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Chang Bum Park,이종덕 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.1
The effect of a stacked dielectric has been studied on pentacene thin-film transistors (TFTs) with respect to the current enhancement, the crystalline polymorph, and the structural change of the film. Here we show that the performance improvement of the device is successfully achieved by the dielectric effects of the high dielectric constant and the surface modification in hybrid dielectric configuration. The systematic analysis on the device feature governed by the interfacial property was carried out for a hybrid structured insulator system using SiO2 and cross-linked (C-L) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), including the surface modified layer of dilute polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Through thickness combinations of bilayer dielectrics with low-k SiO2 and high-k PVA, the device also exhibits noticeable enhancement of the current drivability up to the current level of 94 mA at a practical gate bias of 30 V. Moreover, we present the effect of a surface-modified layer with dilute PMMA. After the formation of ultra-thin PMMA layer in a bilayer insulator, the organic dielectric shows an effectively changed surface property into hydrophobicity even on a strong hydroxyl-rich dielectric surface, resulting in the distinct increase of structural order in the film due to the reduction of surface free energy.
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박설희,정태동 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.2
The creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation can be calculated according to race, sex, and creatinine concentration (subgroup equation) or in the form expressed by one equation (single equation). Minor differences in the constants used in the CKD-EPI equations (subgroup vs single equations) could result in a significant difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We evaluated the impact of this difference in 79,709 Korean patients. The eGFR was calculated as an integer using the single and subgroup CKD-EPI equations. The differences in eGFR and GFR categories between the equations were analyzed. eGFR was higher in the subgroup equation than the single equation by 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 12,476 (27.4%) Korean females. The GFR category based on the subgroup equation was reclassified using the single equation for 352 (0.77%) females. Based on the results, the constant of the single equation was optimized. There was no difference in eGFR values between equations using a multiplier of 1.0213 instead of 1.018 for the “white or other” females constant in the single CKD-EPI equation. Clinicians should carefully apply the CKD-EPI equation because eGFR values may differ by 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 depending on the manner of calculation. To minimize these differences, the constants of the single equation should be revised.
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