재래종 유래 찰옥수수 교잡종의 주요 농업 및 식미 관련 형질에 대한 이면교잡 분석

왕승현(Seung Hyun Wang),정종욱(Jong Wook Chung),강민정(Min jeong Kang),심완석(Wan Seok Shim),소윤섭(Yoon Sup So) 한국육종학회 2018 한국육종학회지 Vol.50 No.1

본 연구는 국내 수집 재래종 찰옥수수로부터 개발된 얇은 과피를 가진 찰옥수수 원종을 이용하여 원종간 반이면교배조합의 평가를 통해 주요 농업 및 식미 관련 형질에 대한 이면교잡분석을 실시하여 찰옥수수 품종 개발 시 중요한 관심 형질들의 일반 및 특수조합능력을 파악하여 앞으로의 품종개발 과정에서 tester로써 사용할 원종들을 선발할 목적으로 실시되었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대비품종을 포함하는 모든 14개 공시 교잡종의 2개 지역통합 분산분석 결과 지역과 교잡종간의 상호작용이 유의한 형질은 간장, 착수고, 주당 분얼수, 이삭당 무게, 끝달림 정도, 상품성 그리고 당도로 나타났다. 2. 대비품종을 제외한 반이면교배조합 10개 교잡종만을 가지고 실시한 이면교잡분석에서 일반조합능력과 지역간 상호작용 효과의 유의성이 인정된 형질은 착수고, 주당 분얼수, 이삭당 무게, 이삭 길이, 당도 였으며 특수조합능력과 지역간 상호작용 효과의 유의성은 이삭폭, 상품성 및 당도에서만 인정되었으며 당도는 모든 조합능력에서 지역간 상호작용이 나타났다. 3. 일반조합능력의 추정값은 첫 번째 원종과 네 번째 원종에서 선발에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 형질에서 유의성이 인정된 것이 많았다. 4. 첫 번째 원종은 출사기, ASI, 출사기의 누적적산온도, ASI의 누적적산온도, 이삭폭, 이삭둘레 그리고 당도에서 품종의 특성을 향상시키는 일반조합능력을 장점이 있었으며 포엽감쌈정도에서는 단점으로 작용하였다. 5. 네 번째 원종의 일반조합능력을 살펴보면 이 원종과의 교배조합에서는 출웅기, 출사기, 출웅기의 누적적산온도, 출사기의 누적적산온도, 간장, 착수고, 이삭당 무게, 이삭길이를 향상시킬 것으로 기대되나 질김성은 다소 높게 나타날 것으로 기대된다. 6. 조사 형질 21개 중 19개의 형질에서 일반조합능력 분산이 특수조합능력 분산에 비해 높게 나타났으며 특히 포엽의 감쌈정도는 그 비율이 12.1로 매우 높게 나타났다. 이에 반하여 간장과 주당 분얼수는 특수조합능력 분산이 더 높게 나타났는데 이 중 간장은 그 비가 0.2로 특수조합능력의 분산이 매우 높은 형질로 조사되었다. This study was carried out to select waxy corn inbreds with good general combining ability through a diallel analysis of 10 half diallel crosses among five inbreds developed from Korean maize landraces. Total of 21 agronomic and palatability traits were investigated over two locations in 2016. There was a significant hybrid by location interaction found in plant height, ear height, number of tillers/plant, per ear weight, ear tip filling, ear commercial value and sweetness when four additional check cultivars were included in the analyses. A significant general combining ability by location interaction was found in ear height, number of tillers/plant, per ear weight, ear length and sweetness while ear width, ear commercial value and sweetness were significant for specific combining ability by location interaction. Sweetness was found significant for both interactions. The first and fourth inbred lines had the most number of traits with good estimate of general combining ability. The first inbred is expected to improve days to tasseling, anthesis silking interval, ear width, ear circumference and sweetness while decreasing husk cover in a hybrid combination. The fourth inbred line would improve days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, per ear weight and ear length but ears would be a bit tougher than the average. A total of 19 traits had higher variance of general combining ability than that of specific combining ability. Husk cover was 12.1 times higher. Plant height and number of tillers/plant had higher variance of specific combining ability.

Combining Ability and Gene Action Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Lilium × formolongi

( Rai,R. ),( J. Shrestha ),( J. H. Kim ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2018 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.30 No.3

To understand the breeding potential of parental lines, we analyzed the combining ability and gene action of 10 quantitative traits in Lilium × formolongi. The clonal lines of three single cross F1s were crossed with the clonal lines of six testers to produce 18 three-way cross F1s in a Line × Tester mating design. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of square of all genotypes was highly significant for all the traits studied. The crosses, parents, and cross vs. parent revealed significant differences among all traits studied, except the width of leaf, validating the combining ability. Furthermore, the Line × Tester analysis demonstrated that the lines, testers, and Line × Tester hybrids were significant for all traits studied, except the length of leaf and attitude of floral axis. The highest GCA (General combining ability) effect was observed for parent-1 45-3 (AF × Ad), with a positive GCA effect for the height of plant, diameter of stem, number of leaves, length of bud, and attitude of floral axis followed by parent-3 (Stu × Ad)-14 with significant GCA effects for the height of plant, number of leaves, length of leaf, width of leaf, and number of flowers. Tester-1 Jul-19 demonstrated significant performance for the length and width of leaf, days to flowering, length of bud, and attitude of floral axis. It can be used as a potential donor for both parent-1 45-3 (AF × Ad) and parent-3 (Stu × Ad)-14 for seed production with some important cut flower traits inside a green house. The diameter of stem, number of leaves, width of leaf, number of flowers, diameter of flower, and length of bud predominantly showed dominance variance, whereas the height of plant, length of leaf, days to flowering, and attitude of floral axis demonstrated additive gene action. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients demonstrated that plant height is highly correlated with the diameter of stem, number of leaves, length of leaf, and number of flowers and correlated with the attitude of floral axis.

The Combining Ability Analysis and Heterosis for some Quanitatives Traits in the Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

Moghaddam S. H. Hosseini,Etebari K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.2

Recently two breeding programs were carried out for isolation of new parental inbred lines in Iran. This study was undertaken in order to estimate the combining ability effects and heterosis of these lines. For this purpose an $8\times8$ diallel cross analysis including eight inbred lines of silkworm with four lines from each program were studied for their five quantitative traits. The results indicated that reciprocal effects appeared insignificant for most of traits. Japanese lines of 111 and 113 were best combiners for shell weight, cocoon weight and shell percentage traits. With respect to pupation rate, Chinese line 110 was the best and according to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances, it is superior in specific combinations. Hybrid $109\times110$ showed better characters for both productive and viability traits. Hybrids with high heterosis had high SCA too.

The Combining Ability Analysis and Heterosis for some Quanitatives Traits in the Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)

( S. H. Hosseini Moghaddam ),( K. Etebari ) 한국잠사학회 2005 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.10 No.2

Recently two breeding programs were carried out for isolation of new parental inbred lines in Iran. This study was undertaken in order to estimate the combining ability effects and heterosis of these lines. For this purpose an 8×8 diallel cross analysis including eight inbred lines of silkworm with four lines from each program were studied for their five quantitative traits. The results indicated that reciprocal effects appeared insignificant for most of traits. Japanese lines of 111 and 113 were best combiners for shell weight, cocoon weight and shell percentage traits. With respect to pupation rate, Chinese line 110 was the best and according to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances, it is superior in specific combinations. Hybrid 109×110 showed better characters for both productive and viability traits. Hybrids with high heterosis had high SCA too.

토종닭의 이면교배조합 시험을 이용한 신품종 종계 개발

손시환(Sea Hwan Sohn),최은식(Eun Sik Choi),김기곤(Ki Gon Kim),박병호(Byeongho Park),추효준(Hyo Jun Choo),허정민(Jung Min Heo),오기석(Ki Suk Oh) 한국가금학회 2021 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.48 No.2

본 연구는 생산능력이 우수한 신품종 토종 종계를 개발하기 위하여 ㈜한협원종이 보유한 원종계(GPS) 4개 계통 934수를 이용하여 4 × 4 이면교배조합(diallel cross-mating) 검정 시험을 실시하였다. 검정 형질로서 외모 형태, 생존율, 체중, 초산일령, 난중 및 산란율을 대상으로 조합별 생산능력, 조합가, 결합능력 및 상반교잡 효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 교배조합 개체들의 깃털 색은 황갈색 및 적갈색과 이들 색 간의 혼합 양상을 나타내었다. 전체 조합의 평균 생존율은 86.8±12.3%이고, YH 조합의 생존율이 가장 높았다. 생존율의 조합가는 특정결합능력이 일반결합능력에 비해 상대적으로 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, HY의 특정결합능력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 체중의 경우, 16개의 교배 조합이 유전적 특성에 따라 세 그룹으로 명확히 구분되는 것으로 나타났다. 12주령 체중의 교배조합별 조합가는 계통별 일반결합능력이 두 계통 간의 특정결합능력보다 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, FH 조합에서 가장 높은 조합가가 추정되었다. 산란 형질에 있어 전체 교배조합구의 평균 초산일령은 157일로서 교잡 구가 순계 구보다 빠른 성 성숙을 보였다. 전체 조합의 평균 일계산란율은 69.0±10.9%로서 이들 중 SY 조합이 가장 높은 산란율을 보였다. 산란율의 일반결합능력과 특정결합능력의 추정 범위가 거의 비슷한 값을 나타내고 있으며, 교배조합 간 특정결합능력은 HS 및 FY조합에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 상반교잡 효과는 대부분의 조합에서 S와 Y를 모(母)로 사용하였을 때 자손들의 산란능력이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에 따라 신품종 토종닭 종계로써 부계는 체중이 우수하면서 상대적으로 생존율이 양호한 FH나 HF 조합이, 모계는 산란능력이 우수하며 적절한 체중을 지닌 FY, FS, HY 및 SY 조합이 바람직한 것으로 사료된다. We conducted a 4 × 4 diallel cross-mating test using 934 chickens from four grandparent stock lines to develop a new synthetic breed of Korean native chicken. The mean values, combining ability, and reciprocal effects on survival rate, body weight, and hen-day egg production were analyzed. In phenotypes, most chickens have yellowish-brown, reddish-brown and mixed color feathers. The average survival rate was 86.8±12.3%, with the highest in YH combination. Specific combining ability (SCA) had a greater effect on survival rate than general combining ability (GCA), and the SCA of HY combination was the highest. The 16 cross-combinations were distinctly divided into three weight groups according to their genetic characteristics. At 12 weeks of age, GCA showed a greater effect on weight than SCA, and the SCA of FH combination was the highest. The age at first egg laying was 157 days, and the crosses reached sexual maturity faster than the pure lines. The egg production rate was highest in SY at 79.5±2.1%. The GCA and SCA for hen-day egg production were similar, and the SCA was highest in the HS and FY combinations. The reciprocal effect showed that the offspring’s egg production rate was high when S and Y were maternal parents in almost all combinations. In conclusion, FH and HF combinations, which have excellent growth performance, are the most desirable paternal parent stock strains, and FY, FS, HY, and SY combinations, which have excellent laying performance with moderate weight, are the preferred maternal strains.

CENETIC ANALYSES BY THE DIALLEL CROSS IN F_2 GENERATION OF ADZUKI BEAN (Phaseolus angularis)

HAN, KYUNG SOO,KIM, SEOK HYEON,KIM. JIN HYEONG 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1983 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

A set of 36 crosses of F_2 generation by 9×9 diallel crosses from nine adzuki bean varieties (Yeongdong Jeogdu, Gongju Baegdu, Gyeonggi Gaeguri, Wase Dairuyu No. 1, Natsu Adzki, Maruba No.1, Jeogdu, Nezumi Mochi and Hongcheon Jeogdu) were used as the materials, in the field trials for estimating genetic parameters such as gene action, combining ability and the relationships between parents and their F_2 hybrids. Experiments were conducted in 1982, and three agronomic characters, I. e., pod numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight per plant were observed. The F_2 generation of this diallel set of crosses was analysed for each character by Jinks', Hayman's and Griffing's methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The Jinks and Hayman's (Vr-Wr) graphic analyses: Pod numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight per plant were found to be inherited in partial dominance. 2. Components of variance: Estimates of additive component of variance (D) were greater than those of dominance component of variance(H_1) for pod numbers per numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight per plant. Negative values of F were estimated for characters such as pod numbers per plant and grain weight per plant, which were interrupted as recessive allelomorphs. 3. Combining ability analyses: Mean squared of GCA(general combining ability) for all three characters, i.e., pod numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight per plant, were much higher than those of SCA(specific combining ability). 4. Effects of combining ability: Variety Gyeonggi Gaeguri was expressed as the high GCA effects for pod numbers per plant and grain weight per plant. SCA effects were different from parents and characters in the different crosses, but high SCA effects for pod numbers per plant and grain weight per plant were expressed in the cross between Yeongdong Jeogdu and Nezumi Mochi.

토종 종계 계통 간 교배조합 시험에 따른 신품종 토종 실용산란계 생산

신가빈,이슬기,김기곤,이준호,장수용,허정민,추효준,손시환 한국가금학회 2023 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.50 No.4

This study conducted a diallel-crossbreeding test using four Korean native chicken parent stock lines (YC, YD, CK, and CF) to develop a native commercial layer with high egg-laying performance. A total of 312 chickens in six combinations were examined for various traits, including livability, body weight, age at first egg-laying, hen-day, and hen-housed egg production, egg weight, and egg quality, from hatching to 60 weeks of age. The results showed that the average survival rate was 77.1±18.8% with the YDYC combination having the highest survival rate along with excellent specific combining ability. The YDYC combination exhibited significantly higher body weight compared to the other combinations (P<0.01). The average age at first egg-laying was 121.3±2.5 days, with no significant difference between the combinations. The average hen-day egg production was 74.0±6.4%, and the hen-housed egg production was 181.4±33.8 eggs with the YDCF and YCCK combinations demonstrating the highest laying performance, while the YDYC and CKCF combinations had the lowest (P<0.05). Laying performance was more influenced by specific combining ability than general combining ability. The eggs from the YDYC combination were significantly lighter and had the darkest shell color (P<0.01), whereas the YDCF combination exhibited the thickest eggshells. There was no difference in internal egg quality among combinations, except the YDCF combination had the darkest yolk color. Overall, we concluded that the YCCK combination, characterized by high laying performance and livability, and the YDCF combination with high laying performance and good egg quality are the most desirable combinations for Korean native commercial layers. 본 연구는 산란능력이 우수한 토종 실용산란계를 개발하기 위하여 토종 종계 4계통(YC, YD, CK, CF)을 이용하여 이면 교배조합 검정시험(diallel crossbreeding test)을 실시하였다. 능력검정은 6개 조합의 312수를 대상으로 발생 후부터 60주령까지 생존율, 체중, 초산일령, 난중, 산란율 및 난질을 조사하고, 이들의 생산능력 및 결합능력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전체 조합의 평균 생존율은 77.1±18.8%이고, 조합 중 YDYC조합의 생존율이 가장 높았고, YCCF조합의 생존율이 가장 낮았다. YDYC조합의 경우, YD와 YC계통 간의 특정결합능력이 특히 우수하였다. 체중은 모든 측정 주령에서 조합 간의 유의한 차이가 있었는데, 전 기간 YDYC조합의 자손이 다른 조합의 자손들보다 무거운 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 평균 초산일령은 121.3±2.5일로 조합 간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 20주령부터 60주령까지 전체 조합의 평균 일계산란율은 74.0±6.4%이었고, 산란지수는 181.4± 33.8개로 일계산란율은 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 조합 중 YDCF 및 YCCK조합의 산란 성적이 가장 높았고, YDYC 및 CKCF조합이 가장 낮았으며, 이들의 성적은 일반결합능력보다 특정결합능력에 의해 더욱 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 난중은 측정 시점 모두에서 조합 간 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), YDYC조합의 난 중이 전체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 난각색, 난각 두께, 난각 무게 모두 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보이며(P<0.01), 난각색은 YDYC조합의 달걀이 가장 짙었고, 난각 두께는 YDCF조합이 가장 두꺼웠다. 내부 난질은 조합 간 차이가 없었으며, 난황색은 YDCF조합이 가장 짙은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 산란 능력을 바탕으로 최적의 토종 실용산란계를 선정시 산란율이 우수하면서 생존율이 높은 YCCK조합과 산란율이 우수하면서 상대적으로 난질이 양호한 YDCF조합이 가장 바람직한 조합으로 사료된다.

콩 主要 品種의 開花 및 生育日數에 대한 組合能力

Yeaul Kue Seung(成烈圭) 한국육종학회 1996 한국육종학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was carried out to get the varietal genetic differences for flowering and maturity in soybean. And a diallel cross from 6 soybean varieties was used to investigate combining ability and gene action for flowering and maturity. Highly significant GCA(General Combining Ability) and SCA(Specific Combining Ability) effects were observed on DPF(Days from Planting to Flowering) and DPM(Days from Planting to Maturity) in F₁ and F₂, and GCA effect was greater than SCA effect, which suggested that additive effect was greater than the dominance. Okuharawase, Yuhsuzumi, and Paldalkong had GCA effect of early flowering and maturity in F₁ and F₂, whereas Jangyeobkong, Danyeobkong, and Dogyukong had GCA effect of late flowering and maturity. The SCA effect was different from cross combinations.

누에 絹·絲質에 관한 雜種强勢 및 組合能力檢定

文炳圓,韓鏡秀 한국잠사학회 1994 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.1

The study was conducted to obtain the genetic information on heterosis and combining ability of the quantitative characters for F1, hybrid breeding in silk worms. Six parental varieties and each set of 30 diallel crosses in F1's and F2's were used as materials. and bred on the randomized complete block design with three replications. Fourteen characters were observed with the twenty samples in each tray. The data were analyzed for (1) heterosis and combining abilily in F1 hybrid. The heterosis in the weight and the length of cocoon showed positively high at 24.51%, and 23.43%, respectively and the weight of the whole cocoon as well as the weight of the whole cocoon layer showed a significant heterosis ranging from 15.56% to 15.71% and from 17.14% to 19.01%, but the fifth and the total instar period showed negative heterosis. It was found that the combination between, C70 X Romogua and N9 X Romogua showed highly a negative heterosis on the fifth instar period and for the cocoon weight. The female of N9 Sansuian and the male of Romogua X Sansurian have a high heterosis effect, on the cocoon shell weight, and Sansurian X Romogua (reciprocal) on the length and the weight of cocoon filament with no regard to sexuality. The significant maternal and cytoplasmic effect on heterosis of the cocoon weight and the cocoon shell weight were observed with the combinations. N9 X C5, N63 X C70 and on the length of the cocoon filament with the combinations, Sansurian X N63, Sansurian X C5, Sansurian X C70 and N9 X C70, N63 X C70 on the weight of cocoon filament. As mean squares of GCA, SCA and RCA were sinificant with these combining abilily for all characters resulted from additive and non-additive altogether and there is a significant difference between reciprocals. Sansurian showed a negative GCA effect on the fifth and total larval duration, but the higher positive GCA effects took places with varieties N9 and C5 on the length, width, weight of cocoon, cocoon shell weight, Percentage of cocoon shell weight, length and weight of cocoon filament, percentage of raw-silk with no regard to both generations and silkworm sexuality. The values of SCA between the cross combinations varied generation- wise and sex-wise. It was shown that SCA value for the fifth instar period was highly negative for Sansurian X C70, Romogua X C70, Sansurian X C5, Romogua X C5, but it was positive effect on the cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight with N9 X C5, and C70 X Sansurian, on the length of cocoon filament with N9 X C5, Romogua X Sansurian on the weitht of cocoon filament between Romogua and N63 and on the percentage of raw-silk between the combination of Sansurian X Romogua.

木花 收量形質의 組合能力 分析

崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2000 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.13 No.-

For this study 45 cbination of F_1 and F_2 generations were bred from 10×10 diallel cross cotton during the period from April to December, 1998. The combining abilities of their yield. character were analyzed with the following result ; 1. In the variance of combining ability GCA and SCA were significant in all the characters, both the additative effect and the non-additative were shown in the combining ability, but the difference between characters was significant. 2. In the effect analysis of GCA, Quall and Cheju showed a positive effect in number of ball per plant regard of generations boll weight Suncheon, Cheju showed negative effect regardless of generation, Length of seed and width of seed showed a positive effect in imsung fiber length showed a positived effect in Tomcat and Seosan. 3. In SCA effect, number of ball per plant showed a highly effect an F_1 of Tackson×Staneville and F_2 of Seosan×Tamcot combination. Lint weight per boll showed highly effect in F_1 of Soonchun×Imsung and F_2 of Tackson×Stoneville combination. Length of seed, showed highly effect in F_1 of Jackson×Seungju and F_2 of Muan×Tomcot combination, width of seed showed a positive effect in F_1 of Stoneville×Imsung and F_2 of Muam×Cheju and according of denier showed negative effect in F_1 of Qually×Seosan and F_2 of Tamcot×Imsung. Fiber length stowed a positived effect in F_1 of Jackson×stoneville and F_2 of Jackson×seosan combination.