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17세기 전반 趙克善의 賣買기록과 用錢경험-조극선의 『인재일록』과 『야곡일록』 분석-
정수환 조선시대사학회 2017 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.- No.80
The aim of this essay is to explore personal financial practices in the middle of the Choson dynasty, as not much is known about the economics of this era. The main text that is discussed is the diary of Cho GukSeon (1595~1658), a distinguished Confucian scholar and officer, which was written between 1609 and 1635. The diary covers his daily life and contains details about his economic experiences. Cho GukSeon chose his words carefully when recording his activities in his diary. In particular, when it came to personal economics, he distinguished between gift exchanges and financial transactions. For instance, he used different verbs for exchanging gifts with different groups of people; the words could be adapted to apply to superiors, equals, or inferiors. Also, Cho GukSeon differentiated buying and selling from trading. Details of economic activity found in the diary, whether personal or market-related, explain how economic life had changed in comparison to that of the sixteenth century (especially before the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592); personal financial dealings and exchanges were common even prior to the sixteenth century in Choson. The Choson government’s monetary policy affected Cho GukSeon’s economic activities. He received his officer’s salary in the form of coins made from copper or tin and purchased food in shops in accordance with governmental monetary policy. The coins did not reach the position of common currency, however, so Cho GukSeon eventually had to sell his clothes and crops to obtain his daily necessities. This indicates that governmental policy merely impacted personal economic activity, which led to policy failure until the end of the seventeenth century. Cho GukSeon experienced varying economic circumstances such as the diversification of currency types and changes in the customs of gift giving, and he recorded these phenomena in his diary with carefully chosen words. 이글은 조선후기, 특히 17세기 전반의 개인 경제생활 실태에 대한 분석이 목적이다. 대상 자료는 조극선(1595~1658)이 17세기 전반기(1609~1635) 동안 기록한 일기(『인재일록』과 『야곡일록』)이다. 연구는 일기에 남겨진 매매 기록의 특징과 이 시기 단행된 국가의 전문유통 정책이 개인 생활에 끼친 영향에 대한 추적 방향으로 진행했다. 조극선은 일기 기술에 있어, 특히 경제생활과 관련해서는 선물의 수수와 매매 및 거래에 대한 단어 선택에 신중했다. ‘매매’의 경우는 ‘賣’와 ‘買’로 표기하면서 여타 경제행위와 구분했다. 이에 따라 그의 일기 중 ‘매매’와 관련한 기술을 추출하여 분석했다. 그 결과 조극선은 교환, 선물과 차별화된 행위로서 ‘매매’를 규정하였으며, 매매를 통해 ‘利害’와 관련한 ‘人慾’을 표출했다. 행전책은 국가와 개인의 이익에 대한 추구를 전제로 인조조에 제도변화 차원에서 실시되었다. 1633년(인조 11) ‘조선통보’의 유통을 계기로 조극선은 한양에서 녹봉의 일부를 전문으로 받아 이를 매매에 이용했다. 그러나 이러한 用錢 사례는 국가의 행전정책에 대한 수동적 대응에 불과했으며, 기존의 곡물과 포목을 이용한 매매가 여전히 일반적이었다. 이로 인해 화폐제도의 변화 정책이 수용되어 성공하기에는 한계가 있었던 것으로 분석된다. 이 논문은 개인 경제생활의 양상에 대한 연구 중 공백기로 남아 있던 17세기 전반의 실태를 분석하였으며, 行錢의 성패가 개인과 사회의 새로운 제도에 대한 합의 여부에 있음을 확인했다는데 의의가 있다.
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17세기 전반 조극선(趙克善)의 매매(賣買)기록과 용전(用錢)경험-조극선의 『인재일록』과 『야곡일록』 분석-
정수환 ( Jung Su-hwan ) 조선시대사학회 2017 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.80 No.0
The aim of this essay is to explore personal financial practices in the middle of the Choson dynasty, as not much is known about the economics of this era. The main text that is discussed is the diary of Cho GukSeon (1595~1658), a distinguished Confucian scholar and officer, which was written between 1609 and 1635. The diary covers his daily life and contains details about his economic experiences. Cho GukSeon chose his words carefully when recording his activities in his diary. In particular, when it came to personal economics, he distinguished between gift exchanges and financial transactions. For instance, he used different verbs for exchanging gifts with different groups of people; the words could be adapted to apply to superiors, equals, or inferiors. Also, Cho GukSeon differentiated buying and selling from trading. Details of economic activity found in the diary, whether personal or market-related, explain how economic life had changed in comparison to that of the sixteenth century (especially before the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592); personal financial dealings and exchanges were common even prior to the sixteenth century in Choson. The Choson government’s monetary policy affected Cho GukSeon’s economic activities. He received his officer’s salary in the form of coins made from copper or tin and purchased food in shops in accordance with governmental monetary policy. The coins did not reach the position of common currency, however, so Cho GukSeon eventually had to sell his clothes and crops to obtain his daily necessities. This indicates that governmental policy merely impacted personal economic activity, which led to policy failure until the end of the seventeenth century. Cho GukSeon experienced varying economic circumstances such as the diversification of currency types and changes in the customs of gift giving, and he recorded these phenomena in his diary with carefully chosen words.
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