the particle size distribution and the morphology of zeolite L.

Morphological structure details, size distributions and magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles

Kuan Hoon Ngoi,Jia Chyi Wong,Wee Siong Chiu,Chin Hua Chia,진경식,Hyun-Joong Kim,김홍철,이문호 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.95 No.-

This study reports thefirst morphology and crystalline structure details of iron oxidenanoparticles in a comprehensive manner. A series of iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesizedin 1-octadecene from iron(III) acetylacetonate with the aid of oleic acid surfactant and thenfollowed by post thermal processes. Quantitative small and wide angle X-ray scattering analysesusing synchrotron radiation sources were performed together with electron microscopy, infraredspectroscopy and thermogravimery, providing morphology and crystalline structure details. Larger size of nanoparticles are synthesized by higher loading of the surfactant. Prolate ellipsoidalnanoparticles, rather than spherical particles, are always synthesized in single unimodal andnarrow size distribution. The individual particles are composed of core, core-shell interface, shell,and shell-surfactant interface, regardless of the sizes. Magnetite-like crystalline phases arepredominant. In addition, wüestite-like crystalline phases are discernible as minor components. For a given particle, the size and distribution are varied very little by the post thermal proccesses. Nevertheless, the other morphology characteristics, as well as the crystalline phases aresignificantly influenced through the post thermal process with a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. In particular, the core part is thickened, the density gap between the core and the shell is reduced,and ferrimagnetic magnetite-like crystallites are enlarged and more populated. Paramagneticwüestite-like crystalline phases are decreased substantially or disappeared completely. Theseenhanced morphology and crystalline characteristics make great contributions to improvemagnetization performances significantly. Overall, this study provides the well-controlledsynthetic schemes and morphology/crystalline structure details that are essential for betterapplications of iron oxide nanoparticles in various advancedfields including biomedicine andnanotechnology.