Chlorhexidine digluconate가 세균외막과 인공세포막의 회전운동에 미치는 비대칭적 영향

김태영,차성권,엄승일,배문경,배수경,주지민,윤일희,김다솔,장혜옥 대한구강악안면병리학회 2021 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.45 No.3

Chlorhexidine is a cationic bisbiguanide with broad antibacterial activity, and diverse activity encompassing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, dermatophytes, and some lipophilic viruses. Chlorhexidine alters the permeability of the bacterial membrane. They also neutralize periodontal pathogens such as Streptococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. Porphyromonas gingivalis were cultured to isolate the Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membranes (OPG). Also, OPG were used to prepare large unilamellar liposomes with total lipids (OPGTL) extracted and prepared with the phospholipids mixture (PL). The effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on cell membrane kinetic changes was investigated using fluorescence polarization of n-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid with different rotational mobility depending on the probe substitution position (n) in the membrane phospholipid aliphatic chain. Chlorhexidine digluconate increased the hydrocarbon rotational mobility interior of the OPG, OPGTL and PL, but native and model membranes interfacial mobility were decreased. The sensitivity to increasing chlorhexidine digluconate effect on rotational mobility was proportional to the depth of probe position in descending order of 16-AP, 12-AS, 6-AS and 9-AS. Chlorhexidine digluconate disordering or ordering the effects on the membrane lipids may cause its bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal actions.

Effects of Chlorhexidine digluconate on Rotational Rate of n-(9-Anthroyloxy)stearic acid in Model Membranes of Total Lipids Extracted from Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membranes

Jang, Hye-Ock,Kim, Dong-Won,Kim, Byeong-Ill,Sim, Hong-Gu,Lee, Young-Ho,Lee, Jong-Hwa,Bae, Jung-Ha,Bae, Moon-Kyoung,Kwon, Tae-Hyuk,Yun, Il The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of chlorhexidine digluconate. Large unilamellar vesicles (OPGTL) were prepared with total lipids extracted from cultured Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membranes (OPG). The anthroyloxy probes were located at a graded series of depths inside a membrane, depending on its substitution position (n) in the aliphatic chain. Fluorescence polarization of n-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid was used to examine effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on differential rotational mobility, while changing the probes' substitution position (n) in the membrane phospholipids aliphatic chain. Magnitude of the rotational mobility of the intact six membrane components differed depending on the substitution position in the descending order of 16-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid (16-AP), 12, 9, 6, 3 and 2-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (12-AS, 9-AS, 6-AS, 3-AS and 2-AS). Chlorhexidine digluconate increased in a dose-dependent manner the rate of rotational mobility of hydrocarbon interior of the OPGTL prepared with total lipids extracted from cultured OPG, but decreased the mobility of membrane interface of the OPGTL. Disordering or ordering effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on membrane lipids may be responsible for some, but not all of its bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions.

Effects of Chlorhexidine digluconate on Rotational Rate of n-(9-Anthroyloxy)stearic acid in Model Membranes of Total Lipids Extracted from Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membranes

Hye-Ock Jang,Dong-Won Kim,Byeong-Ill Kim,Hong-Gu Sim,Young-Ho Lee,Jong-Hwa Lee,Jung-Ha Bae,Moon-Kyoung Bae,Tae-Hyuk Kwon,Il Yun 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of pharmacological action of chlorhexidine digluconate. Large unilamellar vesicles (OPGTL) were prepared with total lipids extracted from cultured Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membranes (OPG). The anthroyloxy probes were located at a graded series of depths inside a membrane, depending on its substitution position (n) in the aliphatic chain. Fluorescence polarization of n-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid was used to examine effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on differential rotational mobility, while changing the probes substitution position (n) in the membrane phospholipids aliphatic chain. Magnitude of the rotational mobility of the intact six membrane components differed depending on the substitution position in the descending order of 16-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid (16-AP), 12, 9, 6, 3 and 2-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (12-AS, 9-AS, 6-AS, 3-AS and 2-AS). Chlorhexidine digluconate increased in a dose-dependent manner the rate of rotational mobility of hydrocarbon interior of the OPGTL prepared with total lipids extracted from cultured OPG, but decreased the mobility of membrane interface of the OPGTL. Disordering or ordering effects of chlorhexidine digluconate on membrane lipids may be responsible for some, but not all of its bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions.

Evaluation of cytotoxic synergism of linalool and chlorhexidine digluconate

Hee Je Choi(최희제),Ga Eun Kim(김가은),Ji Hyeon Yu(유지현),Ha Ryong Kim(김하룡) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

Biocides are used to kill germs, bacteria and pests that harm humans, agricultural products and animal. However, it poses a risk to human health or environment. Synergistic interaction is important because of a larger toxic effect than predicted. The aim of this study was evaluate the synergism of linalool and chlorhexidine digluconate. The WST-1 and LDH assays were performed for evaluating the cytotoxic synergism in A549 cell lines. Toxic Unit 1 was determined based on IC50 of two kinds of biocide. Two models including concentration addition and independent action were employed for the comparison of the predicted and observed viability of cells. If the mixture has model derivation ratio (MDR) value with > 2, it was defined synergistic. In order to assume the synergistic mechanism, GEO database derived from two kinds of biocide was analyzed by R statistical bioconductor software. After the normalization, differentially expressed gene was found and multiple testing correction were performed. The MDR in binary mixture was 2.2. The mean of Loewe synergy score was 10.62. GADD45 alpha and GADD45 gamma were mapped in the cell signal transduction pathway associated with cytotoxic synergism. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the mixture of linalool and chlorhexidine digluconate have a potential of cytotoxic synergism.

Evaluation of penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate into root dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope

Sekar Vadhana,Jothi Latha,Natanasabapathy Velmurugan 대한치과보존학회 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.2

Objectives: This study evaluated the penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) into root dentinal tubules and the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Materials and Methods: Twenty freshly extracted anterior teeth were decoronated and instrumented using Mtwo rotary files up to size 40, 4% taper. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10), that is, conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) and PUI. CHX was mixed with Rhodamine B dye and was used as the final irrigant. The teeth were sectioned at coronal, middle and apical levels and viewed under CLSM to record the penetration depth of CHX. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean penetration depths of 2% CHX in coronal, middle and apical thirds were 138 μm, 80 μm and 44 μm in CSI group, respectively, whereas the mean penetration depths were 209 μm, 138 μm and 72 μm respectively in PUI group. Statistically significant difference was present between CSI group and PUI group at all three levels (p < 0.01 for coronal third and p < 0.001 for middle and apical thirds). On intragroup analysis, both groups showed statistically significant difference among three levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Penetration depth of 2% CHX into root dentinal tubules is deeper in coronal third when compared to middle and apical third. PUI aided in deeper penetration of 2% CHX into dentinal tubules when compared to conventional syringe irrigation at all three levels.

Evaluation of penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate into root dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope

Vadhana, Sekar,Latha, Jothi,Velmurugan, Natanasabapathy The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2015 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.40 No.2

Objectives: This study evaluated the penetration depth of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) into root dentinal tubules and the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Materials and Methods: Twenty freshly extracted anterior teeth were decoronated and instrumented using Mtwo rotary files up to size 40, 4% taper. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10), that is, conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) and PUI. CHX was mixed with Rhodamine B dye and was used as the final irrigant. The teeth were sectioned at coronal, middle and apical levels and viewed under CLSM to record the penetration depth of CHX. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean penetration depths of 2% CHX in coronal, middle and apical thirds were $138{\mu}m$, $80{\mu}m$ and $44{\mu}m$ in CSI group, respectively, whereas the mean penetration depths were $209{\mu}m$, $138{\mu}m$ and $72{\mu}m$ respectively in PUI group. Statistically significant difference was present between CSI group and PUI group at all three levels (p < 0.01 for coronal third and p < 0.001 for middle and apical thirds). On intragroup analysis, both groups showed statistically significant difference among three levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Penetration depth of 2% CHX into root dentinal tubules is deeper in coronal third when compared to middle and apical third. PUI aided in deeper penetration of 2% CHX into dentinal tubules when compared to conventional syringe irrigation at all three levels.

Adsorption of chlorhexidine digluconate on acid modified flyash : Kinetics, isotherms and influencing factors

Astha Singh,Sonalika Sonal,Rohit Kumar,Brijesh Kumar Mishra 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.2

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) in the aquatic environment causes irreversible change to microbes, making them resistant to biodegradation, which needs remediation other than biological process. Adsorption study was performed for the removal of CHD on fly ash (FA) as a function of pH and ionic strength. Experimental result has been validated by characterization using Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. CHD adsorption with FA showed an increasing trend with an increase in pH. Variation in pH proved to be an influential parameter for the surface charge of adsorbent and the degree of ionization of the CHD molecules. The adsorption capacity of CHD decreased from 23.60 mg g-1 to 1.13 mg g-1, when ionic strength increased from to M. The adsorption isotherms were simulated well by the Freundlich isotherm model having R2 = 0.98. The Lagergren’s model was incorporated to predict the system kinetics, while the mechanistic study was better explained by pseudo-second order for FA. On the basis of operational conditions and cost-effectiveness FA was found to be more economical as an adsorbent for the adsorption of CHD.