디자인 전문잡지에 나타난 제품디자인 조형언어 서술 구조에 관한 연구

장현진,채승진 한국기초조형학회 2008 기초조형학연구 Vol.9 No.6

Design can be defined the planned arrangement of elements to form a visual pattern or the presentation of meaningful visual language. It can be or should be also presented by the narrative language. Designers use variety of visual language when they practice their design works. However they create plentiful visual element and language, they pronounce few words of narrative language that could be turned into some forms of words and texts. The cliche, "a picture is worth a thousand words." is true and important, but the picture of design or design result itself has to be interpreted a written or vocal communication media because designer could not explain his design and concept person by person in this mass society. Since designers confront difficulties to build good interpretation between visual language into narrative one. There are many cases on discrepancies and misunderstanding between designs and texts. This study would like to handle such issue through analysing the new product design introduction articles of design magazines. To establish the criteria of visual language, the study reviews critical literatures dealing visual elements and principles. There are good reasoning and criteria in the area of visual language and principle, but the article of design magazines use them in limited level. Then, again, they allocates general portion of text to explain quantitative data such as dimension, velocity, processing time laps, pixels, or price. This study analyses those problems of product narrations, and suggest desirable use of text and visual language to provide efficient communication audience the design quality. Design can be defined the planned arrangement of elements to form a visual pattern or the presentation of meaningful visual language. It can be or should be also presented by the narrative language. Designers use variety of visual language when they practice their design works. However they create plentiful visual element and language, they pronounce few words of narrative language that could be turned into some forms of words and texts. The cliche, "a picture is worth a thousand words." is true and important, but the picture of design or design result itself has to be interpreted a written or vocal communication media because designer could not explain his design and concept person by person in this mass society. Since designers confront difficulties to build good interpretation between visual language into narrative one. There are many cases on discrepancies and misunderstanding between designs and texts. This study would like to handle such issue through analysing the new product design introduction articles of design magazines. To establish the criteria of visual language, the study reviews critical literatures dealing visual elements and principles. There are good reasoning and criteria in the area of visual language and principle, but the article of design magazines use them in limited level. Then, again, they allocates general portion of text to explain quantitative data such as dimension, velocity, processing time laps, pixels, or price. This study analyses those problems of product narrations, and suggest desirable use of text and visual language to provide efficient communication audience the design quality.

질적 디자인 리서치를 위한 언어 분석 방법에 관한 연구

이유진 한국기초조형학회 2020 기초조형학연구 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to systemize a linguistic analysis model for qualitative design research from the semantics of linguistic philosophy. The scope of this study is based on Wittgenstein's ‘Philosophical Investigations’ and literature materials. There were four studies based on Wittgenstein's philosophy as a theoretical background in design studies, but there was no study that systematized qualitative design research methods in linguistic analysis. The research method is to organize the main concepts of 'Philosophical Investigations', discuss the relationship of natural language’s meaning and design language’s meaning, and then construct a basic model of linguistic analysis for qualitative design research. The research results are as follows. 1) A language is a tool for carrying thoughts, and the meaning of natural language is determined by its use. 2) A language is formed by the language game and the family resemblance, and mental language that expresses emotions and sensations is replaced by expressions of specific actions or types of expressions. 3) The action of seeing is influenced by the social context, such as culture and custom, which is projected onto the language in connection with the form of life. 4) A natural language and a design language are interrelated, and the meaning of use in design can be inferred from the inflectional-centered action language. 5) The former and latter Wittgenstein’s reasons are in complementary relation between the logic of meaning and the practice of meaning. Therefore, the two directions of design research can be arranged based on these two reasons. 6) The Linguistic analysis model for qualitative design research is analyzed divide into external language, internal language, and symbolic language. 7) Among them, the center of design meaning is located in the predicate inflectional. 8) During the semantic analysis, the part of cognition and action, and the part of interest and desire are coded(concepts) and categorized(items) in the integration of design semantics. 9) The future research task is to reconsider the user’s qualitative semantic centrality for a specific design using the analysis model presented in this study and develop it to a fusion and convergence design research method. 연구 목적은 언어 철학 관점의 의미론으로부터 질적인 디자인 리서치를 위한 언어 분석 모델을 체계화하는 것이다. 연구 범위는 후기 비트겐슈타인의 ‘철학적 탐구’와 이를 토대로 한 문헌 자료이다. 디자인 연구에서 비트겐슈타인의 철학을 이론적 배경으로 삼은 연구는 총 4편이었으며, 이중 언어 분석으로 디자인의 질적 조사 방법을 체계화한 연구는 없었다. 연구 방법은 ‘철학적 탐구’의 주요 개념을 정리하고 이로부터 일상 언어의 의미와 디자인 언어의 의미 관계를 논의한 후, 질적인 디자인 리서치를 위한 언어 분석의 기초 모델을 구성하는 것이다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 언어는 사고를 싣는 도구이며, 일상 언어는 사용에 의해 의미가 결정된다. 2) 언어는 언어 게임과 언어의 가족 유사성으로 형성되며, 감정이나 느낌을 나타내는 심적 언어는 구체적인 행동의 표현이나 표현의 종류로 대치된다. 3) 봄(seeing)의 행위는 문화, 관습 등의 사회적 맥락에 영향을 받으며, 이는 삶의 형식에 관여하여 언어에 투영된다. 4) 일상 언어와 디자인 언어는 상호 관계가 있으며 디자인에서 사용의 의미는 용언 중심의 행위 언어로부터 의미를 추론할 수 있다. 5) 전, 후기 비트겐슈타인의 사유는 의미의 논리와 의미의 실천이라는 상보적 관계에 있다. 따라서 이 두 가지 사유를 기초로 디자인 리서치의 두 가지 방향을 정리할 수 있다. 6) 질적인 디자인 리서치를 위한 언어 분석 모델은 외적 언어와 내적 언어 및 상징언어로 나누어 분석한다. 7) 이중 디자인 의미의 중심은 서술부 용언에 위치한다. 8) 의미 분석 중 인지와 행동부분, 흥미와 욕구 부분을 통합하여 디자인 의미로 코딩(개념)하고 범주(항목)화한다. 9) 향후 연구 과제는 제시한 분석 모델을 활용해 특정 디자인에 대한 사용자의 질적인 의미 중심성을 재고하고, 이를 융·복합적 디자인조사 방법으로 심화하는 것이다.

디자인 언어개념 정립을 통한 인더스트리얼디자인 언어 교육콘텐츠 연구

유연식 ( Yoo Yeon-sik ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2011 한국디자인포럼 Vol.32 No.-

디지털, 인공지능기술과 같은 산업 중심기술의 변화로 디자인은 `유형상품`에서 `무형상품`으로 그 대상이 확대되어가고 있으며 이로 말미암아 디자인 커뮤니케이션에서는 언어사용의 비중이 더 높아지고 있다. 이제 대학의 디자인교육에서도 언어를 디자인교육의 중요 항목으로 다루어야 하며 이를 위한 다양한 교육콘텐츠의 개발과 실험이 필요하다. 이 연구는 인더스트리얼디자인 언어교육 개념을 정립하는 연구로서 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 2장에서는 디자인개념의 의미를 정립하였으며 이를 디자인 실물개념, 디자인 그림개념, 디자인 언어개념과 같은 디자인커뮤니케이션 수단들과 관련지어 그 의미를 세분화하여 정립하였다. 3.2장에서는 인지심리학의 `개념과 범주화 이론`을 활용하여 `단어개념, 문장개념`, `통합개념, 속성개념`, `개념, 개념 기능선택`, `관계개념, 관계모형`이라는 디자인 언어개념 교육 요소들을 도출하였다. 3.3장에서는 2.3장의 연구내용을 바탕으로 `언어개념 현황 인지`와 `언어개념 인지 경제성`, `언어개념 인지 정보성`, `언어개념 인지 개인성`, `언어개념 인지 기본수준`의 향상이라는 5가지의 디자인 언어개념의 교육 주제를 도출하였다. Under the transformation of main industrial technologies such as digital and artificial intelligence technique, the target of design is expanding from `tangible product` to `intangible product,` and this leads to the greater importance of language use in design communication. Design education in universities should now treat language as an important factor of design education, and the development and experiment of various educational content are necessary. This study is to define language educational concept in industrial design and following conclusions were drawn from the study. In chapter 2, the meaning of design concept was defined and it was segmentalized according to its relations with methods of design communication such as design nature concept, design picture concept, and design language concept. In chapter 3.2, by using `concept and categorization theory` of cognitive psychology, educational factors of design-language concept such as `word concept, sentence concept,` `integrated concept, attributional concept,` `concept, concept function selection,` and `relational concept, relational model`. In chapter 3.3, five educational topics for design-language concept has been drawn from the studies in chapter 2 and 3: `recognition of language concept`s present condition,` `economic feasibility of language concept recognition,` `information of language concept recognition,` `individuality of language concept recognition,` and `basic-level of language concept recognition.`

Emotion Corpus Study Using an Emotional Lexicon Dictionary in Design Scenarios -Focusing on the eVolo Architecture Competition Scenario-

황정석,조택연 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

(Research Background and Purpose) The linguistic understanding of Design is an important insight that can lead to the interpretation and creation of formal elements. Although early philosophy distinguishes between what can be said and what cannot be said, and what cannot be said should be kept silent, the interpretation of Design phenomena is possible through Design Scenarios, which are the spoken results of Design and formal elements. Moreover, both Design and language are embedded with emotions, and understanding the structure of emotions is important as a point of contact for all cognition. This study aims to improve the linguistic understanding of Design by structuring a Corpus of Design language derived from Sentiment Analysis, targeting the language of the eVolo architectural competition, which describes Design Scenarios for global conflict resolution and future spatial living. (Method) In order to recognize Design emotions in the language structure, we analyse the previous research on big data-based sentiment analysis and natural language processing. For the Sentiment Analysis experiment, the scenarios of 115 winning works from the five years of the eVolo competition are selected as the scope of the study. Analyse the emotions reflected in the language using the BERT and NRC emotion dictionaries. Classify Design emotions in a linguistic Corpus using the frequency of emotion words in the pre-processed data, and define a Design topic Corpus using topic modelling. By applying structured language research methods to Design research, we confirm the possibility of effective interpretation and creation through understanding the emotional structure implied in the Design of future architecture and space. (Results) This study used techniques from linguistic research to analyse and structure the complex emotional structure of the Design Scenarios. The resulting keywords can be organised into 9 emotion categories and 10 topic corpora, suggesting that in the future, Designs with similar emotional and topic structures can be structured based on language in Design and moulding production. (Conclusion) There's a lot to think about when it comes to why language is important in Design. As Ray Zekendorf said, nothing is communicated without language, we can clearly recognize the essence of meaning through language, and that is important. Moreover, in the era of realised generative AI, Designers also need considerable linguistic understanding for effective prompt input, and the attempt to recognize the emotional Corpus structure of Design languages through Sentiment Analysis presented in this study is effective. However, as this study focuses on the language used around the emotional structure rather than the specific formative language, the relationship between form and language needs to be more clearly supported by future research, such as the discovery of formative language dictionaries based on big data.

Research on Body Language Identity Design

Yang yong,Dong Xueni 한국공학안전보건예술학회 2011 한국공학예술학회 논문지 Vol.3 No.-

Body language identity design is a kind of recognizable design through the body language design. Various sporadic-type body languages exist in our lives; and the design-type body language is most represented by AGI application. It has enriched the performance space of visual identification, so that the body language identity design becomes a new identity system.

디자인 인공지능을 활용하기 위한 조형 언어 연구 -베이비 스키마 조형 언어를 중심으로-

황정석,조택연 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.8

(Background and purpose of research) With the emergence of a new design system known as artificial intelligence (AI) design, various discussions and studies beyond creative applications are being actively conducted. This study aims to discuss correct AI-based design research through the automatic generation of shapes based on a baby schema for cuteness and linguistic definitions of shape elements. Focusing on the visual and formative characteristics of the baby schema, which expresses cuteness considering universal aesthetic factors, the precise meaning of formative language and correct formative design methods are explained. From the perspective of evolutionary aesthetics and neuroaesthetics, we therefore explore the relationship between the digital language of AI and the supernormal stimulation and peak-shift cuteness of spatial modeling elements, aiming to derive and quantify human modeling language as a digital language for AI. (Method) To study the visual form of baby schemas using a digital formative language, first, through research on baby schemas as universal aesthetics, the likability mechanism behind cuteness is defined from an evolutionary aesthetic viewpoint. Second, through prior neurological research, the close relationship between the aesthetic sense of sculpture and language is examined. Third, the possibility of transforming Babiskima’s reduced plastic language into the digital plastic language of artificial intelligence is confirmed. Fourth, the baby schema’s eight digital modeling elements were verified through AI modeling experiments. (Results) To reproduce the aesthetic sense of sculpture with AI, we attempted to reconstruct the linguistic structure and found there is a difference in perception between humans and AI in interpreting phenomena. We also found that for the correct presentation, we needed to use the reduced-structure aesthetic language that composes the baby schema. This is a reminder that not only AI but also designers themselves must exercise correct cognitive thinking. (Conclusion) Cuteness can be defined as a concept of supernormal stimulus because it is an essential mechanism for human survival, which we reduced to a language of form. Pretty shapes, textures, colors, and environments serve as supernormal stimuli for the cognitive mechanisms of our aesthetic intelligence. Then, through a defined formative language, AI can be used to structurally reproduce the form of cuteness as a grammar of cuteness. This study will hopefully serve to guide the correct use and imagination of formative language as a means of expressing designers’ aesthetic sense.

디자인개념. 디자인 언어개념

유연식 ( Yoo Yeon-sik ) 한국산업디자이너협회 2010 산업디자인학연구 Vol.4 No.3

The new design terminologies such as digital, artificial intelligence technology, global environment problem and humanism design are appearing due to change of design environment while the meaning of existing design terminologies are also getting changed. Also, the designers are increasing design terminologies for the precise design communication. For that reason, the systematization on design terminology education contents for design education is necessary. This study is the one establishing the theoretic basis of design terminology education model development study based on the conceptual theory of cognitive psychology. As a result, the design terminology education has been provided as design concept and design language concept communication. The characteristics of design concept and design language concept was provided as ones where the concept having design knowledge, universality and unity, etc that have secured objective validity was embodied as language. In such theoretic basis, five study concepts such as the study on selection of industrial design language concept, cognitive economic efficiency, cognitive information ability, basic level of cognition and conceptual cognition individuality, etc were extracted as next stage study objectives of industrial design language concept education model.

기업 디자인 랭기지 사례분석을 통한 특성과 진화적 속성 연구- 자동차와 제품디자인의 조형요소를 중심으로 -

원호연 한국기초조형학회 2018 기초조형학연구 Vol.19 No.6

Design leaders such as Porsche, BMW and Apple have a solid design identity. The identity is established through the thoroughly planned Design Langage strategy. Design Langage is a guideline for internal design execution for delivering consistent and unified design image to consumers under the design philosophy, vision, core value or principle pursued by the company. It is getting more important for establishing design identity and its continuous management. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning and role of design language, to utilize it as reference for establishing design strategy and reconsideration related to by analyzing the required design characteristics and evolutionary attributes through case study of company's design language. First, the characteristics of the derived design language are identity, consistency, originality, differentiation, symbol and heritage. and The more design leaders that build strong design images and maintain identity in the market, the better these characteristics are reflected. The formed design identity maintains consistency in the evolution of each generation, and pursues own originality and distinctiveness that distinguishes from other competitors, also creates symbolism and heritage through continuous management. Second, the analyzed evolutionary attitude of design language is that companies maintain their design identity for a long time seek long-term, planned change, and make progressive evolution keeping the given design guideline for maintaining own design images. In conclusion, it is essential to establish the design Langage strategy for independent design leadership in the competitive market. the companies should create design identity first through it, and pursue design consistency and unity continuously, also explore new design change and evolve with new technologies and environments. 디자인 선도기업인 포르쉐, BMW 및 애플 등은 확고한 디자인 정체성을 가지고 있다. 이 같은 정체성 확립은철저히 계획된 디자인 랭기지 전략을 통해 이미지가 구축된다. 디자인 랭기지는 기업이 추구하는 디자인 철학, 비전, 핵심가치 또는 원칙하에, 디자인을 통해 소비자에게 일관되고 통일된 디자인 이미지를 전달하기 위한 내부적 디자인실행 가이드라인으로, 디자인 정체성 확립과 지속적 관리를 위해 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 디자인 랭기지의 개념과 역할을 이해하고, 기업의 디자인 랭기지 사례조사를 통해 요구되는 디자인특성과 진화적 속성을 분석하여, 이와 관련한 디자인전략 수립과 재고를 위한 참고자료의 활용에 둔다. 첫째, 도출된 디자인 랭기지의 특징은 정체성, 일관성, 독창성, 차별성, 상징성 및 상속성으로, 시장에서 강력한 디자인 이미지를 구축하고 정체성을 유지하는 디자인 선도기업일수록 이 같은 특성들을이 잘 반영되고 있다. 형성된디자인 정체성에 대해 세대별 진화 과정 속에서도 일관성을 유지하며, 자사만의 가지는 개성인 독창성과 다른경쟁사와 구별되는 차별성을 추구하고, 지속적인 관리를 통해 상징성과 헤리티지를 만들고 있다. 둘째, 분석된디자인 랭기지의 진화적 속성은 오랜 기간 디자인 정체성을 잘 유지하는 기업일수록 장기적이고 계획된 변화를추구하며, 형성된 자사만의 디자인 이미지를 유지하기 위해 주어진 디자인 가이드라인을 지키며 점진적 진화를만들고 있다. 결론적으로 기업이 경쟁시장에서 독자적인 디자인 리더십을 가지기 위해서 디자인 랭기지 전략의수립과 계획적 활용이 필수적이다. 기업은 디자인 랭기지를 통해 디자인 정체성이 우선 수립되어야하며 지속적으로 디자인 일관성과 통일성이 추구되어야 한다. 또한 새로운 기술과 환경에 따라 디자인 변화를 탐구하고 진화를 만들어야 한다.

자동차 시그니처 헤드 라이팅의 디자인 랭기지 특성과 진화적 속성 연구 - 독일 자동차 브랜드 3사의 주요 플레그쉽 세단모델을 중심으로 -

원호연 한국기초조형학회 2024 기초조형학연구 Vol.25 No.4

세계시장에서 애플, 다이슨, 포르쉐, 레인지로버 등 디자인 선도기업일수록 디자인의 통일성과 정체성이 잘 관리되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 같은 기업들은 디자인 랭기지를 디자인 이미지 구축과 유지 전략으로 운영하고 있다. 본 연구는 세계 자동차 시장을 이끄는 독일 3사인, BMW, 벤츠 및 아우디를 대상으로, 중요 디자인 요소 중의 하나인 시그니처 헤드 라이팅에 대한 디자인 랭기지 특성과 진화적 속성 분석에 목적을 둔다. 연구 방법으로 디자인 랭기지와 헤드라이트의 기술에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 특성을 탐구하고, 대상 기업의 세대별 모델 디자인 변화에 따른 사례조사를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 나온 결과를 전문가 평가를 반영하여 진화적 특성과 속성을 최종 분석하였다. 도출된 결론을 보면, 먼저 디자인 랭기지의 3가지 특성(정체성, 차별성, 일관성) 측면에서, 가장 높게 평가되는 기업은 BMW으로 전반적으로 디자인 이미지 관리를 잘 견지하고 있었다. 그리고 현대적 디자인으로 통일감을 유지하는 아우디가 뒤를 이었다. 벤츠는 타사에 비해 세대별 디자인 변화의 폭이 크게 나타났다. 둘째로, 진화적 속성 관점에서, BMW는 장기적 진화의 과정에서 핵심을 잘 관리하면서 점진적 변화를 꾀하여 오고 있고, 아우디도 현대에 들어 디자인 랭기지의 통일성과 변화의 진보성을 균형 있게 발전시키고 있다. 벤츠는 세대 간 디자인 변화와 디자인 다양성을 보여주었다. 전체적으로 보면, 2010년대부터는 벤츠 포함 아우디와 BMW까지 독자적인 디자인 이미지 구축의 노력과 함께, 이전 세대보다 더 진보성을 가진 디자인 정체성을 구축하며 디자인 랭기지를 잘 관리해오고 있다. 이 같은 전략은 치열한 경쟁 시장에서 자사의 구축된 디자인 이미지를 더욱 확고히 하고, 구별되는 요소를 유지하는 경향으로 볼 수 있다. In the global market, design-leading companies such as Apple, Dyson, Porsche, and Range Rover are better managing design unity and identity. These companies operate their design language as a strategy to build and maintain their design image. This study aims to analyze the design language characteristics and evolutionary properties of signature head lighting, one of the important design elements, targeting the three German companies leading the global automobile market, BMW, Benz and Audi. As a research method, the characteristic elements were explored through theoretical consideration of design language and headlight technology, and a case study was conducted on the changes in model design by generation of the target company. The results obtained through this were finally analyzed in terms of evolutionary characteristics and properties by reflecting expert evaluations. Based on the conclusions drawn, in terms of the three characteristics of design language (identity, differentiation, and consistency), the company rated the highest was BMW, which has maintained its design image well overall, followed by Audi, which maintained a sense of unity through modern design. Compared to other companies, Benz showed a wider range of design changes by generation. Second, from the perspective of evolutionary attributes, BMW has been seeking gradual change while managing its core well in the process of long-term evolution, and Audi has also been developing the unity of design language and the progressiveness of change in a balanced way in modern times. Benz showed inter-generational design changes and design diversity. In overall, since the 2010s, Benz, Audi, and BMW have been trying to build their own design images, establishing a design identity that is more progressive than the previous generation, and managing their design language well. This strategy can be seen as a tendency to further solidify the company's established design image and maintain distinctive elements in a fiercely competitive market.

A Structure and Framework for Sign Language Interaction

Soyoung Kim,Younghwan Pan 대한인간공학회 2015 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

Objective:The goal of this thesis is to design the interaction structure and framework of system to recognize sign language. Background: The sign language of meaningful individual gestures is combined to construct a sentence, so it is difficult to interpret and recognize the meaning of hand gesture for system, because of the sequence of continuous gestures. This being so, in order to interpret the meaning of individual gesture correctly, the interaction structure and framework are needed so that they can segment the indication of individual gesture. Method: We analyze 700 sign language words to structuralize the sign language gesture interaction. First of all, we analyze the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Second, we analyze the movement of the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Third, we analyze the type of other gestures except hands. Based on this, we design a framework for sign language interaction. Results: We elicited 8 patterns of hand gesture on the basis of the fact on whether the gesture has a change from starting point to ending point. And then, we analyzed the hand movement based on 3 elements: patterns of movement, direction, and whether hand movement is repeating or not. Moreover, we defined 11 movements of other gestures except hands and classified 8 types of interaction. The framework for sign language interaction, which was designed based on this mentioned above, applies to more than 700 individual gestures of the sign language, and can be classified as an individual gesture in spite of situation which has continuous gestures. Conclusion: This study has structuralized in 3 aspects defined to analyze the transformational patterns of the starting point and the ending point of hand shape, hand movement, and other gestures except hands for sign language interaction. Based on this, we designed the framework that can recognize the individual gestures and interpret the meaning more accurately, when meaningful individual gesture is input sequence of continuous gestures. Application: When we develop the system of sign language recognition, we can apply interaction framework to it. Structuralized gesture can be used for using database of sign language, inventing an automatic recognition system, and studying on the action gestures in other areas.