商业银行社会责任问题研究

崔金珍 한중법학회 2010 中國法硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Chinese Commercial Banks can achieve good performance, largely thanks to national attention and support to Commercial Banks reform and development. Therefore, when the Commercial Banks formulate the strategy, they should put social responsibility stress on the important position. The social responsibility of commercial banks mainly include the responsibilities which commercial banks should fulfill their renposibilities for stakeholders, in the economic, legal, moral and philanthropic. Economic responsibility is the foundation of legal liability, moral responsibility and liability charity. The Commercial Bank as a particular coorporation should obey the relevant regulations including ethics provisions, and perform its economic mission. It is very important that they should give up their profits according to law sometimes. Moral responsibility and philanthropic liability are sublimated on the basis of realization of economic responsibility and legal liability. it directly reflects the social esponsibility of the enterprise. Corporate social responsibility is increasingly becoming the hot issue all around the world, while social responsibility of commercial banks which is a special corporate in China is more important. Our Commercial Banks in the social responsibilities still have many shortcomings. Our country Commercial Banks, in a certain extent, realize the importance of social responsibilities, while it still stays in the surface and do not rise to the strategic height in accordance with disclosure information. And when carrying out their social responsibilities, a several of Commercial Banks, in a certain extent, still cling to the "gdo good thing and earn money"h which is a "gadvertisement"h to improve their public relations. Their purposes lie in profit or other benefits, corporate social responsibility is just a means of profit. It need several elements for commercial banks to fulfill their social responsibility, such as, the power of government, mandatory laws and institutions, the internal self-regulatory mechanism in the commercial banks. In the initial stage of social responsibility, it is very important for Commercial Banks to realize that carrying out the economic and legal liability is legal obligations, or will be punished by the law. At the same time, we should exercise a closer supervision over the government, industry and other regulatory function. In the Commercial Banks internal level, we should adjust the governance structure of Commercial Banks.

商业银行社会责任问题研究

최금진 한중법학회 2010 中國法硏究 Vol.13 No.-

中国的商业银行之所以能取得良好的业绩,很大程度上得益于国家对商业银行改革与发展的高度重视和大力支持。因此,商业银行在制定发展战略时,应义不容辞地把承担社会责任放在重要的位置上。商业银行的社会责任从实证的角度来看,主要指商业银行对其利益相关者所承担的经济、法律、道德和慈善方面的责任。经济责任是企业必须肩负的生产、盈利和满足消费者需求的责任,经济责任是企业社会责任的基础,是其承担法律责任、道德责任和慈善责任的前提。法律责任要求企业遵守包含基本伦理道德的法律规定,在法律要求下履行经济使命,其重要内容之一是明确企业负有依法而牺牲其利润的义务。道德责任和慈善责任是企业在实现经济责任、法律责任的基础上,在社会责任方面的升华,它直接体现了企业的社会责任意识,处于企业社会责任的较高层面。企业社会责任日益成为全世界关注的热点,作为特殊企业的商业银行的社会责任在我国刚刚开始,而国外商业银行在履行社会责任方面就比较成熟。我国商业银行在履行社会责任方面还有很多不足之处。我国商业银行虽然在一定程度上认识到履行社会责任的重要性,但从披露的社会责任信息来看, 这种认识应该说还多停留在表面层次,并没有普遍上升到战略高度。在履行社会责任方面,部分银行一定程度上还秉持着“行善赚钱”的思想,将慈善行为作为银行改善公共关系的一种“广告”,其目的还在于获取利润或其他收益,企业社会责任不过是一种获利手段。商业银行履行社会责任需要多重力量,需要政府的社会的推动,法律和制度的强制,也需要商业银行内部自律机制。在推进其承担社会责任的初始阶段,法律制度的强制必不可少,使商业银行意识到履行经济和法律责任是其法定的义务,是必须履行的,否则将受到法律的制裁。同时,还要加强政府、行业及其他组织的监管职能。在商业银行内部层面,应当要调整商业银行的治理结构。 Chinese Commercial Banks can achieve good performance, largely thanks to national attention and support to Commercial Banks reform and development. Therefore, when the Commercial Banks formulate the strategy,they should put social responsibility stress on the important position. The social responsibility of commercial banks mainly include the responsibilities which commercial banks should fulfill their renposibilities for stakeholders, in the economic, legal, moral and philanthropic. Economic responsibility is the foundation of legal liability, moral responsibility and liability charity. The Commercial Bank as a paticular coorporation should obey the relevant regulations including ethics provisions, and perform its economic mission. It is very important that they should give up their profits according to law sometimes. Moral responsibility and philanthropic liability are sublimated on the basis of realization of economic responsibility and legal liability. it directly reflects the social responsibility of the enterprise. Corporate social responsibility is increasingly becoming the hot issue all around the world, while social responsibility of commercial banks which is a special corporate in China is more important. Our Commercial Banks in the social responsibilities still have many shortcomings. Our country Commercial Banks, in a certain extent, realize the importance of social responsibilities,while it still stays in the surface and do not rise to the strategic height in accordance with disclosure information. And when carrying out their social responsibilities, a several of Commercial Banks, in a certain extent, still cling to the “do good thing and earn money” which is a “advertisement” to improve their public relations. Their purposes lie in profit or other benefits,corporate social responsibility is just a means of profit. It need several elements for commercial banks to fulfill their social responsibility, such as, the power of government, mandatory laws and institutions, the internal self-regulatory mechanism in the commercial banks. In the initial stage of social responsibility, it is very important for Commercial Banks to realize that carrying out the economic and legal liability is legal obligations, or will be punished by the law. At the same time, we should exercise a closer supervision over the government, industry and other regulatory function. In the Commercial Banks internal level, we should adjust the governance structure of Commercial Banks.

중국 동북지역 도시상업은행(城市商業銀行)의 시장자유화로의 이행

김송죽 ( Song Juk Kim ),유가 ( Jia Liu ) 현대중국학회 2014 현대중국연구 Vol.16 No.1

This project has two different purposes. One thing is to pioneer the research area on Chinese financial market. More specifically, the one has examined the degree of openness of the financial market such as, restriction of the market, privatization, and marketization. The other is to establish fundamental data base on the research of Chinese city commercial bank for future perspective researches. For this, the one has focused on The 3 Northeast Provinces of China (named Liaoniang, Jilin, Heilongjiang provinces), where city commercial banks has shown remarkable development. These urban based commercial banks has been ranked in 2013 World Bank Ranking 1000 and 2013 Chinese City Commercial Bank Ranking 50 (10 for the WB ranking and 4 for the Chinese City Commercial Bank Ranking). These local-specialized banks has been developed so that they even compete not only with national but also with world-famous banks. Because there has not been formulated any discourse on the research of the Chinese city commercial banks, the one has come to possess a question on this matter. This research has been composed of three different parts; the historical genealogy of bank development, the position of role of the banks, and the internal status of the banks. After conducting comparative analysis of 17 city commercial banks in the 3 Northeast Provinces of China, the one draws conclusions from institutional, environmental, and, management modelling perspectives. From institutional view, city commercial banks of the 3 Northeast Provinces of China are largely based on private investment, not based on public funds opposite from what the law of City Commercial Bank 1995. This shows that the degree of power projection of the central government has been weakened as the flow of private capital is no longer able to be controlled by the public sphere. This means that the privatization of Chinese city commercial banks is controlled by the private capital not by the public area. Furthermore, as 2004 China Banking Regulatory Commission authorized ‘Cross Regional Business(跨區域經營)’ policy, the autonomy and right of the banks has been expanded. Based on this, city commercial banks are capable of possessing the compatibility with world class banks. From environmental perspective, it is more plausible for the banks to develop in urbanized, and industrialized area with well-established transport system. The 3 Northeast Provinces of China are well- exemplarized this general law. The degree of development of banks is well- exhibited in urban area where international trade is active with high level of industrialization, such as a port city or a airport city. From management modelling view, there are five different variables to gauge the effciency and compatibility of the banks; Liquidity Ratio, BIS Capital Adequacy Ratio, ROA(Return On Assets), Doubtful Loan Ratio, Loan-Savings Ratio. As analyzing these five indexes, it is possible to examine the financial safety of the banks. Consequently, Dalian bank, Jilin Bank, Jinzhou Bank are vulnerable to financial crisis. Additionally as Chinese city commercial banks are able to serve the distinguished locally oriented needs, so that they could have brought quite high level of service satisfaction in the local area. As a result, city commercial banks in the 3 Northeast Provinces of China has shown the diminishing role of central and local government, the development of small business firms, deregulation, openness of market, urbanization, indicating the liberal aspect of Chinese financial sector. Moreover, the project has been achieved the statistical analysis of Chinese documentations illustrating the reality of Chinese financial system. The one hope for this research to function as a fundamental basement for future perspective research on Chinese financial system.

Digital Transformation and Performance of Commercial Banks in China: Effect and Mechanisms

Xiao Wang,Shanyue Jin 한국무역연구원 2025 무역연구 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose – Digital transformation (DT) involves integrating digital technologies into traditional industries. The convergence of digital technology and traditional finance has given rise to fintech and is progressively reshaping the current financial service models. The purpose of this study is to investigate how digital transformation affects the performance of commercial banks in China. Commercial banks in China are showing different patterns compared to commercial banks in other countries because they are heavily controlled by the government. Furthermore, we also study the mechanisms that influence under these characteristics. Design/Methodology/Approach – Analyzing data from Chinese listed and unlisted commercial banks from 2011 to 2023 using a fixed-effects regression analysis, this study explores the impact of bank DT (BDT) on commercial banks’ financial performance (FP), and the factors influencing this relationship. Findings – The findings reveal that BDT significantly enhances commercial banks’ FP. The mechanism analysis results further show that commercial banks’ DT contributes to improving FP by enhancing their efficiency, operational capabilities, and profitability. Research Implications – This study reveals the contributions of banks’ DT, enriches related research on DT, and provides insights for the government. The government should provide policy support for commercial banks to continuously implement DT. At the same time, commercial banks should be supervised to prioritize and strengthen risk prevention and control measures during the DT period.

중국 상업은행의 유동성 리스크 결정요인 및 개선방안

우뢰,장동한 한국동북아경제학회 2013 동북아경제연구 Vol.25 No.3

With China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, many foreign banks have entered China while Chinese banking and insurance industry have opened up their market. In a fierce competition most Chinese commercial banks have paid more attention to profit making while not caring much about liquidity management. In recent years, however, liquidity problems caused by the global financial crisis made many banks and financial institutions broke around the world. This paper is to analyze the determinants of liquidity risk of Chinese commercial banks and to see if there is any difference between large commercial banks and small & medium size commercial banks. The data used in this paper are from the database BankScope IBCA-Fitch, the People’s Bank of China and China Statistical Yearbook. The panel data of 25 commercial banks over 2004-2011 period is used to estimate the determinants of liquidity risk using system GMM regression estimation. Results of the empirical analysis are as follows: first, non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks is found statistically significant on the liquidity risk. It means that non-performing loan ratio has triggered the liquidity risk of commercial banks as a major determinant. External factors of commercial banks, such as reserve ratio and global crisis have significant effect on the liquidity risk of Chinese commercial banks. It implies that the People’s Bank of China may be able to control liquidity problems and manage liquidity risk of Chinese commercial banks using monetary policies.

中国商业银行流动性风险的决定要因

우뢰,방성철,유광현 아시아.유럽미래학회 2013 유라시아연구 Vol.10 No.1

With China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), many foreign banks have started to enter into China while Chinese banking and insurance industries have been deepening and opening up. Commercial banks will pay more attention to profit and abandon appropriate liquidity in order to survive in fierce competition. Particularly in recent years, liquidity risk caused by the US sub-prime mortgage crisis has lead banks and many financial institutions to collapse and has also been bringing the devastating impact on the global economy. In 1978, Chinese government began to implement the reform and opening up, and in the meanwhile began to reform the banking sector, which interrupted the banking monopoly and led in competition system into banking sector. During the Asian financial crisis in 1997, China’s banking sector experienced liquidity crises due to over competition, leading to the bankruptcy of Hainan Development Bank because of exhausted liquidity. The bankruptcy of Hainan Development Bank resulted in the loss of nearly 4 billion yuan of People’s Bank of China, which had a graveness influence on China’s banking sector. In addition, China’s long-term trade surplus and a large inflow of foreign capital lead to the excess liquidity in the banking sector. In the pressure of such excess liquidity, banks will blindly decrease lending rates to get inter-bank rate lower than bank-deposit rate appearing interest rate inversion phenomenon to decrease bank returns. In the long term, this will probably accelerate the accumulation of non-performing loan of bank. When the economy changes, asset bubbles of bank will quickly be shattered, which will directly result in the systematic financial crisis in the banking sector. Meanwhile, China as a largest trading partner of South Korea has been a key factor on its economy. However, South Korea is lacking of understanding of potential various uncertainties and liquidity risk in China’s Economy, which bases on banking. In this case, South Korea will be significantly influenced due to its highly dependence on China’s Economy if Chinese commercial banks suffer from liquidity risk. Especially, Korean companies already invested in China and global financial companies constantly attempting to expand all over of China should be directly affected. Therefore, this paper is to analyze the determinants of the bank’s liquidity risk in Chinese commercial banks and what difference between large commercial banks and small-medium commercial banks. The banking data used in this paper were extracted from the database BankScope IBCA-Fitch, the People’s Bank of China and China Statistical Yearbook. We used panel data of 25 commercial banks over the period from 2004 to 2011 to estimate the determinants of liquidity risk by panel OLS, the fixed effects and random effects regression. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows: first, internal factors in banks did not affect the liquidity of the commercial banks in China, but it was affected by macro-economic factors negatively. It implies that the People’s Bank of China will be able to adjust liquidity and manage liquidity risk in commercial banks in China using monetary policy. Second, in terms of asset size of banks, both internal factors in banks and macro-economic factors have influence on the liquidity of large commercial banks in China, however, small-medium commercial banks have only been affected by non-performance loans ratio and macro-economic factors.

중국 상업은행의 자본구조 결정요인에 관한 실증연구 -상하이 주식시장 상장은행을 대상으로-

조강필 ( Cho Kang Pil ),왕흥수 ( Wang Xing Shuai ),조혜진 ( Cho Hye Jin ) 한중사회과학학회 2016 한중사회과학연구 Vol.14 No.4

Under the background of financial globalization, the international financial system is experiencing a historic change, one can adapt to the financial globalization trend of modern international banking system is emerging. It has provided not only an opportunity to the development of China`s commercial banks, but also has formed the enormous challenge. It is necessary for our country to improve the system of modern commercial banks as soon as possible in order to improve the competitiveness of commercial banks. Especially now, with the end of five years of cushioning period when China joined WTO, the more open financial market is, the more rapidly domestic commercial bank`s assets and liabilities scale expands, therefore, the risk that the commercial banks are confronted with is further intensified. To meet the challenge of foreign banks to our country banking form, domestic commercial banks choose to be public, for this reason, it is a great significance to research on capital structure of the listed commercial bank to maintain stable domestic financial order, improve its international competitiveness and perfect the commercial bank internal control. Based on the previous studies, this paper focuses empirically on the relation between bank scale, market growth, profitability, collateral value of assets, risk, cash flow and asset-liability ratios by making a survey of the commercial banks which is public in Shanghai stock exchange. It explores how those factors have actually worked on debt ratios and how to improve commercial bank internal control by finding the enlightenment. Conclusions of this study are summarized as follows: First, the growth ability with risk is positively related to debt ratio significantly at 5% significance level. Second, the profitability with the largest shares ownership is negatively related to debt ratio significantly at 5% significance level. Third, cash flow is positively related to debt ratio significantly at 10% significance level. Fourth, bank`s size, fixed assets ratio, negotiable shares ratio are positively related to debt ratio but they are not significant statistically. The result of this study provides information for investors and can be utilized to improvement of financial structure that is not only to maintain stable domestic financial order but improve its international competitiveness and perfect the commercial bank internal control.

Data Envelopment Analysis on Measuring the Performance of Vietnamese Joint-Stock Commercial Banks

NGO, Duc Tien,PHUNG, Thu Ha,DINH, Tuan Minh,NGUYEN, Thuy Lien Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.7

Commercial banks have a significant impact on the economy of Vietnam because they provide the majority of transactional capital. Therefore, the operational efficiency of commercial banks is a viral topic for the study of the Vietnamese banking system. The research aims to examine the efficiency and inefficiency of joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam from 2016 to 2020 and then classify them into the efficient group and inefficient group. The study employs the time series data of 29 joint-stock commercial banks during the period 2016-2020. Based on the data collected from the annual audited financial statements of 29 Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks, the authors select input and output variables for the standard DEA models and anti-efficient DEA models. This research uses two stages, first, by applying the standard DEA model, we investigate the efficient banks; second, by employing the anti-efficient DEA model, we find out the inefficient banks. The results reveal that the average efficiency score of 29 joint-stock commercial banks tends to increase in the period 2016-2018 and decrease gradually in the period 2019-2020. The findings of this study suggest that several small and medium-sized banks in the Vietnamese banking sector have both promising and risky performances and the efficiency of state-owned commercial banks has also improved significantly during the study period.

How Commercial Banks Improve Financial Product Marketing Capabilities: Case Study of Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank

Xiaoxue Zhao KOREA INSTITUTE FOR HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2023 Journal of Global Area Studies Review(GAS) Vol.2 No.1

Chinese commercial banks have expanded their efforts to advertise their financial products and increase their penetration into the market. However, there are still a lot of issues with bank marketing. Objective: To identify and examine the issues and factors influencing the marketing of Chinese commercial banks; To examine Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank 's marketing strategy in light of the 4P theory; To make an effort to enhance Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank's marketing model, and offer practical ways to enhance the financial product marketing of Chinese commercial banks. Methods: This paper mainly adopts the methods of normative research and literature review to analyze the current situation and main problems of commercial banks’ marketing. Results: Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank lacks the operational expertise and first-class customer resources of large joint-stock commercial banks, as well as the strong capital accumulation of state-owned commercial banks. In addition, commercial banks in other cities also compete with Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank. Conclusion: By optimizing market segmentation, integrating marketing channels, creating brand effects, cultivating professional talents, and establishing a positive incentive and elimination mechanism, Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank can improve its financial product marketing problems, enable Chongqing Branch of Ping An Bank to have better marketing strategies, and thus help stand out from commercial banks.

녹색신용대출이 중국상업은행의 신용위험에 미치는 영향

Hui-Xin Zhao,제해금 한국유통경영학회 2022 유통경영학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how green credit loans affect the credit risk of commercial banks in China. The heterogeneity of banks was analyzed, and the synergy with the equity capital ratio was analyzed more innovative in consideration of the impact of the government’s regulatory policy on green credit loans. Research design, data, and methodology: This study focuses on the influence of green credit on the risk of commercial banks in China. Using the sample data of 16 relatively large commercial banks in China from 2009 to 2019, this paper constructs a static panel data model for empirical analysis. Results: First, The results show that the green credit business can significantly reduce the non-performing loan ratio (NPLR) of banks. Second, We found that the green credit ratio (GCR) is positively correlated with the NPLR namely, the green credit ratio and credit risk show a "U-shaped" relationship between credit risk and "pre-down, post-up". Third, The impact of green credit on the credit risk of non-state-owned banks is significantly reduced, while the impact on the credit risk of state-owned commercial banks is not significant, Finally, In view of the interaction of capital adequacy ratio(CAR) and green credit on bank credit risk, we find that banks with higher capital adequacy ratio have a more positive effect on reducing credit risk. Implications: Commercial banks that develop the green credit have risk consideration, especially credit risk. It should be noted that risk management considerations are important for the stability of the banking system. This study provides empirical evidence for commercial banks to reduce the credit risk. The results of this study are helpful in actively promoting China’s green credit loan policy.