Effects of the exposure site on histological pulpal responses after direct capping with 2 calcium-silicate based cements in a rat model

Panruethai Trongkij,Supachai Sutimuntanakul,Puangwan Lapthanasupkul,Chitpol Chaimanakarn,Rebecca Wong,Danuchit Banomyong 대한치과보존학회 2018 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.43 No.4

Objectives: Direct pulp capping is a treatment for mechanically exposed pulp in which a biocompatible capping material is used to preserve pulpal vitality. Biocompatibility tests in animal studies have used a variety of experimental protocols, particularly with regard to the exposure site. In this study, pulp exposure on the occlusal and mesial surfaces of molar teeth was investigated in a rat model. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 maxillary first molars of Wistar rats were used. Forty molars were mechanically exposed and randomly assigned according to 3 factors: 1) the exposure site (occlusal or mesial), 2) the pulp-capping material (ProRoot White MTA or Bio-MA), and 3) 2 follow-up periods (1 day or 7 days) (n = 5 each). The pulp of 6 intact molars served as negative controls. The pulp of 12 molars was exposed without a capping material (n = 3 per exposure site for each period) and served as positive controls. Inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation were histologically evaluated at 1 and 7 days using grading scores. Results: At 1 day, localized mild inflammation was detected in most teeth in all experimental groups. At 7 days, continuous/discontinuous calcified bridges were formed at exposure sites with no or few inflammatory cells. No significant differences in pulpal response according to the exposure site or calcium-silicate cement were observed. Conclusions: The location of the exposure site had no effect on rat pulpal healing. However, mesial exposures could be performed easily, with more consistent results. The pulpal responses were not significantly different between the 2 capping materials.

Effects of the exposure site on histological pulpal responses after direct capping with 2 calcium-silicate based cements in a rat model

Trongkij, Panruethai,Sutimuntanakul, Supachai,Lapthanasupkul, Puangwan,Chaimanakarn, Chitpol,Wong, Rebecca,Banomyong, Danuchit The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2018 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.43 No.4

Objectives: Direct pulp capping is a treatment for mechanically exposed pulp in which a biocompatible capping material is used to preserve pulpal vitality. Biocompatibility tests in animal studies have used a variety of experimental protocols, particularly with regard to the exposure site. In this study, pulp exposure on the occlusal and mesial surfaces of molar teeth was investigated in a rat model. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 maxillary first molars of Wistar rats were used. Forty molars were mechanically exposed and randomly assigned according to 3 factors: 1) the exposure site (occlusal or mesial), 2) the pulp-capping material (ProRoot White MTA or Bio-MA), and 3) 2 follow-up periods (1 day or 7 days) (n = 5 each). The pulp of 6 intact molars served as negative controls. The pulp of 12 molars was exposed without a capping material (n = 3 per exposure site for each period) and served as positive controls. Inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation were histologically evaluated at 1 and 7 days using grading scores. Results: At 1 day, localized mild inflammation was detected in most teeth in all experimental groups. At 7 days, continuous/discontinuous calcified bridges were formed at exposure sites with no or few inflammatory cells. No significant differences in pulpal response according to the exposure site or calcium-silicate cement were observed. Conclusions: The location of the exposure site had no effect on rat pulpal healing. However, mesial exposures could be performed easily, with more consistent results. The pulpal responses were not significantly different between the 2 capping materials.

미성숙 외상 상와 중절치의 mineral trioxide aggregate를 이용한 치료: 증례보고

이가영 ( Ka Young Lee ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),이난영 ( Nan Young Lee ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2012 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.36 No.2

Injury to young permanent teeth occurs frequently in children and adolescents following orofacial trauma. In traumatized immature teeth with pulp exposure, preservation of pulp vitality is important. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as a pulp capping agent that promotes root development and apical closure, has recently gained attention due to its favorable physical and biological properties. In this a d e, we report two cases of traumatized maxillary central incisors that were treated with MTA following direct pulp capping.

Stem cell-derived exosomes for dentin-pulp complex regeneration: a mini-review

Hammouda Dina A.,Mansour Alaa M,Saeed Mahmoud A.,Zaher Ahmed R.,Grawish Mohammed E. 대한치과보존학회 2023 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.48 No.2

This mini-review was conducted to present an overview of the use of exosomes in regenerating the dentin-pulp complex (DPC). The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2023. The findings of basic in vitro studies indicated that exosomes enhance the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal cells, as human dental pulp stem cells, via mitogen-activated protein kinases and Wingless-Int signaling pathways. In addition, they possess proangiogenic potential and contribute to neovascularization and capillary tube formation by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Likewise, they regulate the migration and differentiation of Schwann cells, facilitate the conversion of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and mediate immune suppression as they promote regulatory T cell conversion. Basic in vivo studies have indicated that exosomes triggered the regeneration of dentin-pulp–like tissue, and exosomes isolated under odontogenic circumstances are particularly strong inducers of tissue regeneration and stem cell differentiation. Exosomes are a promising regenerative tool for DPC in cases of small pulp exposure or for whole-pulp tissue regeneration.

Direct Pulp Capping of an Immature Permanent Tooth with Caries and Pulp Exposure Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Case Report

신수일 대한예방치과학회 2020 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.16 No.3

Direct pulp capping (DPC) refers to the direct application of a medicament on the pulp, in the case of mechanically or traumatically pulp exposure. This technique is reported to be highly successful following the development of biocompatible medicaments in recent years and has contributed to the successful treatment for carious teeth with pulp exposure. Using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), DPC was performed on an immature permanent mandibular right molar tooth with extensive caries in a 9-year-old male patient. The patient did not complain of any postoperative pain. Furthermore, an increase in the length of the root and the thickness of the canal wall was observed. Based on these findings, the treatment was considered to be successful. Furthermore, this report discusses the guidelines and indications for the treatment of immature permanent carious teeth with pulp exposure via DPC using MTA.

Mineralization-inducing potentials of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials in human dental pulp cells

Sohee Kang 영남대학교 의과대학 2020 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.37 No.3

Background: To provide a long-term bacterial seal through the formation of reparative dentin bridge, calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials have been used at sites of pulpal exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineralization-inducing potentials of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials (ProRoot MTA [PR], Biodentine [BD], and TheraCal LC [TC]) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Methods: Specimens of test materials were placed in deionized water for various incubation times to measure the pH variation and the concentration of calcium released. The morphology of HDPCs cultured on the specimens was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assays were used to evaluate mineralization-inducing potentials of the capping materials. Results: BD showed the highest calcium release in all test periods, followed by PR and TC. (p

Bioactivity of endodontic biomaterials on dental pulp stem cells through dentin

Bahar Javid,Narges Panahandeh,Hassan Torabzadeh,Hamid Nazarian,Ardavan Parhizkar,Saeed Asgary 대한치과보존학회 2020 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.45 No.1

Objectives: This study investigated the indirect effect of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as 2 calcium silicate-based hydraulic cements, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through different dentin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: Two-chamber setups were designed to simulate indirect pulp capping (IPC). Human molars were sectioned to obtain 0.1-, 0.3-, and 0.5-mm-thick dentin discs, which were placed between the 2 chambers to simulate an IPC procedure. Then, MTA and CEM were applied on one side of the discs, while hDPSCs were cultured on the other side. After 2 weeks of incubation, the cells were removed, and cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment to the discs were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXA) spectroscopy was performed for elemental analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed quantitatively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: SEM micrographs revealed elongated cells, collagen fibers, and calcified nucleations in all samples. EDXA verified that the calcified nucleations consisted of calcium phosphate. The largest calcifications were seen in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroups. There was no significant difference in ALP activity across the CEM subgroups; however, ALP activity was significantly lower in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroup than in the other MTA subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The employed capping biomaterials exerted biological activity on hDPSCs, as shown by cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment and calcific precipitations, through 0.1- to 0.5-mm-thick layers of dentin. In IPC, the bioactivity of these endodontic biomaterials is probably beneficial.

Bioactivity of endodontic biomaterials on dental pulp stem cells through dentin

Javid, Bahar,Panahandeh, Narges,Torabzadeh, Hassan,Nazarian, Hamid,Parhizkar, Ardavan,Asgary, Saeed The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2020 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.45 No.1

Objectives: This study investigated the indirect effect of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as 2 calcium silicate-based hydraulic cements, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through different dentin thicknesses. Materials and Methods: Two-chamber setups were designed to simulate indirect pulp capping (IPC). Human molars were sectioned to obtain 0.1-, 0.3-, and 0.5-mm-thick dentin discs, which were placed between the 2 chambers to simulate an IPC procedure. Then, MTA and CEM were applied on one side of the discs, while hDPSCs were cultured on the other side. After 2 weeks of incubation, the cells were removed, and cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment to the discs were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXA) spectroscopy was performed for elemental analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed quantitatively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: SEM micrographs revealed elongated cells, collagen fibers, and calcified nucleations in all samples. EDXA verified that the calcified nucleations consisted of calcium phosphate. The largest calcifications were seen in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroups. There was no significant difference in ALP activity across the CEM subgroups; however, ALP activity was significantly lower in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroup than in the other MTA subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The employed capping biomaterials exerted biological activity on hDPSCs, as shown by cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment and calcific precipitations, through 0.1- to 0.5-mm-thick layers of dentin. In IPC, the bioactivity of these endodontic biomaterials is probably beneficial.

Mineral trioxide aggregate가 인간치수세포에서 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

김용범,손원준,이우철,금기연,백승호,배광식 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.3

이 연구에서는 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)를 in vitro로 인간치수세포에 적용하였을 때 유전자들의 변화를 조사하였다. 실험군은 MTA를 teflon tube (직경 10 mm 길이 2 mm)에 담아 4시간 경화시킨 후HDPCs에 적용하였고, 대조군은 빈 tub만을 적용하였다. 6, 24, 72시간 후 total RNA를 추출하여 microarray를 이용하여 분석하여, 2배 이상 또는 절반 이하의 변화를 보이는 유전자 중 선택적으로 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)을 사용하여 발현을 확인하였다. 24,546개의 유전자 중에서 109개의 유전자가 2배 이상 up-regulation되었으며(예. FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, TUFT1) 69개의 유전자가 50%이하로 down-regulation되었다(예. SMAD6, DCN). MTA는 bio-inert한 재료라기 보다는 치수세포에 다양한 경로로 영향을 주는 재료로 사료된다. 특히 치수세포의 분화와 증식에 관여하는 유전자의 변화에 영향을 주며 석회화 과정에 관여하는 유전자의 변화에 직접적인 영향을 주리라 사료된다. This study investigated the changes in gene expression when mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied in vitro to human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MTA in a teflon tube (diameter 10 mm, height 2mm) was applied to HDPCs. Empty tube-applied HDPCs were used as negative control. For microarray analysis, total RNA was extracted at 6, 24, and 72 hrs after MTA application. The results were confirmed selectively by performing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes that showed changes of more than two-fold or less than half. Of the 24,546 genes, 109 genes were up-regulated greater than twofold (e.g., FOSB, THBS1, BHLHB2, EDN1, IL11, FN1, COL10A1, and TUFT1) and 69 genes were downregulated below 50% (e.g., SMAD6 and DCN). These results suggest that MTA, rather than being a bioinert material, may have potential to affect the proliferation and differentiation of pulp cells in various ways.