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Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)의 최근 연구동향과 독성에 관한 고찰
정기화 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學論文誌 Vol.13 No.1
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs), and other halogenated aromatic(HA) compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxin(PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs), are highly lipophilic and persistent global comtaminants. These compounds are present in air, water, fish, and wildlife, as well as in human blood, adipose tissue, and milk. Exposure to PCBs can cause hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Adverse effects of PCBs have also been observed on reproduction, development, and endocrine function including thyroid hormone homeostasis and estrogen-responsive tissues. The toxic effects of PCBs depend on their degree of chlorination and pattern of chlorine substitution. The biological properties of the most potent (coplanar) PCBs are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR) mechanism, but this mechanism represents only a limited number of TCDD-like PCBs congeners. A large proportion of PCBs in the environmental are non-planar or ortho-substituted PCBs(O-PCBs) that have chlorines at the ortho position in the biphenyl ring. These PCBs act through AhR-independent mechanism. They are present in the environment and food chain in relatively higher proportions than TCDD-like congeners, but have been ignored because of their subtle effects. Recent studies have shown that O-PCBs can affect endocrine function, including thyroid hormone homeostasis and estrogen-responsive tissues. In vitro studies have shown that O-PCBs 95 was the most potent in altering intracellular calcium(Ca^+2) regulation through a ryanodine receptor mediated mechanism. Thyroid hormones and steroids play an essential role in normal body homeostasis. Exposure to PCBs and related compounds cause reductions in thyroid hormones in developing and adult animals. O-PCBs have profiles of enzyme, hormone, neurotransmitter, and other biological effects different from those of coplanar PCBs. Most of the O-PCBs are rapidly metabolized by mammals, but not all the O-PCBs are labile. Little information is available regarding the ability of these congeners to affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid(HPT) axis and estrogen responsive tissue. Moreover, the mechanism(s) of actions of O-PCBs are poorly defined and not completely understood. This review was done to investigate the trend of recent studies and toxicities of PCBs
Won Joon Shim,홍상희,오재룡,임운혁,Donghao Li,Narayanan Kannan 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.4
Measurement of toxicologically relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners such as non-ortho (IUPAC#) 77, 81, 126, 169 and mono-ortho 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 189 and di-ortho 170, 180 and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) such as 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 138, 153, 154 in environmental samples become almost mandatory in several countries now. However, most of the available methods involve expensive instrumentations such as HRGC-HRMS or ECNI-LRMS, apart from expensive extraction and clean-up (with large volume of solvents) steps. A method has been devised combining the analytical separation power of PYE [2-(1-pyrenyl)ethyldimethysilylated silica] column HPLC and high-resolution gas chromatographic techniques including micro-electron capture detection (ECD) and two dimensional gas chromatograpy-ECD techniques to determine these eco-toxic substances at parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. This combination resolves co-elution of congeners that occur in disproportionate ratios (e.g. CB-110 and -77) and allows accurate congener-specific determination of target compounds. This method is cost effective as it requires only hexane, that in small quantities (10 mL) and GC-ECD. The elution and analysis time are optimized to less man hours. This method is effectively utilized in the analysis of co-planar PCBs and PBDEs from archived solvent extracts of samples previously analyzed for pesticides and PCBs. Structure based separation of contaminant classes improves GC-ECD determination at ppt levels.
Kannan, Narayanan,Hong, Sang-Hee,Oh, Jae-Ryoung,Yim, Un-Hyuk,Li, Donghao,Shim, Won-Joon Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.4
Measurement of toxicologically relevant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners such as non-ortho(IUPAC#) 77, 81, 126, 169 and mono-ortho 105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 189 and di-ortho 170, 180 and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) such as 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 138, 153, 154 in environmental samples become almost mandatory in several countries now. However, most of the available methods involve expensive instrumentations such as HRGC-HRMS or ECNI-LRMS, apart from expensive extraction and clean-up (with large volume of solvents) steps. A method has been devised combining the analytical separation power of PYE [2-(1-pyrenyl)ethyldimethysilylated silica] column HPLC and high-resolution gas chromatographic techniques including micro-electron capture detection (ECD) and two dimensional gas chromatograpy-ECD techniques to determine these eco-toxic substances at parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. This combination resolves co-elution of congeners that occur in disproportionate ratios (e.g. CB-110 and -77) and allows accurate congener-specific determination of target compounds. This method is cost effective as it requires only hexane, that in small quantities (10 mL) and GC-ECD. The elution and analysis time are optimized to less man hours. This method is effectively utilized in the analysis of co-planar PCBs and PBDEs from archived solvent extracts of samples previously analyzed for pesticides and PCBs. Structure based separation of contaminant classes improves GCECD determination at ppt levels.