감염성 안질환의 원인균 및 항생제 감수성에 대한 10년간의 고찰

최현태,이동욱,안민,조남천,유인천,Hyun Tae Choi,Dong-Wook Lee,Min Ahn,Nam Chun Cho,In Cheon You 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.7

Purpose: To investigate the ocular regional incidence, causative species and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with infectious ocular disease whose causative organism was isolated. Methods: A total of 519 eyes in 519 patients with infectious ocular disease, who were diagnosed by smears and cultures from January 2000 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean age of the 519 patients was 54.0 years, and 66.1% of the patients were male. The most common systemic disease was diabetes mellitus. The most common previous ocular disease was keratoconjunctivitis. Specimens were most frequently swabbed from the cornea, where 81.2% were bacteria isolates and 18.8% fungi isolates. The most prevalent causative organism was Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the most prevalent fungus was Fusarium species. Vancomycin, ceftazidime, and fourth-generation fluoroquinolone maintained high antibiotic susceptibility. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were increasing near the end of the reference period, and endophthalmitis was more common in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Conclusions: Identifying the causative organism in infectious ocular disease by smears and cultures is essential. More effective treatment of infectious ocular disease would be possible by analyzing the frequent organism, clinical manifestations, and antibiotic susceptibility. More caution is necessary due to the increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(7):934-940

Genetics and Biomarkers of Moyamoya Disease: Significance of RNF213 as a Susceptibility Gene

Miki Fujimura,Shinya Sonobe,Yasuo Nishijima,Kuniyasu Niizuma,Hiroyuki Sakata,Shigeo Kure,Teiji Tominaga 대한뇌졸중학회 2014 Journal of stroke Vol.16 No.2

Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Although its etiology is still unknown, recent genome-wide and locus-specific association studies identified RNF213 as an important susceptibility gene of moyamoya disease among East Asian population. A polymorphism in c.14576G>A in RNF213 was identified in 95% of familial patients with moyamoya disease and 79% of sporadic cases, and patients having this polymorphism were found to have significantly earlier disease onset and a more severe form of moyamoya disease, such as the presentation of cerebral infarction and posterior cerebral artery stenosis. The exact mechanism by which the RNF213 abnormality relates to moyamoya disease remains unknown, while recent reports using genetically engineered mice lacking RNF213 by homologous recombination provide new insight for the pathogenesis of this rare entity. Regarding biomarkers of moyamoya disease, moyamoya disease is characterized by an increased expression of angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which may partly explain its clinical manifestations of the pathologic angiogenesis, spontaneous hemorrhage, and higher incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion after revascularization surgery. More recently, blockade of these pro-inflammatory molecules during perioperative period is attempted to reduce the potential risk of surgical complication including cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. In this review article, we focus on the genetics and biomarkers of moyamoya disease, and sought to discuss their clinical implication.

Phytobiome as a Potential Factor in Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility to the Rice Blast Disease

Junhyun Jeon 한국식물병리학회 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.3

Roles of nutrients in controlling plant diseases have been documented for a long time. Among the nutrients having impact on susceptibility/resistance to crop diseases, nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. In rice plants, excess nitrogen via fertilization in agricultural systems is known to increase susceptibility to the rice blast disease. Mechanisms underlying such phenomenon, despite its implication in yield and sustainable agriculture, have not been fully elucidated yet. A few research efforts attempted to link nitrogen-induced susceptibility to concomitant changes in rice plant and rice blast fungus in response to excess nitrogen. However, recent studies focusing on phytobiome are offering new insights into effects of nitrogen on interaction between plants and pathogens. In this review, I will first briefly describe importance of nitrogen as a key nutrient for plants and what changes excess nitrogen can bring about in rice and the fungal pathogen. Next, I will highlight some of the recent phytobiome studies relevant to nitrogen utilization and immunity of plants. Finally, I propose the hypothesis that changes in phytobiome upon excessive nitrogen fertilization contribute to nitrogen-induced susceptibility, and discuss empirical evidences that are needed to support the hypothesis.

P-47 Elucidation of Genetic Susceptibility of Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Using Genome-Wide Association Study

조재영,( Kyungtaek Park ),( Seung Ho Choi ),( Sun Mi Choi ),( Jinwoo Lee ),( Chang-hoon Lee ),( Jung-kyu Lee ),( Eun Young Heo ),( Deog Kyeom Kim ),( Yeon Joo Lee ),( Jong Sun Park ),( Young-jae Cho ),( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.124 No.0

Background: The clinical features of patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease are well described, however, genetic factors of susceptibility to NTM lung disease are not understood. To examine genetic variants in patients with NTM lung disease, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods: We genotyped 408 patients with NTM lung disease using the Illumina HumanCore BeadChip, and performed an association study with existing genotyping data of 4080 healthy controls from three Korean cohorts (Korean Association REsource [KARE], Healthy Twin Study, and routine health check-up program at the Seoul National University Hospital). Results: We identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in chromosome 14q31.1. The strongest signal was obtained at the rs1797671 (P = 5.76ⅹ10-8, OR = 2.11, 95% CI =95% CI = 1.61 to 2.76) in the intron of CEP128. rs10133034 in the intron of CEP128 and intergenic rs2150330 were also associated with NTM lung disease (P = 3.88ⅹ10-7 , OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.52 to 2.59 and P = 1.65ⅹ10-7, OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.76 to 3.47, respectively). Our estimate of the proportion of variance in the phenotype explained by all GWAS SNPs was 0.30 ± 0.06. Conclusions: We identified new genetic variants associated with NTM lung disease. The replication study to validate the result is going on. These findings may provide insight into the pathogenesis of NTM lung disease and identifying susceptible individuals to this disease.

Phytobiome as a Potential Factor in Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility to the Rice Blast Disease

Jeon, Junhyun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.3

Roles of nutrients in controlling plant diseases have been documented for a long time. Among the nutrients having impact on susceptibility/resistance to crop diseases, nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. In rice plants, excess nitrogen via fertilization in agricultural systems is known to increase susceptibility to the rice blast disease. Mechanisms underlying such phenomenon, despite its implication in yield and sustainable agriculture, have not been fully elucidated yet. A few research efforts attempted to link nitrogen-induced susceptibility to concomitant changes in rice plant and rice blast fungus in response to excess nitrogen. However, recent studies focusing on phytobiome are offering new insights into effects of nitrogen on interaction between plants and pathogens. In this review, I will first briefly describe importance of nitrogen as a key nutrient for plants and what changes excess nitrogen can bring about in rice and the fungal pathogen. Next, I will highlight some of the recent phytobiome studies relevant to nitrogen utilization and immunity of plants. Finally, I propose the hypothesis that changes in phytobiome upon excessive nitrogen fertilization contribute to nitrogen-induced susceptibility, and discuss empirical evidences that are needed to support the hypothesis.

The association study between CYP20A1, CYP4F2, CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk in the Han population in southern China

Liang Tiebiao,Liang Anshan,Zhang Xianbo,Wang Qi,Wu Haiqing,He Jun,Jin Tianbo 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.9

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease that seriously harms human health. Genetic factors seriously affect the CHD susceptibility. The CYP20A1, CYP4F2 and CYP2D6 are important drug metabolism enzymes in the human body. Objective: We aimed to explore the association between CYP20A1, CYP4F2, CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CHD risk in the Chinese Southern Han population. Methods: Based on the 'case-control' experimental design (505 cases and 508 controls), we conducted an association study between 5 candidate SNPs selected from CYP20A1 (rs2043449), CYP4F2 (rs2108622, rs3093106, rs309310), CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CHD risk. Logistic regression was used to analyze the CHD susceptibility under different genetic models. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction of 'SNP-SNP' in CHD risk. Results: Our results showed that under multiple genetic models, CYP2D6 rs1065852 significantly increased the CHD risk in these participants who are ≤ 60 years old (OR 1.40, CI 1.07-1.82, p = 0.013), smokers (OR 1.40, CI 1.02-1.93, p = 0.039), or have family history (OR 1.24, CI 1.02-1.51, p = 0.035). CYP4F2 SNPs rs2108622 (OR 0.63, CI 0.43-0.93, p = 0.020), rs3093106 (OR 0.52, CI 0.29-0.92, p = 0.023), and rs309310 (OR 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, p = 0.033) were potentially associated with the course of CHD patients. Conclusion: Our study found that CY2D6 rs1065852 has an outstanding and significant association with increased CHD risk. Our study provided data supplements for CHD genetic susceptibility loci, and also provided a new and valuable reference for CHD drug treatment.

Phytobiome as a Potential Factor in Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility to the Rice Blast Disease

전준현 한국식물병리학회 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.3

Roles of nutrients in controlling plant diseases have been documented for a long time. Among the nutrients having impact on susceptibility/resistance to crop diseases, nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. In rice plants, excess nitrogen via fertilization in agricultural systems is known to increase susceptibility to the rice blast disease. Mechanisms underlying such phenomenon, despite its implication in yield and sustainable agriculture, have not been fully elucidated yet. A few research efforts attempted to link nitrogen-induced susceptibility to concomitant changes in rice plant and rice blast fungus in response to excess nitrogen. However, recent studies focusing on phytobiome are offering new insights into effects of nitrogen on interaction between plants and pathogens. In this review, I will first briefly describe importance of nitrogen as a key nutrient for plants and what changes excess nitrogen can bring about in rice and the fungal pathogen. Next, I will highlight some of the recent phytobiome studies relevant to nitrogen utilization and immunity of plants. Finally, I propose the hypothesis that changes in phytobiome upon excessive nitrogen fertilization contribute to nitrogen-induced susceptibility, and discuss empirical evidences that are needed to support the hypothesis.

한국인 두경부 편평세포암 환자에서 Glutathione S-transferase(GST)M1, GSTT1 및 GSTP1유전자 다형성 및 유전적 감수성

태경(Kyung Tae),서인석(In Seok Seo),강미정(Mee Jeong Kang),조석현(Seok Hyun Cho),김경래(Kyung Rae Kim),이형석(Hyung Seok Lee) 대한두경부종양학회 2002 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: Most of human cancers may result from exposure to environmental carcinogens, and individual effectiveness in the detoxification of these chemicals will influence susceptibility to malignant disease. Glutathione S-Transferases(GSTs) enzymes are involved in the detoxification of active metabolites of many carcinogens from tobacco smoke and may be important in modulating susceptibility to smoke-related cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in control group and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma group of Korean, and to investigate the effect of GSTs polymorphism on the risk of head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was performed with a group of 133 control individual and 136 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. The polymorphisms of GSTs were analysed using polymerase chain reaction in GSTM1 and GSTTl, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in GSTP1. Results: The relative risk (odds ratio) of GSTM(-) genotype was 1.14(95% CI, 0.70-1.85) compared to GSTM1(+). The odds ratio of GSTTl(-) genotype was 0.91(95% CI, 0.55-1.50). In old age(≧65) group, the odds ratio of GSTT1(-) genotype was 5.2(95% CI, 1.53-17.89). The GSTP1 Val/Val genotype conferred a 1.7-fold risk(95% CI, 0.40-7.34) of head and neck cancer compared with GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype. Among the combined genotypes of GSTs, GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(+)/GSTP1 Val/Val and GSTM1(-)/GSTTl(-)/GSTP1 Ile/Val genotypes conferred a 2.6-fold and 1.3-fold risk(95% CI, 0.24-14.15 and 0.43-3.14) compared with the GSTM1(+)/GSTTl(+)/GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotype, respectively. Conclusion: Polymorphism of GSTs might modulate susceptibility to head and neck cancer in Korean population. The genotype of GSTP1 Val/Val and combined genotypes of GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(+)/GSTP1 Val/Val, and GSTM1(-)/GSTT1(-)/GSTP1 Ile/Val might be important risk factors to determine the individual susceptibility to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Three transcripts of EDS1-like genes respond differently to Vitis flexuosa infection

Md. Zaherul Islam,윤해근 한국식물생명공학회 2017 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.44 No.2

Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) is a regulator of basal defense responses required for resistance mediated by TIR-NBS-LRR containing R proteins. We identified three transcripts of EDS1-like genes encompassing diverse/ separate expression patterns, based on the transcriptome analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of V. flexuosa inoculated with Elsinoe ampelina. These genes were designated VfEDL1 (Vitis flexuosa Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1-like1), VfEDL2 and VfEDL3, and contained 2464, 1719 and 1599 bp, with 1791, 1227 and 1599 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding proteins of 596, 408 and 532 amino acids, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of all three genes showed the L-family lipase-like domain (class 3 lipase domain), and exhibited a potential lipase catalytic triad, aspartic acid, histidine and serine in the conserved G-X-S-X-G. All three VfEDL genes were upregulated at 1 hpi against the bacterial and fungal pathogens Rizhobium vitis and E. ampelina, respectively, except VfEDL1, which was downregulated against E. ampelina at all time points. Against E. ampelina, VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 showed downregulated expression at later time points. When evaluated against R. vitis, VfEDL1 showed downregulated expression at all time points after 1 hpi, while VfEDL3 showed upregulation up to 24 hpi. Based on the expression response, all three genes may be involved in plant resistant responses against R. vitis, and VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 show additional resistant responses against E. ampelina infection.

Three transcripts of EDS1-like genes respond differently to Vitis flexuosa infection

Islam, Md. Zaherul,Yun, Hae Keun The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) is a regulator of basal defense responses required for resistance mediated by TIR-NBS-LRR containing R proteins. We identified three transcripts of EDS1-like genes encompassing diverse/separate expression patterns, based on the transcriptome analysis by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of V. flexuosa inoculated with Elsinoe ampelina. These genes were designated VfEDL1 (Vitis flexuosa Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1-like1), VfEDL2 and VfEDL3, and contained 2464, 1719 and 1599 bp, with 1791, 1227 and 1599 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding proteins of 596, 408 and 532 amino acids, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequences of all three genes showed the L-family lipase-like domain (class 3 lipase domain), and exhibited a potential lipase catalytic triad, aspartic acid, histidine and serine in the conserved G-X-S-X-G. All three VfEDL genes were upregulated at 1 hpi against the bacterial and fungal pathogens Rizhobiumvitis and E. ampelina, respectively, except VfEDL1, which was downregulated against E. ampelina at all time points. Against E. ampelina, VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 showed downregulated expression at later time points. When evaluated against R. vitis, VfEDL1 showed downregulated expression at all time points after 1 hpi, while VfEDL3 showed upregulation up to 24 hpi. Based on the expression response, all three genes may be involved in plant resistant responses against R. vitis, and VfEDL2 and VfEDL3 show additional resistant responses against E. ampelina infection.