드라이버 스윙 시 헤드 스피드 증가가 지면반력에 미치는 영향

이성규,임영태,권문석,김기현,이재우,박준성 한국골프학회 2019 골프연구 Vol.13 No.3

[목적] 본 연구는 드라이버를 이용하여 볼의 방향성을 유지한 상태에서 신체 운동을 통한 클럽헤드의 속도의 증가가 지면반력에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. [방법] Trackman과 8대의 Vicon 카메라(250Hz), 2대의 지면반력기(2000Hz)를 이용하여 남자 골프선수 5명의 드라이버스윙 동작 시 지면반력에 대한 수직력과 좌우, 전후 그리고 클럽 헤드의 속도, 볼의 전체비거리에 평균값을 산출하였으며, SPSS ver. 22 프로그램을 사용하여 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 실시하였다(α=.05). [결과] 분석 결과 양발의 수직 지면반력을 합한 전체수직력 변화는 E3(ED)구간에서 IS가 GS보다 높게 나왔으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 좌·우 지면반력 변화는 E2(TB), E3(ED)구간에서 lead foot이 IS가 GS보다 낮게 나왔으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 전·후 지면반력 변화에서 Lead foot은 E2(TB), E3(ED)구간에서 IS가 GS보다 높게 나왔으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. Trail foot은 E3(ED)구간에서 IS가 GS보다 높게 나왔으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. IS가 GS보다 클럽헤드 속도와 비거리가 증가되었다. [결론] 비거리 증가를 위한 스윙 시 지면을 눌러주는 힘이 증가되었고 이는 클럽헤드 스피드와 비거리 증가에 매우 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ground reaction force on increasing club head speed during driver swing. [Method] Five male professional golfers were participated. A Trackman, 8 Vicon cameras (250Hz), and two force plates (2000Hz) were used to collect the ground reactions force, and club head speed during driver swing. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed using the SPSS ver. 22 program and alpha set at .05. [Result] As a result, vertical ground reaction force was significantly different between IS and GS in E3(ED). Medial and lateral of lead foot ground reaction force showed that IS was lower than GS in E2(TB) and E3(ED). Anterior and posterior of lead foot ground reaction force indicated that IS was higher than GS in E2(TB) and E3(ED), and ground reaction force of trail foot was showed that IS was higher than GS in E3(ED). Finally, club head speed and distance of IS was faster than GS. [Conclusion] It was found that participants were used vertical ground reaction force more to increase club head speed. Therefore, vertical ground reaction force may be factor to increase club head speed and distance.

운동역학 : X-Factor가 드라이브샷의 스피드에 주는 영향

장재관(JaeKwanChang) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of X-Factor in club head speed. The term X-Factor means the relative rotation of shoulders with respect to hips during the golf swing. By using the swing mate(model G640), the club head speeds of 3 male professional golfers and 3 male amateur golfers were measured. Six JVC video cameras(GR-HD1KR) and the x, y, z, coordinates of 20 points defining a fourteen segment model of the human body were used for further analysis. After smoothing the raw data with a second order Butterworth low pass filter the X-Factors of the subjects were calculated.The results can be summarized as follows. The standard deviations of the amateurs' average club head speeds were higher than the professionals'. This means that the professional golfers had more consistency in drive swing skill than the amateurs'. As the club head speeds were gradually increased, the professional golfers' average X-Factor values and X-Factor variations were larger than the amateurs'. The X-Factor had meaningful effect only for the amateurs' with beginner levels.

엘리트 남, 여 대학골프선수의 클럽별 스윙템포와 헤드스피드 분석 연구

박성진(Park Sung-jin) 한국체육과학회 2008 한국체육과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to look into necessary times and club head speeds from one end to the other end of each swing of a driver, long irons and short irons for each of three superior men's university golf players and women's university golf players having careers as national team players or regular team players, thereby propose the general swing tempos of the players, and study whether or not the current method of using a head speed or flying distance in determining the strength of shaft is justifiable. It showed that the swing tempos (the time needed from the start of back swing to impact) of male players were an average of 1.30 seconds, 1.32 seconds and 1.37 seconds for a driver, long irons and short irons, respectively, while those of female players were an average of 1.48 seconds, 1.37 seconds and 1.37 seconds for the respective clubs. That indicates a tendency the swing tempo of male players is faster than that of female players, and also demonstrates the swing of male players gets faster as the length of a club is decreasing, while, in case of female players, the tempo of a long driver is slower than irons. It indicated that the time required from the top of back swing to impact becoming an important factor in deciding the strength of shafts were an average of 0.31 seconds, 0.29 seconds and 0.35 seconds for a driver, long irons and short irons, respectively, for male players, while, in case of female players, were an average of 0.33 seconds, 0.33 seconds and 0.32 seconds for the respective clubs, and the head speeds were an average of 112.45mph, 96.13mph and 86.83mph for a driver, long irons and short irons, respectively, for male players, while those of female players were an average of 96.13mph, 81.61mph and 65.14mph for the respective clubs. This demonstrates a tendency the male players swing faster than the females players and the head speed gets higher as the length of a club is increasing, but does not show the players with a shorter impact time do not always swing with a faster head speed.

골프 샷 임팩트 속력 분석 시 적정 차단 주파수에 관한 논의

김용운,손지훈 한국골프학회 2017 골프연구 Vol.11 No.4

[Purpose] In 3D motion analysis of golf performance using an optical capture device, filtering is fundamental part of the data processing, and it is necessary to carefully set an optimal cut-off frequency to calculate the club head’s speed accurately. [Method] To determine the appropriate cut-off frequency in golf shots being done at high speeds compared to general human movements, four university athletes shot for target distances of 30m, 50m, 70m and 90m with their wedge irons to generate different club head's speeds. The cut-off frequency corresponding to the cumulative power of 90%, 95%, 99% and 99.5% was calculated by the power spectral analysis with the raw coordinate data, and the speeds of the club head were calculated again by applying the relative cut-off frequency values. [Results] It might be recommended to calculate the speed after filtering by applying the cut-off frequency corresponding to 95 ~ 99% cumulative power in order to reflect the fast-moving characteristic of the club head properly. The tendency was to underestimate the veridical speed when applying a relatively low cut-off frequency. [Conclusion] It is necessary to properly apply the cut-off frequency in data filtering to properly reflect the characteristics of the original signal, and it would be recommended to use power spectral analysis. [목적] 광학식 캡처 장비를 활용한 골프 임팩트에 관한 3차원 영상 분석 시, 필터링은 자료 처리 과정의 일부이며, 이때 클럽헤드의 속력을 제대로 산출하기 위해 적절한 차단 주파수 설정이 필요하다. [방법] 이를 확인하기 위해 대학 선수 4명에게 본인의 웨지 아이언으로 30m, 50m, 70m, 90m 거리를 목표로 샷을 하게 하여 각각의 다른 클럽헤드 속력을 만들어 내었다. 이후, 획득한 좌표 자료로 파워 스펙트럼 분석을 하여 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%의 누적 파워에 해당하는 차단 주파수를 산출하였고, 산출된 차단 주파수 값을 적용하여 클럽헤드의 속력을 재차 산출하였다. [결과] 연구 결과, 클럽헤드의 빠른 움직임 특성을 제대로 반영하기 위해서는 95~99% 누적 파워에 해당하는 차단 주파수를 적용하여 필터링을 한 후, 속력을 산출하는 것을 권장하는데, 이는 낮은 차단 주파수 설정 시 원래 속력을 과소 추정하는 경향이 나타났기 때문이다. [결론] 추후 모션 캡처 시스템을 활용한 골프 영상 분석 연구 시, 적절한 차단 주파수를 설정하여 원신호의 특성을 제대로 반영해야 할 것이며, 이때 파워 스펙트럼 분석을 활용하는 것을 권장한다.

The Speed of Golf Ball after Impact with Golf Club

Seong-Yoon Shin,Yang-Won Rhee 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.2

In the present article, an algorithm is obtained for calculating the speed of a golf ball that flies after being hit by the head of a golf club. First, the golf club moves at a given speed to hit the golf ball. Then, the head of the golf club moves forward in the same direction at a given speed. At this time, the speed of the golf ball flying upon impact of the golf ball with the club head is calculated. The purpose of the present article is to calculate the speed of the club head, the impact, the speed of flying ball after the impact, the moving directional pattern of the ball after impact, etc. Results of the study through experiments and implications as well are exhibited in details.

남자 프로골퍼의 드라이버 스윙 시 손목코킹 릴리즈 분석연구

박영진(Park, Young-Jin),박성진(Park, Sung-Jin),구본호(Koo, Bon-Ho),김종인(Kim, Jong-In) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

The research investigated male pro golfers’ wrist cocking release time according to driver club head speeds and ground reaction force and derived following results: 1. As a result of dividing male pro golfers’ head speeds into a high group and a low group and analyzing backswing top wrist cocking angles, there was no statistically significant difference. 2. As a result of dividing male pro golfers’ head speeds into a high group and a low group and analyzing wrist cocking release time, wrist cocking release was shown at the point of 57.87% of down swing for the high group, and 47.47% for the low group; there was statistically significant difference (p<.05). 3. As a result of dividing male pro golfers’ head speeds into a high group and a low group and analyzing ground reaction force, there was no statistically significant difference. Such results revealed that players with high head speeds in the high group had slower swing late wrist cocking release time compared to players in the low group. This study is considered to provide objective data that swing technique slowing down wrist cocking release time is very important to improve head speed.

남자 골프선수의 드라이버 스윙 시 클럽 헤드 스피드 향상을 위한 운동역학적 결정요인 탐색

이재우,김영숙,박준성 한국운동역학회 2024 한국운동역학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the biomechanical determination factor for improving club head speed during the driver swing in male golf players. Method: Twenty-seven golf players were participated in this study. Eight motion capture cameras (250 Hz) and two force plates (2,000 Hz) were used to collect peak angular velocity and ground reaction force data. It was performed stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and alpha set at .05. Results: The peak plantar flexion angular velocity of the left ankle joint and the peak adduction angular velocity of the right shoulder joint were statistically significant. The peak plantar flexion angular velocity of the left ankle joint and the peak adduction angular velocity of the right shoulder during downswing. Conclusion: It is suggested that applying body conditioning training aimed at improving related body functions to increase maximum plantar flexion angular velocity in the left ankle joint will be effective in improving club head speed.

골프 드라이버 스윙 시 샤프트강도에 따른 스윙동작의 운동학적 비교분석

김종인,설성란,조현호,구본호,박영진 한국골프학회 2018 골프연구 Vol.12 No.1

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 남자 프로 골프선수들을 대상으로 스윙 시 X-factor, X-factor stretch, 손목코킹릴리즈 시점 및 클럽헤드스피드를 분석하여 비거리 향상을 위한 드라이버샤프트 선택방법의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. [방법] 남자 프로 골프 선수 19명을 대상으로 동작 분석을 실시하여 X-factor, X-factor stretch 및 손목코킹릴리즈 시점을 산출하였고 트랙맨을 사용하여 클럽헤드스피드를 측정하였다. 수집된 데이터는 Wilcoxon signed-rank test 하였고 유 의수준은 5%미만으로 설정하였다. [결과] 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 샤프트 강도차이에 따른 X-factor stretch 값은 R 샤프트스윙이 S샤프트 스윙보다 더 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 손목코킹릴리즈 시점은 R샤프트스윙이 S샤프트스윙보다 손목코킹릴리즈 시점이 늦는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 클럽헤드스피드는 R샤프트스윙이 S샤프트 스윙보다 빠르게 나 타났다. [결론] R샤프트강도의 샤프트를 장착하여 스윙한 경우 S샤프트를 장착했을 때 보다 X-factor stretch가 더 크 게 나타났으며 손목코킹릴리즈 시점이 더 늦게 나타나 클럽헤드스피드를 증가시키는데 도움이 된다고 사료된다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to provide a basic data of driver shaft selection to enhance driving distance by analyzing male professional golfers’s X-factor, X-factor stretch and wrist cock release point. [Method] Sampling subjects were members of KPGA, and randomly selected 19 active members. X-factor, X-factor stretch and wrist cock release point were derived from kinematic analysis of trunk and wrist motion. To verify the differences among measured variables, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed, with statistical significant level() was .05. [Result] Results obtained by this study are as below. Firstly, X-factor stretch values showed R shaft swing is bigger than S shaft swing. Secondly, wrist cock release points of R shaft swing is slower than the other. Thirdly, club head speed by different driver shaft stiffness values were of R shaft swing is shown higher than the other. [Conclusion] Swing with the R shaft is shown bigger X-factor stretch and slower release point of wrist cock It is considered R shaft swing is helpful to improve the speed of club head.

골프 스윙 팬 훈련이 헤드스피드에 미치는 영향

권순일(Kwon Soon-Il),김승민(Kim Seung-Min) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This study was to investigate the effect of the weight training and the swing fan training on both the golf driver's head speed and the improvement of muscle power on shoulder joint, trunk joint, and Knee joint during 8 weeks. For this study, 10 male subjects with 2-year golf career was recruited, and divided into two groups; 5 males with weight training on the experimental group, the other 5 with swing fan training on controlled group. The average power for two groups was measured by body parts before and after the training, and the club's head speed was compared and analyzed with the statistical method (paned t-test and independent t-test). The result for this study was drawn below. between before and after training(p<.05) for the flexor average power of left shoulder on the controlled group, and there was a significant difference between before and after training(p<.05) on the experimental group. There was a significant difference between before and after training(p<.05) for the flexor average power of waist on the controlled group, and there was a very significant difference between before and after training(p<.01) on the experimental group. There was a significant difference between before and after training(p<.05) for the flexor average power of left knee on the controlled group. and there was a very significant difference between before and after training(p<.001) on the experimental group. There was a significant difference between before and after training(p<.05) for the head speed on the controlled group, and there was a very significant difference between before and after training(p<.01) on the experimental group. The experimental group showed the head speed faster than controlled group, but there was not a significant difference between the controlled and experimental group.

탄력밴드 저항운동 프로그램이 골프 참여자의 클럽 헤드스피드에 미치는 효과 : 웜-업 프로그램의 즉각적인 기대효과를 중심으로

최용민,유한나,강영경,홍상현 한국골프학회 2022 골프연구 Vol.16 No.1

[목적] 본 연구는 아마추어 골퍼를 대상으로 티샷 전 웜-업 운동프로그램 실시 전후에 따른 헤드스피드에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. [방법] 이를 위해 광주, 전남 지역에 거주하는 아마추어 골퍼 80명을 대상으로 탄력밴드 저항 웜-업 운동 전후의 클럽 헤드스피드, 심박수 검사를 실시하였다. [결과] 중재 후의 결과는 탄력밴 드 저항 웜-업 후 중재 전에 비해서 중재 후 클럽 헤드스피드가 유의하게 증가하였다. 성별, 연령, 핸디캡에 따라 중재 전후 클럽 헤드스피드 변화량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 탄력밴드 저항 웜-업 후 중재 전에 비해서 중재 후 심박수가 유의하게 증가하였다. [결론] 본 연구를 통해 탄력밴드 저항 웜-업이 아마추어 골퍼의 클럽 헤드스피드, 심박수에 효과를 미치는 중재 방법이라는 것을 확인하였으며, 탄력밴드 저항 웜-업 프로그램이 향후 MZ세대 아 마추어 골퍼들에게 좋은 프로그램이 될 것으로 기대된다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study is to suggest a more effective warm-up exercise program for improving golfers' performance by examining the effect on the head speed before and after the warm-up exercise program before and after the tee shot for amateur golfers. [Method] For this, club head speed and heart rate tests were conducted before and after the experiment to confirm the effect of elastic band resistance warm-up on 80 amateur golfers living in Gwangju and Jeonnam. [Result] After the intervention, first, after the elastic band resistance warm-up, the club head speed increased significantly after the intervention compared to before the intervention. Second, there was no significant difference in the amount of change in club head speed before and after intervention according to gender. Third, there was no significant difference in the amount of change in club head speed before and after intervention according to age. Fourth, there was no significant difference in the amount of change in club head speed before and after arbitration according to handicap. Fifth, after the elastic band resistance warm-up, the heart rate significantly increased after the intervention compared to before the intervention. [Conclusion] Through this study, it was confirmed that the elastic band resistance warm-up is an intervention method that has an effect on the club head speed and heart rate of amateur golfers.