색의 순서 변경을 이용한 색의 조화 개선 방법

유민준(Min-Joon Yoo),이인권(In-Kwon Lee) 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 2012 컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지 Vol.18 No.4

색의 조화로움(harmony)은 조화로운 색들의 선택 뿐 아니라 각 색들의 배치에 따라서도 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 색상의 배치 순서에 따라서 사람이 느끼는 조화로움에 차이가 있다는 사실을 보인다. 특히 색의 배색 및 선택에서 자주 사용되는 색 테마(Color Theme)의 구성 색들에 대한 예제를 보인다. 이를 위해서, 먼저 Ou [1][2]가 제안한 방법을 이용한 색상 배치 방법을 소개하고, 색 간의 차이를 최소로 하는 방법에 대해서도 제안을 한다. 이를 통하여 다수의 색이 구성되어있을 때는, 각 색들 간의 조화로움을 계산하여 순서를 정하는 것도 중요하지만, 그보다는 전체 색들 간의 차이가 적을 때 더욱 조화롭게 느껴진다는 것을 보인다. 사용자 평가를 통하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 색 테마의 전체적인 조화로움을 더욱 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다. Color harmony is affected by order of colors or orderly arrangement as well as harmonious colors themselves. In this paper, we show people perceive the degree of harmony differently according to the orderly arrangement of colors. Especially, we use the order of colors in color themes, or color schemes which have been largely used for color selection. We first present the method for harmony calculation of Ou’s researches[1][2] and then suggest a method considering minimum color distance of component colors. For a design consisting of multiple colors, we show overall harmony of colors is more important than each harmony of adjacent component colors. By user study, we conclude that the suggested method can enhance the harmony of color theme.

전통색 오정색, 십간색과 복합색채시스템 비교연구

정성환 ( Chung Sung Whan ) 한국기초조형학회 2017 기초조형학연구 Vol.18 No.2

서구의 색채연구 성과를 바탕으로 한 색채학과 전통색에 대한 축적된 선행연구에도 불구하고 이제껏 동양과 서구의 색채지각과 색채연구의 역사를 비교한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 동·서양의 색채지각과 색채연구의 역사를 비교하여 보편성과 상이성을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 뉴턴에 의해 촉발된 서구색채연구의 광학시대 이전 시기 서구의 색채지각과 색채연구를 동양의 오정색, 십간색을 기반으로 하는 전통색과의 비교를 범위로 하며, 연구의 특성 상 선행연구와 문헌고찰의 방법으로 이루어졌다. 연구는 전통색 오정색과 오정색의 혼색을 통한 상생간색·상극간색의 15색과 서구의 기본색(fundamental colors)과 기본색의 혼색을 통한 10 혼색(binary mixture)을 내용으로 하였다. 또한 4세기 칼시디우스(Chalcidius), 디귈리온(D`Aguilon), 쟌(Zahn)의 색체계 시스템의 변화과정을 내용으로 하였다. 전통색 오정색, 십간색과 복합색채시스템의 비교연구를 위해 동양의 전통색 오정색, 십간색의 색명을 기본색과 혼색의 관계를 가장 잘 나타내는 디귈리온은 복합시스템에 대입하여 연구내용을 종합하였다. 이의 결과 동양과 서구의 색채지각과 연구결과가 일치하였으며, 이는 시공간적인 제약에도 불구하고 동서양이 보편적이었다는 결론에 도달할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결론은 첫째, 전통색 오정색과 칼시디우스 선형색채시스템의 기본색은 무채색 흑백, 유채색 적황청으로 일치한다. 둘째, 오정색의 십간색과 디귈리온 복합색채시스템의 기본색과 10혼색은 일치한다. 셋째, 오정색과 기본색, 간색과 혼합색은 용어의 차이가 있을 뿐 동일한 개념이다. 넷째, 동양과 서구의 색채연구결과가 시공간적인 제약에도 일치하였다는 것은 결국 색채연구가 과학적인 논리에 우선하는 인간의 감각기관을 통해 얻어지는 정보 즉, `지각(perception)`이 절대적 보편성에 기초하였기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 인용된 선행연구, 문헌 등은 제한적으로 연구결과 역시 한계가 있다. 향후 상색간색과 십간색이 정립된 시기에 관한 연구와 전통색의 색명의 표준화 연구는 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다. Despite the preliminary studies on chromatology and traditional color based on Western color research results, it is hard to find any comparative study on the history of color research and color perception between East and West. Therefore, this study aims to study the universality and contradiction by comparing the history of color perception and color research of East and West. In this study, we compare the color perception and color studies of Europe before the optical age of Western color research initiated by Newton with those of traditional color based on Eastern color and ten colors, through advanced research and literature review. In this study, we have studied Eastern traditional 15 colors - 5 primary color and Coexistent relations Colors and Incompatible relations Colors, and 5 fundamental colors and 10 binary mixture of Western color. It also covered the a process of development of the color system from 4th century Chalcidius, D`Aguilon to Zahn. For the comparative study, substitute Eastern traditional color names for Western 15 color names on Diagillion compound color order system, which best represents the relationship between fundamental colors and binary mixture. As a result, color perception and research of East and West were in agreement with each other, and it could be concluded that East and West were universal despite spatio - temporal constraints. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, the basic colors of the traditional colors and the Chalcidius linear color system are matched with achromatic black and white and chromatic colors. Second, Eastern and Western 10 binary mixture coincide. Third, there is not any differentiation between Eastern and Western binary mixture except name. Fourth, the results of the color studies in East and West were consistent with the spatio-temporal constraints. Finally, it was found that the color research was based on the absolute universality of the information obtained through the human senses, which preceded the scientific logic. It is said that. The limitations of this study is to the previous studies and literature cited in this study. There are limitations is restriction on the previous studies and literature cited in this study. Future research on standardization and traditional colors should be continued.

Fe(NO3)3 수용액의 농도와 침지시간에 따른 지르코니아의 색상 및 특성 변화

서정일,박원욱,고재숙 대한치과기공학회 2016 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose:The increased aesthetic requirements and demands of patients have resulted in the developments of coloring liquid for zirconia. Methods: In this study, zirconia block was dipped into Fe(NO3)3solution, which showed a color and then concentration of Fe(NO3)3and zirconia's color and physical properties depending on the dipping time were observed and compared with exclusive coloring solutions. As the result, the following conclusions were obtained. Results: When compared with the specimens that were colored using exclusive solutions, L* value rose overall depending on the concentration of Fe(NO3)3and a* value was red in the form of (+) in all the specimens. Also, b* value was in the form of (+) at 0.5 to 1 ßfl, but was in the form of (-) at 1.5 to 2 ßfl. The dipping time did not highly influence L* value, but a* value and b* value were directly opposite to the specimens, which were not colored, except the sample that was dipped for only 2 seconds. When compared with exclusive coloring solutions, Fe(NO3)3had the most similar color at 0.5 to 1 ßfl and the longer the coloring time, the higher the rate of color change became. In relation to the density change depending on the addition of Fe(NO3)3, there was the lowest density at 2 ßfl and the density was increased in the specimens that were not colored. Conclusion: These results show that Fe(NO3)3solution can be used to make colored zirconia. It is expected that newly made colored zirconia can be used in clinical practice because the colored zirconia not only possesses the mechanical properties that all ceramic core material should have but also was biocompatible to a living cells.

Fe(NO₃)₃ 수용액의 농도와 침지시간에 따른 지르코니아의 색상 및 특성 변화

서정일,박원욱,고재숙,Seo, Jeong Il,Park, Won Uk,Go, Jae-Sook 대한치과기공학회 2016 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: The increased aesthetic requirements and demands of patients have resulted in the developments of coloring liquid for zirconia. Methods: In this study, zirconia block was dipped into $Fe(NO_3)_3$solution, which showed a color and then concentration of $Fe(NO_3)_3$and zirconia's color and physical properties depending on the dipping time were observed and compared with exclusive coloring solutions. As the result, the following conclusions were obtained. Results: When compared with the specimens that were colored using exclusive solutions, $L^*$ value rose overall depending on the concentration of $Fe(NO_3)_3$and $a^*$ value was red in the form of (+) in all the specimens. Also, $b^*$ value was in the form of (+) at 0.5 to $1{\ss}fl$, but was in the form of (-) at 1.5 to $2{\ss}fl$. The dipping time did not highly influence $L^*$ value, but $a^*$ value and $b^*$ value were directly opposite to the specimens, which were not colored, except the sample that was dipped for only 2 seconds. When compared with exclusive coloring solutions, $Fe(NO_3)_3$had the most similar color at 0.5 to $1{\ss}fl$ and the longer the coloring time, the higher the rate of color change became. In relation to the density change depending on the addition of $Fe(NO_3)_3$, there was the lowest density at $2{\ss}fl$ and the density was increased in the specimens that were not colored. Conclusion: These results show that $Fe(NO_3)_3$solution can be used to make colored zirconia. It is expected that newly made colored zirconia can be used in clinical practice because the colored zirconia not only possesses the mechanical properties that all ceramic core material should have but also was biocompatible to a living cells.

Polymeric Inverse Glasses for Development of Noniridescent Structural Colors in Full Visible Range

Lee, Gun Ho,Sim, Jae Young,Kim, Shin-Hyun American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.19

<P>Amorphous colloidal array with short-range order displays noniridescent structural colors due to the isotropic nature of the colloidal arrangement. The low angle dependence renders the colloidal glasses, which is promising for various coloration applications. Nevertheless, the colloidal glasses are difficult to develop red structural color due to strong cavity-like resonance from individual particles in the blue region. To suppress the cavity mode and develop the colors in the full visible range, we prepare inverse glasses composed of amorphous array of air cavities with short-range order. To produce the structures in a simple and reproducible manner, monodisperse silica particles are dispersed in a photocurable resin of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) at a volume fraction of 0.3. The particles spontaneously form the amorphous array with short-range order, which is rapidly captured in polymeric films by photopolymerization of the resin. Selective removal of silica particles from the polymerized resin leaves behind amorphous array of air cavities. The inverse glasses display structural colors with negligible backscattering in blue due to short optical path and low index in each cavity. Therefore, the colors can be tuned in full visible range by simply controlling the cavity size. The photocurable suspensions of silica particles can be patterned by photolithography, which enables the production of freestanding films containing patterned inverse glasses with noniridescent structural colors.</P>

3음절 한자어 색채어의 배열순서와 단어 구조

여채려(Yu, Caili) 한국어학회 2016 한국어학 Vol.72 No.-

This paper aims to investigate how is the relationship between the combinatorial order of Sino-Korean morpheme and the word structure in trisyllabic Sino-Korean color terms. The subjects for study are ‘XYsek’ and its mirror symmetry ‘YXsek’ in this paper. The ‘XYsek’ were classified into 2 categories, according to whether the precedence morpheme describes value or not. One is ‘XvalueYhuesek’, which means that ‘X’color modifies ‘Y’color. unlikely, its mirror symmetry ‘YhueXvaluesek’ explains that ‘Y’ color is mixed with ‘X’ color. And the other one is ‘XhueYhuesek’, which means that ‘Y’ color is coexists with ‘X’ color. And the same as its mirror symmetry ‘YhueXhuesek’. According to these analyses, we can known that due to the combinatorial order of Sino-Korean morpheme, the type of meaning is difference. Therefore, the word structure in these types of words are analyzed as ‘Xvalue-Yhuesek’, ‘YhueXvalue-sek’, ‘Xhue-Yhuesek’ and ‘Yhue-Xhuesek’ respectively. On the one hand, the word-initial rule is observed in ‘XYblue/greensek’. In this case, the word structure should be differently analysed. It appears like ‘X-Yblue/greensek’ as if ‘Yblue/green’ is subject to the word-initial rule, and appears like ‘XYblue/green-sek’ as if ‘Yblue/green’ is not.

동양사상으로 본 색 체계 해석 가능성에 대한 연구

양미랑(Yang Mi-Rang),박영목(Park Yeong-Mog) 한국디자인학회 2004 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Kalman Filters for Continuous-time Fractional-order Systems Involving Fractional-order Colored Noises Using Tustin Generating Function

Zhe Gao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.3

This study presents fractional-order Kalman filers for linear fractional-order systems with colored noises using Tustin generating function. A continuous-time fractional-order system with the fractional-order colored process noise is discretized by Tustin generating function. The augmented vector consists of the state and the colored noise is offered to construct an augmented system based on the discretized state equation of a fractional-order system and the colored process noise. The Tustin fractional-order Kalman filter is designed based on the augmented system to obtain the state estimation, effectively. Besides, the colored noise involved in the measurement of a continuous-time fractional-order system is also discussed, and the corresponding Tustin fractional-order Kalman filter is provided in this study. Two illustrative examples are given to verify the effectiveness of Tustin fractionalorder Kalman filters for the colored process and measurement noises.

동일 가격에 판매되는 다른 색상 제품들의 기대수익 관계에 대한 연구

정성욱 한국기업경영학회 2021 기업경영연구 Vol.28 No.6

본 연구는 동일 가격에 판매되는 다른 색상을 가진 제품들의 기대수익 관계에 대해 살펴본다. 의류, 신발, 화장품 등 많은 제품들이 동일한 가격에 다양한 색상 옵션을 제공한다. 제품 색상은 다르지만 생산 비용의 차이가 거의 없어 동일 가격에 판매될 수 있다. 하지만 소비자 반응은 색상에 따라 매우 다르다. 어떤 색상은 소비자로부터 큰 관심을 받지만, 어떤 색상은 별다른 관심을 얻지 못한다. 기업들은 소비자 관심을 얻지 못한 색상에 대한 생산을 중단할 것이다. 소비자 반응과 기대 수요에 대한 정보는 축적될 것이며, 기업들은 이러한 정보를 활용하여 어떤 색상이 더 큰 수익을 창출하고, 어떤 조건 하에서 하나의 색상이 다른 색상보다 더 큰 수익을 창출할지에 관심을 가진다. 본 연구는 집중화된 공급사슬에서의 뉴스벤더(newsvendor) 모형과 확률적 지배 관계(stochastic dominance)를 이용하여 색상이 다른 제품들의 기대수익 관계를 분석한다. 본 연구의 결과, 확률적으로 큰 수요를 가진 색상 제품의 공급사슬 수익이 확률적으로 작은 수요를 가진 색상 제품의 공급사슬 수익보다 크기 위해서는, 두 제품의 주문량이 일정 수준을 상회해야 한다. 만약 두 색상에 대한 기대 수요가 같으면, 작은 수요 변동성을 가진 색상 제품으로부터 더 큰 공급사슬 수익을 기대할 수 있다. 두 색상의 기대 수요가 같지 않다면, 변동성 차이로부터 발생 가능한 손실을 보상할 만큼 기대 수요 차이가 큰 경우에만 더 큰 공급사슬 수익을 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 색상 외에도 제품 향과 맛, 외관 디자인 등 동일 가격에 제공되지만 상이한 제품 특성에 대해서도 적용할 수 있다. This research examines the expected profit relationship of products that have different colors but are sold at the same price in centralized supply chain. Some products, such as clothing, shoes, and cosmetics, provide various color options but sales prices are the same. There is little difference in production cost so products with different colors can be provided at the same price. Some colors receive great attention from customers, while others receive little attention. Companies will stop producing products of colors that have not attracted customers. The information about customers’ attention and demands will accumulate. Companies are interested in which color will generate larger profits. Using the newsvendor model and the definition of stochastic dominance, this study attempts to find under what conditions one color will generate larger returns than the other. It was found that a product of a color that has stochastically larger demands generates a larger profit only when the order quantity exceeds a certain level. It was also found that when the expected demands of the different colors are the same, a product of a color with a smaller variance will generate a larger profit. If the expected demands of two colors are different, a larger supply chain profit is expected from the color with larger demands if the difference in expected demands is large enough to compensate for losses that may arise from the differences in variances. Results of this study can be applied to other differences in product characteristics that are provided at the same price. Companies need to check the conditions presented in this study to see which color they can expect larger profits and establish production strategies.

색 경험과 환원적 설명

김효은(Kim, Hyo-Eun) 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2011 철학사상 Vol.39 No.-

의식적 경험에 관한 성향적 고차 이론은 경쟁 이론인 일차이론과 고차적 사고이론의 난점을 극복하려는 시도에서 제시되었다. 성향적 고차이론은 단순히 일차 이론의 난점 뿐만 아니라 일차 이론과 고차 이론이 정작 여러 형태의 무의식적 지각 상태에 대한 설명이 어렵다는 점 또한 극복할 수 있다. 반면, 일차 이론의 설명이 보이는 강점이었던 지각 경험의 본래성에 대한 설명에 대하여는 성향적 고차 이론이 취약한 것처럼 보이기도 한다. 하지만, 필자는 우리 지각 경험이 본래적이라는 당연시 여겨졌던 가정 자체가 오히려 우리의 지각 경험에 있어서 임의로 짧게 상정된 관찰시간에 기인한다고 방어하였다. 이런 점에서 성향적 고차 이론은 지각 경험에 대해 아무런 반성 없이 가정했던 전제들을 비판적으로 성찰하게끔 하는 기회를 제공한다. 또한, 성향적 고차 이론은 색깔의 물리적 속성이 본래 성향적 속성을 가지고 있음을 전적으로 부정하지 않으면서 색깔이 지각되는 인과 과정 또한 과학적 성과와도 일관적임을 밝히면서 다양한 지각경험들의 차이를 밝혀준다는 점에서 보다 세련된 설명이라고 할 수 있다. This paper argues for a form of representational theory of color and Peter Carruthers’ dispositionalist version of the higher-order thought theory. The dispositionalist account is a higher-order thought theory, yet overcomes the shortcomings of both the first-order theory and the higher-order thought theory. The theory I embrace explains conscious states such as color perception as available to a higher-order of thought. The difficulty with the account lies in its non-categorical and its non-actual characteristics that become its strength in explicating the different forms of non-phenomenally conscious perceptual states. On the downside, the account seems to have difficulty in explaining the non-dispositional nature of our perceptual experience. Rosenthal criticizes that the theory has difficulty explaining our phenomenal aspects of mental states because disposition alone has no causal role in making the information actual. I argue against this criticism by raising the question of the received assumption that our perceptual experience is intrinsic. The impression that our color experience is intrinsic might be misleading due to the short time slot in observation. Unlike the traditional characteristic of color, our color experience can be dispositional depending on the duration of observation. In conclusion, Carruthers’ dispositional account of higher-order thought theory is a more refined account that it is consistent with scientific facts of color and that it specifies different kinds of nonconscious color perception.