만성 치주염 환자의 치은 조직에서 RANK 및 RANKL의 발현

백영란,이재목,Baek, Young-Ran,Lee, Jae-Mok 대한치주과학회 2007 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.37 No.4

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expressions of RANK and RANKL in the gingival tissues of non-periodontitis patient and patients with chronic periodontitis, in order to understand the contribution of these proteins to periodontal destruction. Material and methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from non-periodontitis patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of RANK and RANKL were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by Student's t-Test. Results: The expression of RANK were similar in group 1 and 2. The difference between group 1 and 2 was not statistically significant. And the mean amount of RANKL was more increased in group 2 than group 1. The difference between group 1 and group 2 was statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression level RANK didn't show any significant difference between healthy tissue from non-periodontitis patients and inflamed tissue from chronic periodontitis, but the expression level of RANKL in inflammed tissue from chronic periodontitis showed significantly increased tendency compared to healthy gingiva from non-periodontitis patients. Therefore, characteristics of RANK and RANKL in progress of chronic periodontitis would be basis of further studies in diagnostic method and treatment index of the disease.

Determination of levels of nitric oxide in smoker and nonsmoker patients with chronic periodontitis

Deepti Wadhwa,Afshan Bey,Mukesh Hasija,Shagufta Moin,Arun Kumar,Shazia Aman,Vivek Kumar Sharma 대한치주과학회 2013 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.43 No.5

Purpose: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in periodontal diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases may be affected by alterations of the inflammatory response by smoke. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous, colorless, highly reactive, shortlived free radical with a pivotal role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological mechanisms in the body. It is important in host defense and homeostasis, on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it modulates the inflammatory response in periodontitis, leading to harmful effects. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of NO in both the serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers having chronic periodontitis and to compare them with periodontally healthy controls. Methods: Sixty subjects participated in the study and were divided into three groups: group I, healthy nonsmoking subjects;group II, nonsmoking patients with chronic periodontitis; group III, smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. Each group consisted of twenty subjects. The biochemical estimation of NO in the collected serum and in the saliva was performed using the Griess colorimetric reaction. Results: The results showed that the mean value of the salivary and serum NO was greater in group II than in group I, and also greater in group III than in group II. Conclusions: NO appears to play an important and rather complex role in the immuno-inflammatory process and in the remodeling and maintenance of osseous structures. It is therefore logical that modulation of this mediator has potential for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease. Purpose: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in periodontal diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases may be affected by alterations of the inflammatory response by smoke. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous, colorless, highly reactive, shortlived free radical with a pivotal role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological mechanisms in the body. It is important in host defense and homeostasis, on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it modulates the inflammatory response in periodontitis, leading to harmful effects. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of NO in both the serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers having chronic periodontitis and to compare them with periodontally healthy controls. Methods: Sixty subjects participated in the study and were divided into three groups: group I, healthy nonsmoking subjects;group II, nonsmoking patients with chronic periodontitis; group III, smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. Each group consisted of twenty subjects. The biochemical estimation of NO in the collected serum and in the saliva was performed using the Griess colorimetric reaction. Results: The results showed that the mean value of the salivary and serum NO was greater in group II than in group I, and also greater in group III than in group II. Conclusions: NO appears to play an important and rather complex role in the immuno-inflammatory process and in the remodeling and maintenance of osseous structures. It is therefore logical that modulation of this mediator has potential for the treatment of a number of inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease.

Profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese

Henri Michel Benoist,Adam Seck-Diallo,Abdoulaye Diouf,Salama Yabbre,Malick Sembene,Papa Demba Diallo 대한치주과학회 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.6

Purpose: To describe the profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese (West Africans) attending the Institute of Dentistry of Dakar. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with an inclusion period running from 2001 to 2008. The sample included 413chronic periodontitis and 151 aggressive periodontitis cases, among them 299 males and 265 females selected from 2,274 records. A Student’s independent t-test or Pearson chi-squared test was used for data analysis. Results: The proportion of females with aggressive periodontitis was significantly higher than those with chronic periodontitis (64.9% vs. 40.4%, P<0.001). The aggressive periodontitis patients had an average age of 28.1±8.9 years, and had lost less than 3 teeth. Less than a third of them reported using a toothbrush. Attachment loss was as high as 8 mm and severe lesions had spread to an average of 12 teeth with maximum alveolar bone loss up to 80%. The chronic periodontitis patients had an average age of 44.9±14.0 and had lost on average less than 3 teeth. Nearly 75% used a toothbrush. Attachment loss was significantly higher and lesions were more extensive in the aggressive periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is associated with risk factors such as smoking or diabetes mellitus in 12.8% versus 0.7% in aggressive periodontitis (P<0.001). Differences between the two groups for most clinical and radiographic parameters were statistically significant. Conclusions: The profile of aggressive periodontist is characterized by more severe lesions than chronic periodontitis, whereas tooth loss experience is similar in both forms.

Profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese

Benoist, Henri Michel,Seck-Diallo, Adam,Diouf, Abdoulaye,Yabbre, Salama,Sembene, Malick,Diallo, Papa Demba Korean Academy of Periodontology 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.6

Purpose: To describe the profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese (West Africans) attending the Institute of Dentistry of Dakar. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with an inclusion period running from 2001 to 2008. The sample included 413 chronic periodontitis and 151 aggressive periodontitis cases, among them 299 males and 265 females selected from 2,274 records. A Student's independent t-test or Pearson chi-squared test was used for data analysis. Results: The proportion of females with aggressive periodontitis was significantly higher than those with chronic periodontitis (64.9% vs. 40.4%, P<0.001). The aggressive periodontitis patients had an average age of $28.1{\pm}8.9$ years, and had lost less than 3 teeth. Less than a third of them reported using a toothbrush. Attachment loss was as high as 8 mm and severe lesions had spread to an average of 12 teeth with maximum alveolar bone loss up to 80%. The chronic periodontitis patients had an average age of $44.9{\pm}14.0$ and had lost on average less than 3 teeth. Nearly 75% used a toothbrush. Attachment loss was significantly higher and lesions were more extensive in the aggressive periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is associated with risk factors such as smoking or diabetes mellitus in 12.8% versus 0.7% in aggressive periodontitis (P<0.001). Differences between the two groups for most clinical and radiographic parameters were statistically significant. Conclusions: The profile of aggressive periodontist is characterized by more severe lesions than chronic periodontitis, whereas tooth loss experience is similar in both forms.

The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Expression of Stromelysins and Membrane type Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Chronic Periodontitis

Sang-Ho Ryu(류상호),Jae-Mok Lee(이재목) 대한치과재료학회 2014 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.41 No.4

The purposes of this study were to observe influence of diabetes mellitus(DM) on the expression of MMP?3 of stromelysin type and MMP?14 of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 DM and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Gingival samples were devided into three groups. Group 1 is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding, bone resorption or periodontal pockets. Group 2 is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3 is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Tissue samples were analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of MMP?3 and MMP?14 were performed using a densitometer. MMP?3 and MMP?14 expressions were similar in group 1 and 2. While expression of MMP-14 increases in proportion to MMP-3 expression, expression of both type of MMP showed increasing tendency in chronic periodontitis associated to type 2 DM and mean amount of it was more increased in group 3 comparing to other group with statistically significant difference. In conclusion, MMP?3 and MMP?14 expression levels were similar in healthy and inflamed gingival tissue from systemically healthy patients. And tissue with chronic periodontitis associated to type 2 DM showed significantly increased MMP?3 and MMP?14 levels compared to healthy and non?diabetic inflamed gingiva. Also, MMP?3 may be related to MMP?14 activity in chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Therefore, the expression levels of MMP?3 and MMP?14 will be inflammatory markers of periodontal inflammed tissue with type 2 DM.

한국인 만성 치주염 환자에서 치주질환 원인균의 동정

윤정호,박정은,김두일,이승일,최성호,조규성,이대실,Yun, Jeong-Ho,Park, Jung-Eun,Kim, Doo-Il,Lee, Syng-Ill,Choi, Seong-Ho,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Lee, Dae-Sil 대한치주과학회 2008 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.38 No.2

Purpose: Specific bacteria are believed to play an important role in chronic periodontitis. Although extensive microbial analyses have been performed from subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients, systemic analysis of subingival microbiota has not been carried out in a Korean population so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of 29 putative periodontal pathogens in Korean chronic periodontitis patients and evaluate which pathogens are more associated with Korean chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: A total of 86 subgingival plaque samples were taken from 15 chronic periodontits(CP) patients and 13 periodontally healthy subjects in Korea. CP samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket (>3 mm probing depth[PD]) and the most shallow periodontal probing site ($\leq$3 mm PD) in anterior tooth and posterior tooth, respectively, of each patient. Samples in healthy subjects were obtained from 1 anterior tooth and 1 posterior tooth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of subgingival plaque bacteria was performed. Detection frequencies(% prevalence) of 29 putative periodontal pathogens were investigated as bacterium-positive sites/total sites. Results: With the exception of Olsenella profuse and Prevotella nigrescens, the sites of diseased patients generally showed higher prevalence than the healthy sites of healthy subjects for all bacteria analyzed. Tanerella forsythensis (B.forsythus), Campylobacter rectus, Filifactor alocis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in more than 80% of sites with deep probing depths in CP patients. In comparison between the sites (deep or shallow PD) of CP patients and the healthy sites of healthy subjects, there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05) of prevalence in T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, Dialister invisus, F.alocis, P.gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the four putative periodontal pathogens, T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, P.gingivalis and F.alocis are closely related with CP patients in the Korean population.

The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Expression of Stromelysins and Membrane type Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Chronic Periodontitis

류상호,이재목 대한치과재료학회 2014 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.41 No.4

The purposes of this study were to observe influence of diabetes mellitus(DM) on the expression of MMP‐3 of stromelysin type and MMP‐14 of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 DM and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Gingival samples were devided into three groups. Group 1 is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding, bone resorption or periodontal pockets. Group 2 is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3 is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Tissue samples were analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of MMP‐3 and MMP‐14 were performed using a densitometer. MMP‐3 and MMP‐14 expressions were similar in group 1 and 2. While expression of MMP-14 increases in proportion to MMP-3 expression, expression of both type of MMP showed increasing tendency in chronic periodontitis associated to type 2 DM and mean amount of it was more increased in group 3 comparing to other group with statistically significant difference. In conclusion, MMP‐3 and MMP‐14 expression levels were similar in healthy and inflamed gingival tissue from systemically healthy patients. And tissue with chronic periodontitis associated to type 2 DM showed significantly increased MMP‐3 and MMP‐14 levels compared to healthy and non‐diabetic inflamed gingiva. Also, MMP‐3 may be related to MMP‐14 activity in chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 DM. Therefore, the expression levels of MMP‐3 and MMP‐14 will be inflammatory markers of periodontal inflammed tissue with type 2 DM.

Evaluation of superoxide dismutase 3, heme-oxygenase, and myeloperoxidase expression levels associated with oxidative stress in chronic periodontitis

( Yong Yoon ),( Hyerin Kim ),( Jae Mok Lee ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2021 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.45 No.3

This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), heme-oxygenase (HO), and myeloperoxidase (MPOs), which are known to be associated with oxidative stress induction in chronic inflammatory conditions like periodontitis. We compared the expression levels of SOD3, HO, and MPO in the periodontal tissues of healthy individuals with those in the periodontal tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. The expression levels of SOD3, HO, and MPO were determined by Western blot technique, and the data were statistically analyzed. The expression levels of SOD3 and HO increased in periodontitis patients compared with those in healthy controls, and the degree of increase was dependent on the severity of periodontitis (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression level of MPO was lower in the periodontal tissues of healthy controls than that in the periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients (p<0.05). SOD and HO are involved in oxidative stress via antioxidative activity, and MPO is involved in oxidative stress via peroxidative activity. Hence, these findings suggest that antioxidative activity depends on the severity of inflammation. In conclusion, SOD3, HO, and MPO may play a role in oxidative stress-induced periodontitis, and these three factors may be related to the severity of inflammation. These factors are expected to be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis through more comprehensive studies.

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and smoking status on hematological variables related to anemia of chronic disease in chronic periodontitis patient: a case-control study

Sangita Show,Somen Bagchi,Arka Kanti Dey,Ramanarayana Boyapati,Pritish Chandra Pal,Kanikanti Siva Tejaswi 영남대학교 의과대학 2022 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.39 No.3

Background: Chronic infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic disorders are associated with anemia of chronic disease. Chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis may contribute to masked anemia, especially in smokers. This study was aimed at verifying and comparing the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for improving anemia among chronic periodontitis patients with and without the habit of smoking. Methods: Thirty systemically healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups of 15 each, smokers (group A) and nonsmokers (group B). The groups were compared based on hematological parameters such as serum erythropoietin (SE) and serum ferritin (SF) levels at baseline and 3 months after NSPT for anemia evaluation. Results: The baseline SE levels in groups A and B were 11.84 and 15.19 mIU/mL (p=0.031), respectively; the corresponding levels at 3 months after NSPT were 13.00 and 17.74 mIU/mL (p=0.022). The baseline SF levels in groups A and B were 95.49 and 44.86 ng/mL (p=0.018), respectively; the corresponding levels at 3 months after NSPT were 77.06 and 39.05 ng/mL (p=0.009). Group B showed a significant increase and decrease in the SE and SF levels, respectively, at 3 months after NSPT (p=0.035 and p=0.039, respectively), whereas group A showed insignificant changes (p=0.253 and p=0.618, respectively). Conclusion: NSPT led to an improvement in anemia among chronic periodontitis patients. However, the improvement is less in smokers compared to that in nonsmokers. Furthermore, SF and SE levels might serve as effective biomarkers for assessing anemia in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis.

Original Article : The Relationship between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Chronic Periodontitis

( Jun Young Song ),( Hyung Hun Kim ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Tae Yun Kim ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.1

Background/Aims: The most common cause of chronic periodontitis is poor oral hygiene. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) enhances the proximal migration of gastric contents and may cause poor oral hygiene. We hypothesized that GERD may increase thse risk of chronic periodontitis and investigated this potential relationship. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients between January 1, 2010, and April 30, 2012. GERD was defined as being present based on at least two of the following criteria: etiologic agent(s), identifiable signs and symptoms, and consistent anatomic alterations. A total of 280 patients with chronic periodontitis and 280 controls were analyzed. Information regarding patient demographics and other potential confounding factors for chronic periodontitis were collected through individual medical records. Results: GERD was revealed to be independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic periodontitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.883, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.775 to 4.682). The other three variables of dental caries (OR, 1.531, 95% CI, 1.042 to 2.249), tobacco use (OR, 2.335, 95% CI, 1.461 to 3.730), and history of medication (calcium channel blocker, cyclosporine, or phenytoin) (OR, 2.114, 95% CI, 1.160 to 3.854) were also determined to be independent risk factors. Conclusions: The present study supported our hypothesis that GERD can be a risk factor for chronic periodontitis. (Gut Liver 2014,8:35-40)