근계영역에서 완충재 침식, 파이핑 현상 규명을 위한 실증실험 현황 및 BEPT 실험 소개

최승범(Seungbeom Choi),홍창호(Chang-Ho Hong),김지원(Ji-Won Kim),이민형(Minhyeong Lee),홍은수(Eun-Soo Hong),김진섭(Jin-Seop Kim) 한국암반공학회 2024 터널과지하공간 Vol.34 No.4

벤토나이트 완충재는 공학적방벽재 중 하나로 고준위방사성폐기물의 안전한 처분을 위해 매우 중요한 기능을 수행한다. 특정 지하수 조건에 의해 벤토나이트에 침식 혹은 파이핑 현상이 발생할 수 있으며, 이는 공학적방벽의 전반적인 안전성에 영향을 미친다. 이와 관련된 국내 선행 연구는 모두 실험실 규모에서 수행되었기 때문에, 그 결과의 유용함에도 불구하고 일정 부분 한계를 지닌다. 따라서 한국원자력연구원은 BEPT(Bentonite Erosion and Piping Test)를 계획하여 현장 조건으로의 확장 및 실증 연구를 수행할 계획이다. 자세한 실험 설계에 앞서, 처분 관련 기술 선도국에서 수행된 선행 연구를 수집하여 분석하였다. 적합 실험 부지, 시스템 설계 등을 분석하여 BEPT 상세 설계 시 반영하였다. 본 기술보고는 조사한 해외 사례와 함께 현재 진행 중인 BEPT 실험 현황을 소개하기 위해 작성되었다. Bentonite buffer material is an important component of engineered barrier designed for the safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Under certain groundwater conditions, erosion or piping phenomena of the material can happen, which may compromise the overall safety of the whole engineered barrier system. Previous domestic researches related to it have been conducted at a laboratory scale so that those are subject to some limitations, despite their valuable results. Therefore, KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has planned the BEPT (Bentonite Erosion and Piping Test) to extend and validate the previous works at a field conditions. Prior to detailed experimental design, case studies that had been conducted by leading countries in disposal research were collected and analyzed. The analyses included suitable site conditions and system design, which were incorporated into the detailed design of BEPT. This technical report aims to introduce the previous researches and the current status of the ongoing BEPT experiment.

중앙은행 디지털 통화(CBDC)의 필요성 및 CBDC 도입 관련 논점의 검토 - 일본에서의 CBDC 도입 논의를 중심으로 -

강영기,고영미 인하대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

Central banks in major countries are promoting research and development for the introduction of central bank digital currency (CBDC) with the aim of promoting digital transformation of the national economy, expanding financial inclusion, and reducing transaction costs between countries. CBDC refers to an electronic form of “digital currency” issued by the central bank. Although CBDC's review is underway worldwide, the reasons why CBDC began to be reviewed or the background of its introduction varies widely depending on the country. Currently, there are not many academic studies related to CBDC issuance. However, although we do not know when CBDC will be issued, if CBDC is actually issued, it is likely to have a significant impact on economic activities and payments, and it can lead to changes in the financial system. Therefore, it is necessary to improve understanding of this. In preparation for CBDC being actually issued, this paper examined the significance of CBDC introduction, the pros and cons of CBDC issuance, the review status of CBDC introduction in major countries, and related issues. Among major countries, especially Japan has the most similar cultural, institutional, and economic environment to Korea, so I looked at the current status of CBDC introduction in Japan. Regarding the introduction of CBDC, the Bank of Japan is also in the stage of investigating and experimenting. It is not clear whether the Japanese version of CBDC will be officially issued or not, but the world's interest in CBDC is gradually increasing amid the demonstration experiment of the Bank of Japan's CBDC as scheduled. Of course, depending on the Bank of Japan's research and development trends on CBDC, the situation may change significantly, and as a result, CBDC may not be introduced. According to recent trends related to the introduction of CBDC in Japan, the Bank of Japan continues to explain that “the Bank of Japan does not currently plan to issue CBDC,” but in reality, empirical experiments and institutional design reviews seem to have progressed considerably. Finally, even if the government, the National Assembly, and the people decide, it is believed that the Bank of Japan has already begun full-fledged preparations on the premise of issuing CBDC. However, as major countries are reviewing and preparing for CBDC issuance in earnest, it is necessary to keep a close eye on each country's trend of introducing CBDC. In addition, it is necessary to prepare for the maintenance of the system related to the introduction of CBDC and the type of introduction of CBDC. 주요국 중앙은행들이 국민경제의 디지털 전환 추진, 금융포용의 확대, 국가 간 거래비용 축소 등을 목적으로 한 중앙은행 디지털 통화(CBDC)의 도입을 위한 연구 및 개발을추진하고 있다. CBDC란 중앙은행이 발행하는 전자적 형태의 「디지털 통화」를 말한다. 세계적으로 CBDC의 검토가 진행되고 있지만, CBDC가 검토되기 시작한 이유나 도입에이른 배경은 국가에 따라 천차만별이다. 현재로서는 CBDC 발행과 관련된 학술적 연구도 별로 많지 않은 상황이다. 그런데 비록 CBDC 발행 시점이 언제가 될지는 모르지만, CBDC가 실제로 발행되면 경제활동과 결제에 상당한 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있고, 금융시스템의 변화를 초래할 수 있다. 그러므로 이에 대한 이해도를 높일 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 CBDC가 실제로 발행되는 상황이 될 것에 대비하여 CBDC에 대한 이해도를 높이기 위한 목적을 염두에 두고 CBDC의 도입이 갖는 의미와 CBDC 발행의 장단점, 주요 각국의 CBDC 도입 검토 현황과 관련 논의, CBDC 도입 필요성과 관련 논점등에 대하여 우리나라와 문화적, 제도적, 경제적으로 제반 환경이 가장 유사한 일본에서의 CBDC 도입 관련 현황에 대해 살펴보았다. CBDC와 관련하여 일본은행도 조사와 실험을 하는 단계에 있다. 일본판 CBDC가 정식으로 발행될지 아닌지는 명확하게 알 수없지만, 일본은행 CBDC의 실증 실험이 예정대로 진행되는 가운데 CBDC에 대한 세상의관심도 점차 높아지고 있다. 물론, 일본은행의 연구·개발 동향에 따라서는 상황이 크게변화되고 결과적으로 CBDC가 도입되지 않을 가능성도 있다. 일본에서의 CBDC 도입 관련 최근 동향을 보면, 「일본은행은 현재 CBDC를 발행할 계획이 없다」는 설명을 계속하는 상황이지만, 실제로는 실증 실험이나 제도 설계 검토가 상당히 진행된 상태로 보이고, 최종적으로는 정부, 국회, 국민이 결정한다고 해도 이미 CBDC 발행을 전제로 일본은행이 본격적인 준비를 시작한 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 주요국에서 CBDC 발행과 관련된검토 및 준비가 본격화하는 상황이므로 우리나라에서도 각국의 CBDC 도입 동향을 예의주시할 필요가 있다. 그리고 도입 관련 제도의 정비와 도입 형태 등에 대해서 준비작업을 해 둘 필요가 있다.

주택용 연료전지 및 보일러 연계시스템 배열회수 이용 실증실험

이은경(Eun-Kyung Lee),김민우(Min-Woo Kim),오건우(Gun-Woon Oh),이정운(Jung-Woon Lee),이승국(Seung-Kuk Lee) 한국신재생에너지학회 2018 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

태양열 온수기 실증연구를 통한 성능 평가

김재열(Kim, Jae-Yeol),곽이구(Kwac, Lee-Ku),양동조(Yang, Dong-Jo),최철준(Choi, Choul-Jun),김홍건(Kim, Hong-Gun) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.06

The advantages of solar energy are that it is renewable, infinite supplied and environmentally safe energy source. However, solar energy related products have the problems such as the limitation for installation, problems in maintenance and insufficient reliability which have been the barrier to consumers to satisfy the purchase need for solar heat related products. In this regard, in order to support the solar energy related companies the necessity for various technical information required for the commercialization of new products such as various performance test necessary for the certification of solar energy system, standardization for facilities and products, performance evaluation method and the measurement of performance is suggested. The purpose of this paper is to design the monitoring system for positive tests of system linked household hot water system using solar heat out of various solar energy systems, to establish an analysis and monitoring system for performance maintenance and operation technique, and to configure the centralized detection network by utilizing remote monitoring system. This research also aims at conducting monitoring for operation and performance evaluation in relation to database establishment and analytical evaluation and at describing the method of enhancing the reliability of solar energy system through the development of performance evaluation program.

능동제어형 조류발전 실증실험 위치 선정 연구

박준석(Jun-seok Park),박진순(Jin-soon Park),고진환(Jin-hwan Ko),이광수(Gwang-soo Lee) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2014 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

건물용 연료전지 실내 설치 복합배기통 실증실험 시작품 제작

백재훈(Jaehoon Baek),남태호(Taeho Nam),이정운(Jungwoon Lee),이승국(Seungkuk Lee),이연재(Yeonjae Lee) 한국신재생에너지학회 2016 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

행정법적 관점에서 본 한국형 규제샌드박스 제도의 문제

김태오 경북대학교 IT와 법연구소 2022 IT와 법 연구 Vol.- No.24

Innovation often conflicts with regulation. Regulatory lag arises from these conflicts. These conflicts are resolved as innovations are incrementally accepted by regulations. However, the digitally-enabled innovation that causes rapid change requires an immediate regulatory response. A new regulatory strategy called as regulatory sandbox has emerged as a transition mechanism that can mediate such rapid innovation. In January 2019, Korea introduced the Korean Regulatory Sandbox(hier after “KRS”). Regulatory sandbox is a safe harbor where consumers can be adequately protected while experimenting with innovative products, services, business models and transaction delivery. Regulatory sandbox is areas in which to trial innovation and regulation. The nature of regulatory sandbox can be seen as an experimental clause that provides a legal stepping stone to enable innovative new technology services while appropriately controlling risks. From an administrative law point of view, Regulatory Fast Track, which constitutes regulatory sandbox, has the nature of a commitment under administrative law equivalent to issuing a Non-Action Letter. Provisional Approval(hier after “PA”) and Regulatory Exceptions for Demonstration(hier after “RED”) allow for regulatory exemption, so broad discretion can be granted to administrative agencies. KRS has the following problems. First, KRS is spread by ministries in consideration of expertise in each field. PA and RED, which are practically the same, have different legal effects. Second, Innovation was actually delayed due to the absence of a deadline for clearing KRS’s procedures. Third, the market launch of new technology services was delayed in a situation where the interests and positions of each ministry conflicted in the stage of PA or RED, or in the process of post-legislative revision. Fourth, there are cases where an experiment that meets the purpose of the regulatory sandbox cannot be properly executed due to excessive additional clauses. In order to maintain current KRS for each ministry, it is necessary to unify at least the legal requirements and effects of regulatory sandboxes by sector. Although PA and RED are integrated, it is sufficient to reflect the current functions related to safety verification in the design process of experimental conditions. The deadline for KRS needs to be determined within 30 days of application prescribed by the Financial Innovation Act. In the process of regulatory sandboxes, it is important to make substantial decisions by implementing all procedures set by the current system. Ultimately, it is desirable to integrate the committee for deliberation and resolution into the Office for Government Policy Coordination. Excessive additional clauses need to be comprehensively coordinated to the principle of proportionality in consideration of the purpose of the regulatory sandbox and its concerns.

주택용 연료전지 및 보일러 복합설치 시스템 설치 안전기술 개발

이은경(Eun-Kyung Lee),김민우(Min-Woo Kim),오건우(Gun-Woo Oh),이정운(Jung-Woon Lee),이승국(Seung-Kuk Lee) 한국신재생에너지학회 2018 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

Validation of Performance of Engineered Barriers in a Geological Repository: Review of In-Situ Experimental Approach

조원진,김건영 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The guarantee of the performance of the engineered barriers in a geological repository is very important for the long-term safety of disposal as well as the efficient design of the repository. Therefore, the performance of the engineered barriers under repository condition should be demonstrated by in-situ experiments conducted in an underground research laboratory. This article provides a review of the major in-situ experiments that have been carried out over the past several decades at underground research laboratories around the world to validate the performance of engineered barriers of a repository, as well as their results. In-situ experiments to study the coupled thermal-hydraulicmechanical behavior of the engineered barrier system used to simulate the post-closure performance of the repository are analyzed as a priority. In addition, in-situ experiments to investigate the performance of the buffer material under a real repository environment have been reviewed. State-of-the art in-situ validations of the buffer-concrete interaction, and the installation of the buffer, backfill and plug, as well as characterization of the near-field rock and the corrosion of the canister materials are, also performed.

공기식 PVT 시스템이 연계된 공기 열원 히트펌프 시스템의 성능 및 특성 분석

김상명(Sangmyung Kim),김진희(Jinhee Kim),김준태(Juntae Kim) 한국태양에너지학회 2024 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.4