여대생의 비듬관리와 샴푸 실천에 관한 연구 - 서울 지역 여대생을 중심으로-

주명원,권대순 한국피부과학연구원 2011 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions of dandruff care and shampoo practicing and provide the data base necessary for scalp treatment industry focused on female college students who are likely to get worse in the condition of their scalp health due to various reasons. For this, a survey was carried out during the period from June 7th to 25th, 2010 of female college students who were in attendance at colleges located in Seoul and then statistical treatment was made using SPSSWIN 12.0 on the data. As the results of this study, it found that 42.5% of the total participants had dandruff. It found that 35.5% of the participants having dandruff was oily scalp. Also, in the case of students majoring in beauty treatment, it found that they felt the need of dandruff care more than those not majoring in beauty treatment and that they used more various shampoos than that of those not majoring in beauty treatment. If found no difference in the kinds of shampoo actually used according to whether they had dandruff or not. It found difference in the number of shampoo according to whether they had dandruff or not. This study investigated the actual conditions of female college students' dandruff care and their shampoo practicing. It is considered to need clinical study necessary for the maintenance of scalp health as the follow up study.

비듬에 대한 통계적 관찰 및 진균학적 성상

정현주(Hyeon Joo Jung),김도원(Do Won Kim),전재복(Jae Bok Jun),정상립(Sang Lip Chung) 대한피부과학회 1993 대한피부과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Background: Previous studies suggested that Pityrosporum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff. Objective : Our purpose was to study the statistical and mycobgic findings of dandruff in normal subjects for better understanding of this condition. Methods : Scales frorn the scalp of 384 students were studied stastistically by answer sheets and clinically by a dermatologist. Mycologic studies of Pityrosporum were also performed by direct smear, culture and inoculation to guinea pigs. Results : There were 76.0% subjects with dandruff. Clinically grading the subjects by Kligrnan's scale, grade III and IV(mild caling) were the most. Dandruff developed commonly at the age of 14 to 16, and no seasonal change was observed. Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in all subjects by KOH microscopic examination with Cohens method, and the grading of the dandruff was not related with the number of the spores. In most subjects, P. orbiculare and P. ovae were found together. Positive culture colonies were observed in 93.7%. Inoculation of the cultured colonies to guinea pigs resulted in an experimental dermatitis. Conclusion : Our study shows that Pityrosporum may involve in the pathogenesis of dandruff; however, it is still unclear whether Pityrosporum is a main causative agent of dandruff. (Kor J Dermatol 1993; 31(2): 164-174)

Case-control study: the effects of synthetic ceramide on dandruff, erythema, sebum secretion and water loss of scalp

( Hye Ree Park ),( Dong Geon Lee ),( Ji Hee Jung ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Hoon Kang ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: Ceramide is important in barrier function of epidermis. It can reduce epidermal water loss and inhibit producing dandruff. Ceramide is an essential component in protecting hair and can be used as a cosmetic ingredient to improve seborrheic dermatitis and subjective symptoms like pruritus. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic ceramide on dandruff, erythema, sebum secretion and water loss. Methods: Total of 20 subjects, 10 were randomly assigned to ceramide group and other 10 were assigned to controlled group. The subjects had received the evaluation of scalp before the trial and after using shampoo 15ml once a day for 4 weeks. Scores were assessed about dandruff and scalp erythema. Sebum was collected using sebumeter and sebum secretion was recorded at 4 parts (frontal, vertex, both temporal area). Water content of scalp was measured using corneometer at same sites. Results: After 4 weeks, 8 patients had favorable outcomes with ceramide shampoo in dandruff compared with 4 patients in control. And 4 patients had favorable outcomes with ceramide shampoo in erythema compared with 3 patients in control. Sebum secretion increased in ceramide group and decreased in control, but not statistically significant. Water content showed a tendency to increase in ceramide group, whereas water content significantly decreased in control. Conclusion: These results indicate that synthetic ceramide is effective in improving dandruff, erythema and reducing water loss.

연구논문 : 샴푸 제형의 in vitro 항비듬력 평가법

김소희 ( So Hee Kim ),윤유나 ( Yu Na Yun ),박태훈 ( Tae Hun Park ),이존환 ( John Hwan Lee ),안수선 ( Su Sun An ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2014 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Dandruff is a common scalp disorder that affects almost half of population. Cosmetic companies have developed anti-dandruff shampoo containing antimicrobial materials such as zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and climbazole which inhibit fungal growth especially Malassezia yeast, dandruff-causing organism. It is essential to examine whether anti-dandruff shampoo reduces Malassezia growth, so that improve dandruff. The aim of this investigation was to establish a test method for antifungal activity of shampoo. The basic methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing are the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion test. We have compared a disk diffusion test that uses nitrocellulose filter paper and artificial skin substrate (Vitro-Skin) as disks to estimate antifungal activity of shampoo or materials after rinse-off. We have identified that ZPT, climbazole and three commercial shampoos containing ZPT were deposited on disks with nitrocellulose filter paper and artificial skin substrate (Vitro-Skin) even after rinse-off, so zone of inhibition were observed.

샴푸 제형의 in vitro 항비듬력 평가법

김소희 ( So Hee Kim ),윤유나 ( Yu Na Yun ),박태훈 ( Tae Hun Park ),이존환 ( John Hwan Lee ),안수선 ( Su Sun An ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2014 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Dandruff is a common scalp disorder that affects almost half of population. Cosmetic companies have developed anti-dandruff shampoo containing antimicrobial materials such as zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and climbazole which inhibit fungal growth especially Malassezia yeast, dandruff-causing organism. It is essential to examine whether anti-dandruff shampoo reduces Malassezia growth, so that improve dandruff. The aim of this investigation was to establish a test method for antifungal activity of shampoo. The basic methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing are the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion test. We have compared a disk diffusion test that uses nitrocellulose filter paper and artificial skin substrate (Vitro-Skin) as disks to estimate antifungal activity of shampoo or materials after rinse-off. We have identified that ZPT, climbazole and three commercial shampoos containing ZPT were deposited on disks with nitrocellulose filter paper and artificial skin substrate (Vitro-Skin) even after rinse-off, so zone of inhibition were observed.

합성 세라마이드가 두피에 미치는 임상적 영향에 대한 비교 관찰

박혜리 ( Hye Ree Park ),정관호 ( Kwan Ho Jeong ),김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),강훈 ( Hoon Kang ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.4

Background: Ceramide offers an important barrier function to the epidermis. It can reduce epidermal water loss and inhibit the production of dandruff. Ceramide is essential in protecting hair and can be used as a cosmetic ingredient to improve seborrheic dermatitis and uncomfortable symptoms. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic ceramide on dandruff, erythema, sebum secretion, and scalp water loss. Methods: We enrolled 20 subjects. Ten were randomly assigned to a group using a synthetic ceramide containing shampoo and the other 10 were assigned to the control group. The subjects underwent evaluation of the scalp before the trial and after using the shampoo for 4 weeks. Scores were given for dandruff and scalp erythema. Sebum secretions were evaluated using a sebumeter and were checked at four different scalp sites. The water content of the scalp was measured using a corneometer at the same sites. Results: After 4 weeks, 8 patients showed favorable outcomes in dandruff in the ceramide group compared to 4 patients in the control group. Four patients displayed favorable outcomes in erythema in the ceramide group compared to 3 patients in the control group. Sebum secretion increased in the ceramide group and decreased in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The water content showed a tendency to increase in the ceramide group, whereas the water content significantly decreased in the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that synthetic ceramide is effective at improving dandruff, erythema, and reducing scalp water loss. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(4):277∼283)

삼백초 추출물의 항균성과 두피에 미치는 영향

서영옥(Young-Ok Seo),김춘득(Chun-Dug Kim) 한국인체미용예술학회 2013 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Some medicinal plant have been used to beauty care such as dandruff. In this study, antimicrobial activity of Saururus chinensis Baill extracts against Malasezia furfur (fungi caused dandruff), Pityrosporum ovale (fungi caused dandruff), Propionibacterium acne (bacteria caused pimple), Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacteria), Echerichia coli(gram negative bacteria) and Bacillus subtillis (gram negative bacteria) using turbidity of liquid broth, paper disc diffusion and spreading of agar plate. In turbidity of liquid broth, each microorganism showed antimicrobial activity with S. chinensis extracts of >7%. E. coli showed clear zone of 6.08 mm with S. chinensis extracts of 50% and B. subtilis exhibited clear zone of 6.70 mm with S. chinensis extracts of 90% in paper disc diffusion. Furthermore, clear zone was 7.20 mm for S. aureus, 6.33 mm for P. ovale, 7.30 mm for P. acne in 90% of S. chinensis extracts. In spreading of agar plate, E. coli showed antimicrobial activity at 7% of S. chinensis extracts and B. subtillis, M. furfur and P. acne exhibited antimicrobial activity at 25% of S. chinensis extract. In clinical test, 10 subjects didn’t appeared allergic reactions were treated with shampoo blending aroma oils and 15 drops of 50% concentration of S. chinensis extract for 4 weeks and degree of change on dandruff and inflammation of before and after of treatment evaluated by expert. Degree of change on dandruff and inflammation of experiment groups treated with the shampoo changed for the better than before treatment and control groups. Therefore, S. chinensis extracts were contained antimicrobial compounds and it may be suitable to develop new antimicrobial agents for care of hair diseases from these sources.

1% Zinc Pyrithione 샴푸의 비듬 치료 효과에 관한 연구

박주희 ( Ju Hee Park ),김범준 ( Beom Joon Kim ),김명남 ( Myeung Nam Kim ),홍연표 ( Yeon Pyo Hong ),주정흔 ( Jung Hun Ju ),이정표 ( Jung Pyo Lee ),손경희 ( Kyung Hee Sohn ),박귀례 ( Kui Lea Park ),이은창 ( Eun Chang Lee ),천영진 ( 대한피부과학회 2009 대한피부과학회지 Vol.47 No.8

Background: Dandruff is a common complaint, and is suffered by up to 50% of the population at some time. Malassezia yeasts, which comprise part of the normal skin flora, might be a critical factor in this disease, as they have been found in higher proportions in patients with seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff, its milder form. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 4 weeks of treatment with 1% zinc pyrithione (ZP) shampoo. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, 4-week treatment period was preceded by a 1-week run-in period. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Assessments included the patient`s subjective score (PSS) and the investigator`s assessment score (IAS), images of the affected scalp area, the severity of sebum production, and the erythema and moisturizing effect of the shampoo. Results: 1% ZP shampoo significantly reduced the extent and severity of scaling, as measured by folliscope imaging on visit 2 (p=0.0391) and visit 3 (p=0.0381), as well as pruritus related to the disease as measured by the grading systems, PSS (p=0.0352) and IAS (p=0.0142). Additionally, the results of this study show that a treatment regimen with 1% ZP shampoo significantly reduced scalp sebum production as measured by a sebumeter. Erythema measured by the chromameter was not as meaningful. The corneometric values were slightly increased in the group treated with 1% ZP shampoo but not in the group treated with ZP-free shampoo. Side effects of the ZP shampoo were quite mild and tolerable, and were observed only in a small group of patients. Conclusion: 1% ZP shampoo appears to be both effective and well-tolerated when used for the treatment of dandruff. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(8):875~883)

Cloning and Expression in Pichia pastoris of a New Cytochrome P450 Gene from a Dandruff-causing Malassezia globosa

Eun Chang Lee,Seul Ong Ohk,Bo Young Suh,Nahee Park,Beom Joon Kim,Donghak Kim,Young-Jin Chun 한국독성학회 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.1

The Malassezia fungi are responsible for various human skin disorders including dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Of the Malassezia fungi, Malassezia globosa (M. globosa) is one of the most common in human scalp. The completed genome sequence of M. globosa contains four putative cytochrome P450 genes. To determine the roles of Malassezia P450 enzymes in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, we isolated MGL3996 gene from M. globosa chromosomal DNA by PCR. The MGL3996 gene encodes an enzyme of 616 amino acids, which shows strong similarity with known CYP52s of other species. MGL3996 gene was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) heterologous yeast expression system. Using the yeast microsomes expressing MGL3996 protein, a typical P450 CO-difference spectrum was shown with absorption maximum at 448 nm. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a protein band of apparent molecular weight 69 kDa and Western blot with anti-histidine tag antibody showed that MGL3996 was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. Cloning and expression of a new P450 gene is an important step to study the P450 monooxygenase system of M. globosa and to understand the role of P450 enzymes in pathophysiology of dandruff.

Cloning and Expression in Pichia pastoris of a New Cytochrome P450 Gene from a Dandruff-causing Malassezia globosa

Lee, Eun-Chang,Ohk, Seul-Ong,Suh, Bo-Young,Park, Na-Hee,Kim, Beom-Joon,Kim, Dong-Hak,Chun, Young-Jin Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.1

The Malassezia fungi are responsible for various human skin disorders including dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Of the Malassezia fungi, Malassezia globosa (M. globosa) is one of the most common in human scalp. The completed genome sequence of M. globosa contains four putative cytochrome P450 genes. To determine the roles of Malassezia P450 enzymes in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, we isolated MGL3996 gene from M. globosa chromosomal DNA by PCR. The MGL3996 gene encodes an enzyme of 616 amino acids, which shows strong similarity with known CYP52s of other species. MGL3996 gene was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) heterologous yeast expression system. Using the yeast microsomes expressing MGL3996 protein, a typical P450 CO-difference spectrum was shown with absorption maximum at 448 nm. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a protein band of apparent molecular weight 69 kDa and Western blot with anti-histidine tag antibody showed that MGL3996 was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. Cloning and expression of a new P450 gene is an important step to study the P450 monooxygenase system of M. globosa and to understand the role of P450 enzymes in pathophysiology of dandruff.