Clove(Eugenia Caryophyllata Thumb)에 의한 Escherichia coli 0157:H7의 증식과 생존억제

박찬성 한국식품조리과학회 1998 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

저농도의 clove(0~0.5%, w/v)를 함유한 tryptic soy broth(TSB)에 E. coli 0157:H7을 $10^{*}$ 5-$10^{*}$ 7 cells/ml되게 접종하여 clove가 E. coli의 증식과 생존에 미치는 효과를 이 세균의 최적온도($35^{\circ}C$)와 저온(-20, $5^{\circ}C$) 및 고온(50, $55^{\circ}C$)에서 검토하였다. $35^{\circ}C$에서의 E. coli의 증식은 0.1%의 clove 농도에서 배양초기부터 빠른 속도로 종식하였으나 0.3%에서는 약간의 유도기를 거친 후에 증식이 시작되었고 0.5%에서는 저장기간 중생균수가 감소하였다. Clove를 함유한 TSB에 $10^{*}$ 6~$10^{*}$ 7 cells/ml가 되게 E. coli를 접종하여 32일간 저온저장(-20, $5^{\circ}C$)하였을 때 E. coli에 대한 생존억제는 냉장에서 clove의 농도가 높을수록, 저장기간이 길어질수록 뚜렷해졌으며 0.3%와 0.4%에서는 각각 저장 32일, 24일에 사멸하였다. -2$0^{\circ}C$에서 동결저장한 경우에는 저장초기의 4일간 2.9~4.07 log cycle의 급격한 감소를 나타내었으며 이후부터 32일간 저장하는 동안 1.0~2.1 log cycle 감소하였고 첨가한 clove의 농도차이 에 따른 생존억제효과는 약간의 차이 에 불과하였다. $50^{\circ}C$에 저장한 E. coli는 clove농도 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%에서 D-value는 각각 105.26, 22.47, 13.76, 11.14, 10.17분이었으며 $55^{\circ}C$에서 D-value는 clove의 농도 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%에서 각각 10.75, 8.95, 7.40, 5.96, 4.96분이었다. Clove에 의한 생존억제작용은 $55^{\circ}C$에 비하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 뚜렷한 효과를 나타내었다. The inhibitory effect of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb) on the growth of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was determined. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing 0∼0.5% (w/v) of clove was inoculated with 10/sup/5∼10/sup/7 CFU/ml of E. coli and incubated at 5 different temperature (35, 5, -20, 50 and $55^{\circ}C$). The growth of E. coli was not inhibited at 0.1% clove and growth occured at 0.3% after a prolonged lag period while viable cells of E. coli decreased at 0.5% clove during storage at $35^{\circ}C$. During 32 days of refrigerated storage at $5^{\circ}C$, survivors of E. coli were decreased with the progress of time and increasing clove concentration. At the presence of 0.3 or 0.4% clove, bacterial cells were dead at the end of refrigerated storage. During frozen storage at -$20^{\circ}C$, survivors of E. coli at the presence of 0∼0.4% clove were decreased 2.9∼4.07 log cycles for 4 days of early period and then decreased 1.0∼2.1 log cycles through the frozen storage. There were small changes in populations of E. coli in TSB between different concentrations of clove during frozen storage. The D-values for E. coli at $50^{\circ}C$ were 105.26, 22.47, 13.76, 11.14 and 10.17 min at clove 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%, respectively. The D-values for E. coli at $55^{\circ}C$ were 10.75, 8.95, 7.40, 5.96 and 4.96 min at clove 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%, respectively. Antibacterial activity of clove against E. coli was more effective at $50^{\circ}C$ than at $55^{\circ}C$.

식중독 미생물의 biofilm 형성에 대한 계피, 정향 및 레몬그래스 정유의 억제 효과

김형은,김용석,Kim, Hyeong-Eun,Kim, Yong-Suk 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.5

항균활성이 뛰어난 식물 정유를 이용하여 식품가공 기구 및 용기에 다양하게 사용되는 polyethylene과 stainless steel 표면에 형성된 식중독 6종의 biofilm 형성에 대한 억제 효과를 연구하였다. 식물 정유 20종의 식중독 미생물에 대한 항균활성을 disk diffusion 방법으로 평가한 결과 cinnamon > clove > lemongrass > peppermint > pine needle 순으로 항균활성을 나타냈다. Cinnamon과 clove 정유의 최소억제농도(MIC)와 최소살균농도(MBC)는 각각 0.63-1.25 mg/mL과 1.25-2. mg/mL의 범위를 나타냈으며, lemongrass 정유의 MIC와 MBC는 각각 1.25-2.50 mg/mL과 2.50-5.00 mg/mL로 약간 낮은 항균활성을 나타냈다. 정유 3종의 biofilm 형성 예방효과는 식중독 미생물과 polyethylene 및 stainless steel에 따라 다소 차이가 있었지만, 0.5% 농도의 cinnamon, clove와 lemongrass 정유를 식품접촉 표면에 미리 코팅하였을 때 biofilm 형성에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 정유의 농도가 증가할수록 모든 식중독 미생물에 대해서 biofilm 형성을 유의적으로 억제하였으며(P<0.05), 0.5% cinnamon과 clove 정유 처리에 의해 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112와 S. aureus KCCM 11812의 biofilm이 형성되지 않았다. Polyethylene과 stainless steel coupon 표면에 형성된 식중독 미생물의 biofilm의 제거 효과를 측정한 결과, 식중독 미생물의 종류에 따라 차이가 있었지만 정유의 농도가 증가할수록 biofilm 제거 효과는 높아졌으며, 대체로 clove 정유의 biofilm 제거율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 0.5%의 cinnamon과 clove 정유는 polyethylene과 stainless steel 표면에 식중독 미생물이 형성하는 biofilm을 예방, 성장 억제 및 제거할 수 있는 천연 소재로 적용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. Essential oils with excellent antibacterial activity were used to study the inhibitory effect against the six types of food poisoning biofilms formed on the surfaces of polyethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS) that are widely used for food processing instruments and containers. The antibacterial activity of 20 kinds of essential oils was tested using the disk diffusion method. The result showed the degree of antibacterial activity in the following order: cinnamon> clove> lemongrass> peppermint> pine needle (highest to lowest). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon and clove oil were in the range of 0.63-1.25 mg/mL and 1.25-2.50 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC of lemongrass oil were 1.25-2.50 mg/mL and 2.50-5.00 mg/mL, respectively, showing slightly less antibacterial activity. Although the preventive effect of three types of essential oils on the biofilm formation differed slightly depending on food poisoning bacteria, PE, and SS, it was found that the precoating of 0.5% cinnamon, clove, and lemongrass oil on the PE and SS affects the formation of biofilm. Increased essential oil concentration significantly inhibited the biofilm formation for all food poisoning bacteria (P<0.05), and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were not formed when treated with 0.5% cinnamon and clove oil. The elimination effect of food poisoning bacteria biofilms formed on the surfaces of PE and SS differed depending on the type of food poisoning bacteria. Still, the biofilm elimination effect increased as the essential oil concentration increased, and the biofilm elimination rate of clove oil was generally high. Therefore, this study found that the cinnamon and clove essential oils (0.5%) are suitable natural materials that effectively prevent, inhibit, and remove the biofilms formed by the food poisoning bacteria on the surfaces of polyethylene and stainless steel.

정향나무의 꽃봉오리를 이용한 퍼머넌트 웨이브 모발의 모발보호효과

박미나 ( Mi Na Park ),고경숙 ( Kyoung Sook Ko ) 대한미용문화예술학회 2015 대한미용문화예술학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This study attempted to determine the effects of hair protection by investigating the characteristics and possibilities of hair cosmetics using the hot water extracts of Clove and then hair-protection effects were confirmed through pre-treatment and post-treatment at chemical treatments. At the chemical treatments, the general treatment was divided into pre treatment(NP) and general treatment post-process(NA). Then, the Clove-based treatment was divided into pre-treatment(CP) and post processing(CA). According to the analysis, tensile strength was the highest in the Clove extract treatment group. At consecutive treatments, ‘CA’ which processed treatment for Clove, was the highest. In terms of hair thickness, the Clove group was greater than the general treatment group. When measured to determine the morphological characteristics of ‘Hair’ at 20,000 magnifications using SEM, the Clove extract post-treatment group (CP) revealed the highest value (471.4 ± 30.435㎚). Regarding hair composition under the EDS, Clove extract post-treatment group was the highest with 09.50% interms of sulfur content. The results confirmed that Clove extract treatment is extremely effective in easing hair damage which is caused by consecutive dyeing after permanent. In fact, the use of Clove extract for post-processing is the simplest away to minimize hair damage. Therefore, the Clove extract treatment would be effective in preventing hair damage and keeping hair healthy and glossy.

Acute phase protein mRNA expressions and enhancement of antioxidant defense system in Black-meated Silkie Fowls supplemented with clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) extracts under the influence of chronic heat stress

( Alhassan Usman Bello ),( Jelilat Aderonke Sulaiman ),( Madagu Samaila Aliyu ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2016 한국축산학회지 Vol.58 No.11

Background: The current study investigates the anti-stress effects of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) extracts (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) on serum antioxidant biomarkers, immune response, immunological organ growth index, and expression levels of acute phase proteins (APPs); ovotransferrin (OVT), ceruloplasmin (CP), ceruloplasmin (AGP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid-A (SAA) mRNA in the immunological organs of 63-d-old male black-meated Silkie fowls subjected to 21 d chronic heat stress at 35 ± 2 °C. Results: The results demonstrated that clove extract supplementation in the diet of Silkie fowls subjected to elevated temperature (ET) improve growth performance, immune responses, and suppressed the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD); reduced serum malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations when compared with fowls raised under thermoneutral condition (TC). Upon chronic heat stress and supplementation of clove extracts, the Silkie fowls showed a linear increase in GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, and TXNRD activities (P = 0.01) compared with fowls fed diets without clove extract. ET decreased (P < 0.05) the growth index of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. However, the growth index of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus increased significantly (P < 0.05) which corresponded to an increase in clove supplemented levels. The expression of OVT, CP, AGP, CRP, and SAA mRNA in the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus were elevated (P < 0.01) by ET compared with those maintained at TC. Nevertheless, clove mitigates heat stress-induced overexpression of OVT, CP, AGP, CRP and SAA mRNA in the immune organs of fowls fed 400 mg clove/kg compared to other groups. Conclusions: The results showed that clove extracts supplementation decreased oxidative stress in the heat-stressed black-meated fowls by alleviating negative effects of heat stress via improvement in growth performance, antioxidant defense mechanisms, immunity, and regulate the expression of acute phase genes in the liver and immunological organs.

기체크로마토그래피에 의한 정향의 품질관리

강지연,정영희,김영호,배기환,강종성 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2004 藥學論文集 Vol.19 No.-

Clove (Caryophilli Flos), dried flower-buds of Eugenia caryophyllata, commonly distributed in China. has been used in traditional oriental medicine as vermifuge, antibacterial agent and to treat toothache. The quality evaluation of clove was carried out by means of gas chromatography (GC) using eugenol as marker. GC/MS analysis provided the identification of eugenol separated from the extract of clove. Adequate separation of eugeno1 from commercial clove samples was achieved with a fused-silica 100% dimethylpolysiloxane capillary column (SPB-1. 30 m x 0.53 mm. 0.5 μm film thickness) and operated with temperature programming from 140 ℃ held 1 min. increased at 30 ℃/min to 290 ℃ held 2 min and the carrier gas flow-rate (nitrogen) was 4.3 ml/min on flame ionization detector The method showed a good within-day (35%) and between-day (9.5%) precision according to the acceptance criteria. The concentration of eugenol in the commercial clove samples was ranged from 1.3% to 19.7% and the lowest concentration of eugenol determined for the quality evaluation of commercial clove was 27%. This procedure was successfully applied to the monitering of eugenol in colve.

남부지역에서 남도마늘 대주아 재배가 마늘 수량과 종구생산에 미치는 영향

남상식,최인후,방진기,강경희 한국국제농업개발학회 2008 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate for bulb yield and seed clove production using large bulbils of the garlic 'Namdo' cultivar in Southern regions from September 2005 to June 2007. Planting dates were planted on 5, 15 and 25 September and bulbil weights were 0.8, 1.0, over 1.1 g, and over 1.5 g. Those were planted on the polyethylene film-mulched plots at a planting density of 18×11cm. In the planting dates trials, plant height, leaf sheath length and leaf sheath diameter of garlic in field were a few different and the rate of secondary growth of cloves in 2007 was 3.3~4.7% among the planting dates. The percentage of large bulb diameter(over Ø 4.5cm) was 61.4, 57.6, and 45.5%, respectively. Bulb weight and yield of garlic increased at early planting dates as 34.2, 33.0, 32.3 g and, 1,246, 1,213, and 1,156 kg/10a, respectively. But those were not significant among the planting dates. In the trial bulbil weights with 0.8, 1.0, over 1.1 g and over 1.5 g, the larger bulbils, the better growth of garlic plants. The distribution rate of large bulb diameter different bulbil weights were 42.3, 46.3, 54.4% and 62.9%, respectively. Bulb weight and yield of garlic increased to larger bulbils as 28.3, 30.2, 32.8 and 34.1g and 1,046, 1,116, 1,214, and 1,269 kg/10a, respectively. But the garlic yield of clove was 1,440 kg/10a. Number of seed cloves of over 3 g were 206, 216, 239, and 245 cloves/m2, respectively. Thus, it is possible that the marketable garlic and seed clove production with large bulbils over 1.1 g cultivation.

Skin-whitening and Anti-wrinkle Effects of Water Extract of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)

Eun Min SHIN,Ju Yeon KIM,Si Eun PARK,Sung Eum OH,Min Sung KIM,Chang-Joon KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

The cloves are herbs with a refreshing and sweet scent. They include high amount of antioxidants such as polyphenols and are often used as tea ingredients, spices, and herbal medicines. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possibility of using cloves as a functional cosmetic material. Extract was obtained from dried flower buds of clove by heating clove-distilled water mixture (200 g/L) at 60℃ for 2 hours and then removing suspended solids by filtration. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the extract were measured. The antioxidant capacity of extract was measured by DPPH and ABTS assay. The whitening potency of extract was determined by measuring tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To evaluate the anti-wrinkle ability, the inhibitory activities of collagenase and elastase were measured. The DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities were 73.9% at 9.7 g/L of extract and 100% at 0.1 g/L of extract, respectively. Tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 56.3% at 19.4 g/L of extract. In the presence of extract, collagenase and elastase activities were decreased by 88.2% at 19.4 g/L and 80.0% at 4.9 g/L, respectively. The result clearly shows that extracts have high antioxidant activity at a relatively low concentration, moderate whitening activity, and marked anti-wrinkle activity. The result demonstrates that water extract of clove can be used as a potential material for functional cosmetics.

Effects of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl Anesthesia on Water Parameter during Simulated Transportation in the Marine Medaka, Oryzias dancena

박인석,길현우,이태호,남윤권,임상구,김동수 한국발생생물학회 2017 발생과 생식 Vol.21 No.1

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the NH4 + and CO2 concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, NH4 +, and CO2 concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, NH4 +, and CO2 concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.

Effects of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl Anesthesia on Water Parameter during Simulated Transportation in the Marine Medaka, Oryzias dancena

Park, In-Seok,Gil, Hyun Woo,Lee, Tae Ho,Nam, Yoon Kwon,Lim, Sang Gu,Kim, Dong Soo The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2017 발생과 생식 Vol.21 No.1

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the $NH_4{^+}$ and $CO_2$ concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.

Effects of Clove Oil and Lidocaine-HCl Anesthesia on Water Parameter during Simulated Transportation in the Marine Medaka, Oryzias dancena

In-Seok Park,Hyun Woo Gil,Tae Ho Lee,Yoon Kwon Nam,Sang Gu Lim,Dong Soo Kim 한국발생생물학회 2017 발생과 생식 Vol.21 No.1

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the NH4 + and CO2 concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, NH4 +, and CO2 concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, NH4 +, and CO2 concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.