수질오염총량관리 관거월류부하 변화에 따른 배출부하량 산정방법

박준대 ( Jun Dae Park ),오승영 ( Seung Young Oh ),최옥연 ( Ok Youn Choi ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The quantity of a discharge load can change with changes in rainfall in the area with a combined sewer system (CSS). To evaluate the implementation appropriately in the management of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), the effects of rainfall changes should be considered in the estimation of the discharge load. The rainfall condition for the estimation of the discharge load in a certain year should be standardized to the same rainfall condition as that of the reference year. However, the calculation process is very complicated with its potential limitations. This study investigated and developed relatively simple methods for estimating the discharge load. Load conversion method (LCM) is designed to convert the discharge load under the current rainfall condition into that of the reference rainfall conditions. Simple rainfall data method (SRDM) is to simplify the estimation process of the discharge load by the simple conversion of rainfall data. These methods were applied to calculate the discharge load and examine the estimation results. From the results of this study the application of these methods may be useful for estimating the discharge load in the TMDL process.

낙동강 상류 유역에서의 유량변동에 따른 수질의 통계학적 분석

최현구,한건연,최승용 한국환경영향평가학회 2011 환경영향평가 Vol.20 No.6

The purpose of this study is to analysis pollutant loading of upper Nakdong River basin according to the variation of discharge. The correlation between discharge and pollutant concentration and between discharge and pollutant loading were analyzed by statistical method, respectively. Regression equation of pollutant loading and discharge was represented as L = (a)Q(b) in which L = pollutant loading(kg/day), and b = regression coefficients, and Q = discharge(m3/day). The correlation coefficient of study area was in range of 0.8428 to 0.9935. The SS was the highest b value 1.2856~1.7730 among water quality parameters because the pollutant loading of SS was much affected by flow. Additionally, the applicability of the regression equations was verified by comparing predicted results with observed value. The correlation coefficient of verification was in range of 0.8983 to 0.9987 and NSEC was in range of 0.7018 to 0.9960. Therefore the pollutant loading was good correlated with discharge. The main result will be used as basic data for water quality management and design of environment fundamental facilities.

밀양강 중권역 오염부하 전망 및 삭감 시나리오별 하류 수질예측

유재정 ( Jae Jeong Yu ),윤영삼 ( Young Sam Yoon ),신석호 ( Suk Ho Shin ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),윤종수 ( Jong Su Yoon ),전영인 ( Young In Jeon ),강두기 ( Doo Kee Kang ),갈병석 ( Byung Seok Kal ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Milyanggang mid-watershed is located in downstream of Nakdong river basin. The pollutants from that watershed have an direct effect on Nakdong river water quality and it`s control is important to manage a water quality of Nakdong river. A target year of Milyanggang mid-watershed water environment management plan is 2013. To predict a water quality at downstream of Milyang river, we have investigated and forecasted the pollutant source and it`s loading. There are some plan to construction the sewage treatment plants to improve the water quality of Milyang river. Those are considered on predicting water quality. As results, it is shown that the population of Milyanggang mid-watershed is 131,857 and sewerage supply rate is 62.2% and the livestock is 1,775.300 in 2006. It is estimated that the population is 123,921, the sewerage supply rate is 75.5% in 2013. The generated loading of BOD and TP is 40,735 kg/day and 2,872 kg/day in 2006 and discharged loading is 11,818 kg/day and 722 kg/day in 2006 respectively. Discharged loadings were forecasted upward 1.0% of BOD and downward 2.7% of TP by 2013. The results of water quality prediction of Milyanggang 3 site were 1.6 mg/L of BOD and 0.120 mg/L of TP in 2013. It is over the target water quality at that site in 2015 about 6.7% and 20.0% respectively. Consequently, there need another counterplan to reduce the pollutants in that mid-watershed by 2015.

Load-cell Sensor를 이용한 산지 토사유출량 계측의 현장 적용성 검토

서준표(Jun-Pyo Seo),이기환(Ki-Hwan Lee),김종엽(Dong-Yeob Kim),우충식(Choong-Shik Woo),이창우(Chang-Woo Lee),이헌호(Heon-Ho Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.1

최근 기후변화로 인한 집중호우, 태풍 등의 영향으로 산사태가 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 산사태를 예방할 수 있는 효율적인 방법은 사방사업이다. 이러한 사방사업의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 산지에서 유출되는 토사량에 대한 정량적 측정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 산지계류에 Load-cell 센서를 설치하고, 분동테스트를 통하여 계류에서의 적용성과 재하 형태에 따른 출력값을 비교하였다. 개별 및 복합 하중시험을 실시한 결과, Site 1에서 평균 0.4kgf, Site 2에서 평균 0.6kgf 차이로 재하 형태의 영향은 낮게 나타났다. 또한 측정값의 정확도를 높이기 위해 하중계수를 산정하였다. 하중계수를 Load-cell 측정값에 적용하여 보정한 결과, 두 사이트에서 출력율이 각각 14.8%p, 24.6%p 상승하여 기준값에 근사하게 산정되었다. Load-cell 센서는 수위, 강우 등과 함께 시계열 분석을 통하여 산지 토사유출량을 정량적으로 산정할 수 있었다. 모니터링이 장기간 이루어진다면 산림유역에 대한 토사유출 매커니즘 구명에도 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 Load-cell과 같은 센서를 산지 계곡에 적용함으로써 계측센서 등 관련분야 산업 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Landslides occur frequently due to the effects of heavy rainfall and typhoons caused by climate change. Erosion control measures are needed to effectively prevent landslide damage. In order to improve their efficiency, it is necessary to quantitatively measure the sediment discharge from the mountain stream. In this study, a load cell sensor was installed in a mountain stream and the measured values were compared according to the applicability and load test type in the mountain stream. The result of the load test showed that the effect of the loading type (load test 1, 2) was low at average (loadings) of 0.4kgf and 0.6kgf at sites 1 and 2, respectively. The load factor was also derived by regression analysis to increase the accuracy of the measured values. According to the results of the load factor (normalized) to the load-cell measurement value, the output value increased by 14.8% and 24.6% in sites 1 and 2, respectively, and was calculated to be similar to the reference value. The load cell sensor enabled us to quantitatively estimate the amount of sediment discharge in the mountain stream through time series analysis with the water level and rainfall information. If the monitoring is carried out for a long time, it can be used to find the sediment discharge mechanism for the mountain stream. In addition, applying sensors such as load-cells to a mountain stream is expected to contribute to the development of related industries, such as the manufacturing of measurement sensors.

전기차 충·방전 모델링을 이용한 V2G 부하 평가

김무현 ( Moo-hyun Kim ),성백섭 ( Back-sub Sung ),최상봉 ( Sang-bong Choi ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2021 공학기술논문지 Vol.14 No.3

This paper presented a method for evaluating V2G load curves by using the charging and discharging locations of electric vehicles to evaluate the impact of loads generated by the charging and discharging of electric vehicles on the power grid. Considering the estimated EVs' share, the EVs' discharge power was evaluated to reflect both the nature of the arriving vehicle in the morning and the SMP plan after establishing an assumption that the electric vehicle arrived at work in the morning and the electric vehicle arrived at home in the afternoon for each of the charging/discharging place, which is the work and home of electric vehicles in the city. After evaluating the V2G load for each charging/discharging power type for the EVs charging strategy, which takes into account both the natures of the vehicle arriving at home in the afternoon, the TOU charge system, and the characteristics of the vehicle arriving at work in the morning and the SMP charge system, it was evaluated by comparing the impact assessment on the grid by adding the existing load. The results of this paper provide an accurate understanding of the impact of EVs' charging and discharging loads on the power grid. The results should support establishing an EV charging and discharging load management program to control power grids overload with appropriate SMP and TOU charges.

Characteristics of Pollutant Loads and Water Quality in Kwangyang Bay, Korea

Lee Dae-In,Park Chung-Kil,Cho Hyeon-Seo The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2003 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.6 No.3

The characteristics of pollutant loads from the various sources and seawater quality in Kwangyang Bay were evaluated. Total flow rate was estimated to be $10,868,066.8 m^3/day$ with a flow rate of R2l (the Seomjin River) as the highest one. Total COD, TN and TP loads of the input rivers and the ditches were about 27,591.8, 25,029.6 and 586.4 kg/day, respectively. Wastewater discharging loads was the greatest contributors to pollutant loads in the inner part of Kwangyang Bay. COD values in the inner part of the bay was over 3.0 mg/L, which exceeded the seawater quality criteria III of Korea. The average values of DIN and DIP were 8.62 ${\mu}gN/L\;and\;1.26\;{\mu}gP/L$, respectively. The limiting factor for algal growth was DIN. In he total discharging loads of the watershed from unit loading estimations, BOD, TN and TP were 9,132.3, 2,727.2 and 304.2 kg/day, respectively. In addition, municipal sewage by the population as pollution sources and the city of Kwangyang as administrative district had the highest loads. For a appropriate water quality recovery of Kwangyang Bay, it is suggested that it is essential to estimate reduction rate of total pollutant loads by water quality modeling.

ORIGINAL ARTICLES : Contribution of Non-Point Pollution to Water Quality and Runoff Characteristics from Agricultural Area of the Upstream Watersheds of lake Chinyang

( Chun Sik Lee ),( Seong Ho Jang ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

In this study. non point source(NPS) contribution was investigated based on flow rates and water qualities of Streams into the lake during rainfall events. Event mean concentration(EMC)and the pollution loads were calculated To establish a database for NPS control measurement in the survey area, and so on. The runoff characteristics of NPS Were investigated and estimated on the basis of the ratio of an agricultural to forest area in the stream of sub catch Basin during rainfall events Non point source pollution loads were also calculated to establish a database for NPS Control measure in the upstream lake Chinyang. At a rainfall event, BOD concentrations rise sharply at the early peak Time of runoff, however, peaks of TSS concentration were observed at the similar time of peak flow. This was a Phenomenon shown at the watersheds caused by forest and geological types. The discharged EMC range was 2.9.4.8 Mg/L in terms of BOD. The discharged EMC range was 6.2.8.2 mg/L in terms of SS. The discharged EMCs of T-N And T-P were 1.4.2.5 mg/L and 0.059-0.233mg/L respectively. Total BOD loading rate through the 3 tributaries to The lake Chinyang was 1,136kg/d during dry weather. The upper watershed area of the Nam-river dam in this study Was divided into 14 catchment basins based on the Korean guideline for total maximum daily load(TMDL)of water Quality pollutants. The higher the agricultural land use ratio, the more NPS loading rate discharged, but the more Occupied a forest area, the lower more NPS loading rate discharged. In an agricultural land use area more than 20%, The increase of NPS loadings might be dramatically diffused by increasing the integrated complex use like viny1 house Facilities and fertilizer use etc. according to the effective land use utilization. The NPS loading rates were BOD 0.3 Kg/ha day, SS 0.21kg/ha day, TN0.02kg/ha day, TP 0.005kg/ha day under less than 10% agricultural land use. In Agricultural land use of 20% 50%, these values were investigated in the range of 0.32kg/ha day 0.73kg/ha day for BOD,0.92kg/ha day 3.32kg/ ha day for SS,0.70kg/ha day 0.90kg/ha day TN,0.03kg/ha day 0.044kg/ha day for TP.

수질오염총량관리 단위유역별 오염물질 배출부하량 특성분석 -금강수계를 대상으로

박준대 ( Jun Dae Park ),최옥연 ( Youn Choi Ok ),오승영 ( Seung Young Oh ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Water quality management should be focused on the pollution concentrated area so that the improvement of water quality can be achieved effectively for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). It is necessary to consider discharge characteristics in the TMDL plan. This study analysed discharge characteristics such as pollution generation and discharge load density, and reduction potential by each unit watershed, and categorized the unit watershed into four groups according to its discharge load characteristics. This analysis can be used as helpful information for the prioritization of pollution reduction area and selection of pollution reduction measures in the development of TMDL plans.

수질오염총량관리 합류식지역의 우기시 관거이송 변화유형

박준대 ( Jun Dae Park ),오승영 ( Seung Young Oh ),김지태 ( Ji Tae Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2010 한국물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Discharged pollution load is varied as rainfall changes in the area with combined sewer system. Changes in discharged pollution load are directly related with those of sewer transfer flow. Therefore, it is important to identify the pattern of sewer transfer flow for the analysis of changes in discharged pollution load. This study reviewed the type of distribution of sewer transfer flow for 17 sewage treatment plants and developed simple formular to estimate sewer transfer flow as rainfall changes. 11 facilities showed to have some relation with rainfall in the change of sewer transfer flow but 6 facilities to have no relation. Relationships between rainfall amount and sewer transfer flow showed that 6 facilities out of 11 had relatively strong relationships above R2=0.5, which were considered to be affected directly by rainfall changes. The formular which explain the relationship between rainfall and sewer transfer flow can be applied in the analysis of rainfall effects on discharged pollution load, therefore, the more appropriate evaluation will be done.

수질오염총량관리계획 수립을 위한 유달부하량 추정방법 연구

황하선 ( Ha Sun Hwang ),이한필 ( Han Pil Rhee ),안기홍 ( Ki Hong Ahn ),박지형 ( Ji Hyung Park ),김용석 ( Yong Seok Kim ),이성준 ( Sung Jun Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Total Pollution Load Control (TPLC) calculates and manages the allowable pollutant load that is discharged from the watershed, which can meet the water quality target. Delivery Ratio (DR) is generally used for predicting the variation of pollutant mass balance between the pollutants discharged from the watershed and a certain point in the stream, and it is veryimportant for estimation of accurate allowable pollutant load. The concept of DR in TPLC is different from prevalent DR, because DR in TPLC includes both the discharge of pollutants from the watershed and the delivery mechanism. Therefore, DR in TPLC should be estimated by using a proper and unified methodology. The appropriate method and equation for estimation of DR in TPLC was developed through the review of various methodologies, and the applicability of the equation was evaluated in a study area (Geumho A). Determination coefficients (R2) of regression were shown to be relatively high (BOD 0.71~0.87, T-N 0.86~0.90, T-P 0.62~0.69). Applicability of the developed methodology and equations was evaluated as appropriate for TPLC, and it is suggested.