Complementary Dual-Path Charge Pump with High Pumping Efficiency in Standard CMOS Logic Technology

이정찬(Jung-Chan Lee),정연배(Yeonbae Chung) 大韓電子工學會 2009 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.46 No.12

전하펌프의 성능은 공급전압에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 표준 twin-well CMOS 로직 공정으로 제작 가능하며, 낮은 공급전압에서도 높은 효율을 갖는 새로운 전하펌프 회로를 제안하고 검증하였다. 제안한 전하펌프는 이중의 전하 전달 경로와 간단한 2-phase 클락을 사용한다. 한 주기의 펌핑 사이클 동안 각 펌핑 단에서 입력전압을 2배로 승압하며, 상보적으로 연결된 PMOS 트랜지스터를 전달 스위치로 사용하여 트랜지스터의 문턱전압에 의한 전압강하 없이 승압된 전압을 다음 승압 단으로 전달한다. 시뮬레이션과 측정을 통해 제안한 전하펌프를 검증하였으며, 동일한 공정조건에서 제작 가능한 기존 전하펌프들 보다 높은 출력전압과 큰 전류 구동능력 그리고 더 높은 전력효율을 가진다는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, we present a new charge pump circuit feasible for the implementation with standard twin-well CMOS process technology. The proposed charge pump employs PMOS-switching dual charge-transfer paths and a simple two-phase clock. Since charge transfer switches are fully turned on during each half of clock cycle, they transfer charges completely from the present stage to the next stage without suffering threshold voltage drop. During one clock cycle, the pump transfers charges twice through two pumping paths which are operating alternately. The performance comparison by simulations and measurements demonstrates that the proposed charge pump exhibits the higher output voltage, the larger output current and a better power efficiency over the traditional twin-well charge pumps.

Sensitized Emission of Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes Based on 4-Naphthalen-1-yl-Benzoic Acid Derivatives by a Charge-Transfer Process

Kim, Yong Hee,Baek, Nam Seob,Kim, Hwan Kyu WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 CHEMPHYSCHEM -WEINHEIM- Vol.7 No.1

<P>The photophysical properties of 4-naphthalen-1-yl-benzoic acid ligands and their Eu<SUP>III</SUP>-cored complexes were systematically investigated to elucidate the effective energy-transfer pathway in luminescent lanthanide complexes. A series of 4-naphthalen-1-yl-benzoic acid ligands, such as 4-naphthalen-1-yl-benzoic acid (NA-1), 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-benzoic acid (NA-2), and 4-{4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-naphthalen-1-yl]-benzyloxy}-benzoic acid (NA-3), were synthesized and utilized for the synthesis of their Eu<SUP>III</SUP>-cored complexes, corresponding to NAC-1, NAC-2, and NAC-3. The fluorescence spectra of NA-1 and NA-2 show large Stokes shifts with increasing solvent polarity. These large Stokes shifts might be dominantly due to the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) complex in the excited state. Also, the intensive luminescence of the Eu<SUP>III</SUP> ions by the photoexcitation of the ligand in NAC-1 and NAC-2 in polar solvents supports that the energy transfer from the ligand to the Eu<SUP>III</SUP> ion takes place efficiently. In the case of NA-3, which has a &n.bond;CH<SUB>2</SUB>OPh&n.bond; group that acts as a blocking group, there is no dependence of the fluorescence spectrum on the solvent nature and no luminescence of the Eu<SUP>III</SUP> ions by the photoexcitation of the ligand, indicating no formation of the ICT state. This can be due to the fact that the formation of the ICT state in NA-3 was prevented because the &n.bond;OCH<SUB>2</SUB>&n.bond; group acts as a blocking group by interrupting the π-conjugation between the benzoic acid and the naphthalene unit. From these photophysical studies, we suggest that the ICT state plays a very important role in the energy-transfer pathway from the ligand to the Eu<SUP>III</SUP> ion. To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sensitized emission of luminescent lanthanide complexes based on 4-naphthalen-1-yl-benzoic acid derivatives by the charge-transfer process.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Charge transfer: An intensive luminescence of Eu<SUP>III</SUP> ions by photoexcitation of the luminescent ligand in Eu<SUP>III</SUP>-chelated complexes is observed only in polar solvents whereas no emission is observed in nonpolar solvents. It has been demonstrated for the first time that the energy transfer from the ligand to the lanthanide ion takes place through the charge-transfer state of the ligands in the Eu<SUP>III</SUP>-chelated complexes (see scheme). <img src='wiley_img/14394235-2006-7-1-CPHC200500291-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14394235-2006-7-1-CPHC200500291-content'> </P>

사업양수도의 부가가치세 대리납부 규정에 관한 연구

선은정,임성종 한국경영교육학회 2014 경영교육연구 Vol.29 No.5

In South Korea, the value added tax(VAT) in imposed on the supply of goods and service. The value added tax(VAT) in imposed on the supply of goods and service. On the other hand, VAT is not charged on transfer of business and some other specific transactions. To be exempted transaction, transfer of business should be comprehensive business transfer and this factor is considered one of the most important factors that can decide the VAT exemption of business transfer. However, lots of court precedents are not consistent because there are various cases of business transfer. In this reason, taxpayers are in the state of confusion on the VAT exemption of business transfer. To reduce this working level confusion, National Tax Service(NTS) revised the code of the VAT exemption of business transfer this year and also create the code of VAT Reserve Charge when the transferer requires the VAT sales tax in the case of VAT exemption of business transfer. When the working level staff judge whether the VAT would be exempted or not, it is very important factor that other account receivables or other account payables are inclusive, and succession of employment is completed. In case the transferee can maintain the identity and continuity of business, the transaction should be interpreted as exemption of Value Added Tax determined. It requires that the legal standard of business transfer should be complemented more concretely. and that more detailed guidelines should be settled to taxpayers in order that their misjudgement and tax disputes can be minimized. 우리나라 부가가치세법상에 따르면, 부가가치세의 과세대상은 재화 또는 용역의 공급으로 규정하고 있다. 한편, 부가가치세법 시행령 제23조에 의하면 사업장별로 그 사업에 관한 모든 권리와 의무를 포괄적으로 승계시키는 사업양도는 과세되지 않는 재화의 공급에 해당한다. 이 중 사업양도의 경우에는 포괄양수도의 요건이 과세와 비과세 여부를 판정하는 가장 중요한 요인임에도 불구하고 현재까지의 행정해석과 판례 등은 유사한 상황임임에도 과세와 비과세 여부를 혼재하여 판정함으로 인해 납세자의 과세 순응에 심각한 저해요인이 되고 있으며 실무적으로 사업양수도시 부가가치세 납세의무가 있는지에 대한 혼동의 소지가 되고 있다. 이러한 집행상의 혼란을 방지하고자 2014년부터 대리납부제도가 신설되어 운영되고 있는 실정이다. 부가가치세법상 사업양도시에 미지급금과 미수금을 포함하는지 여부, 고용 승계여부 등이 과세와 비과세를 판단하는데 중요한 요인이 될 수 있다는 점을 실무자들이 유념해야 한다고 판단된다. 사업양도에 대한 부가가치세 과세여부의 판단은 경제적 실질을 바탕으로 사업의 동일성 및 계속성 등에 초점을 맞추어 보다 합리적인 방법으로 개선되어야 한다. 향후에도 계속적으로 사업양도에 대한 시행규칙 및 집행기준 등을 보완하여 납세자에게 보다 상세한 판단의 근거 및 지침을 제공하여 양도자와 양수자 모두에게 합리적인 부가가치세 사업양도 규정이 마련되어야 할 필요가 있다.

Understanding the Charge Transfer at the Interface of Electron Donors and Acceptors: TTF–TCNQ as an Example

Park, Changwon,Atalla, Viktor,Smith, Sean,Yoon, Mina American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.32

<P>Charge transfer between an electron donor and an electron acceptor is widely accepted as being independent of their relative configurations if the interaction between them is weak; however, the limit of this concept for an interacting system has not yet been well established. Our study of prototypical electron donor–acceptor molecules, tetrathiafulvalene–tetracyanoquinodimethane, using density functional theory based on an advanced functional, clearly demonstrates that for interacting molecules, their configurational arrangement is as important as their individual electronic properties in the asymptotic limit to determine the charge transfer direction. For the first time, we demonstrate that by changing their relative orientation, one can reverse the charge transfer direction of the pair, causing the molecules to exchange roles as donor and acceptor. Our theory has important implications for understanding the interfacial charge-transfer mechanism of hybrid systems and related phenomena.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2017/aamick.2017.9.issue-32/acsami.7b04148/production/images/medium/am-2017-04148e_0002.gif'></P>

Charge-Transfer and Energy-Transfer Processes in D-π-A and D-π-Si-π-A dyads: Detailed Investigation on the Excited state by π-Conjugation

김진형,조양진,김소연,조민지,조대원,한원식,강상욱,손호진 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Donor-π-acceptor dyads (D-π-A (1) and D-π-Si-π-A (2)) were prepared to elucidate the effect of π-conjugation on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes,. In these molecules, triazine and carbazole moieties acted as the electron acceptor and doner, respectively. The photoluminescence of 1 redshifted with increase of solvent polarity. In the excited state of 1, the π -conjugation acted as the linker for charge transfer (D^δ+-π-A^δ-) between the donor and acceptor moieties. The changing of a large dipole moment (Δμ=45.6 D) between the ground and excited states was determined using the Lippert-Mataga plot. In case of 2, the π-conjugation is disconnected by a Si-atom in the linker.

Complementary Dual-Path Charge Pump with High Pumping Efficiency in Standard CMOS Logic Technology

이정찬,정연배,Lee, Jung-Chan,Chung, Yeon-Bae The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2009 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.46 No.12

전하펌프의 성능은 공급전압에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 표준 twin-well CMOS 로직 공정으로 제작 가능하며, 낮은 공급전압에서도 높은 효율을 갖는 새로운 전하펌프 회로를 제안하고 검증하였다. 제안한 전하펌프는 이중의 전하 전달 경로와 간단한 2-phase 클락을 사용한다. 한 주기의 펌핑 사이클 동안 각 펌핑 단에서 입력전압을 2배로 승압하며, 상보적으로 연결된 PMOS 트랜지스터를 전달 스위치로 사용하여 트랜지스터의 문턱전압에 의한 전압강하 없이 승압된 전압을 다음 승압 단으로 전달한다. 시뮬레이션과 측정을 통해 제안한 전하펌프를 검증하였으며, 동일한 공정조건에서 제작 가능한 기존 전하펌프들 보다 높은 출력전압과 큰 전류 구동능력 그리고 더 높은 전력효율을 가진다는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, we present a new charge pump circuit feasible for the implementation with standard twin-well CMOS process technology. The proposed charge pump employs PMOS-switching dual charge-transfer paths and a simple two-phase clock. Since charge transfer switches are fully turned on during each half of clock cycle, they transfer charges completely from the present stage to the next stage without suffering threshold voltage drop. During one clock cycle, the pump transfers charges twice through two pumping paths which are operating alternately. The performance comparison by simulations and measurements demonstrates that the proposed charge pump exhibits the higher output voltage, the larger output current and a better power efficiency over the traditional twin-well charge pumps.

A VLSI Implementation of High Sensitive Fingerprint Sensor using Parasitic Insensitive Charge Transfer Circuit

Seungmin Jung 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.7

This paper implements 80x64 array high sensitive fingerprint sensor with the parasitic insensitive charge transfer circuit. The fingerprint sensor cell uses an active output voltage feedback integrator. The parasitic insensitive charge transfer circuit includes a differential amplifier and two switches to remove parasitic capacitance and transfer charge. The operation is validated by HSPICE for one-pixel and RTL simulation including logic synthesis for the full chip design on condition of 0.18μm typical CMOS process and 1.8V power. The voltage difference between a ridge and valley is about 215mV after 10 clock cycles and 367mV after 20 clock cycles. The maximum frequency of cell operation is 10MHz. The layout is performed by full custom flow for one-pixel and auto P&R for the full chip. The area of the full chip is 4943μm x 3943μm and the gate count is 542,000. The area of one-pixel is 50μm x 50μm. Pitch is 50μm and image resolution is 508dpi.

High crystallinity and charge transporting organic charge transfer complexes by eutectic crystallization

김주은,강영종 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.0

Charge-transfer complexes (CTs) have been studied for several decades as a result of the unique chemical and physical properties. More in-depth study of this concept and its application in conjunction with other organic CTs may provide a solution for one of the most difficult bottlenecks in organic device research. Further progress is necessary in several areas. First, only a limited crystallinity is available relating the structure of CTs to their properties. Further analysis of donor-acceptor (D-A) overlap, stacking structure, and degree of charge transfer between the D and A molecules could yield much insight into the structure-function relationship of these materials and a rational design of CTs with electrical properties ranging from insulating to metallic. Herein, we report an approach to fabricate organic CTs of high crystallinity by eutectic crystallization. Our method shows the simple process and crystal growth of improve crystallinity with combined soft-lithography.

Exciton dissociation and energy transfer at the quantized pentacene/lead-sulfide nanocrystal functional interface

Cho, Seongeun,Park, Byoungnam ELSEVIER SCIENCE 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.725 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated quantized-charge and energy transfer at the pentacene/lead sulfide (PbS) interface through realization of PbS nanocrystal (NC) size-dependent quantum confinement effect, providing insights into the presence of triplet exciton dissociation and energy transfer. With PbS nanocrystals (NCs) of a small size (∼3 nm), quantized charge and energy transfer at the pentacene/PbS NC interface leads to a large photocurrent while PbS NCs of a large size (∼7 nm) causes a far reduced photocurrent. Through comparison between the normal and inverted structures, importantly, exciton dissociation and energy transfer are turned out to be sensitive to subtle structural change at the interface.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Investigated quantized-charge and energy transfer at the pentacene/lead sulfide interface. </LI> <LI> Provides insights into the presence of triplet exciton dissociation and energy transfer. </LI> <LI> Exciton dissociation and energy transfer are sensitive to subtle structural change at the interface. </LI> </UL> </P>

Energy and charge transfer effects for hybrids of perovskite CsPbBr₃ quantum dots on organic semiconducting rubrene nanosheet

Youn, Jongwon,Park, Cheol-Joon,Teng, Xuecheng,Lee, Kwang-Sup,Kim, Jeongyong,Joo, Jinsoo Elsevier 2019 Organic electronics Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Functionalized perovskite CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> quantum dots (CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs) were loaded on the surface of a <I>p</I>-type organic rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene) nanosheet (NS) for the fabrication of a new hybrid nano-system. Using a high–resolution laser confocal microscope, the nanoscale photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs/rubrene-NS hybrids were investigated. We observed a significant enhancement of the PL intensity of the rubrene-NS after the hybridization with the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs, which originated from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs to the rubrene-NS. The PL enhancement ratio varied according to the density of the QDs on the NS. To investigate the hybridization effect with CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs on the electrical characteristics of the rubrene-NS, we fabricated field-effect transistors (FETs) using the pristine and hybrid samples as an active layer. The currents of both FETs using the pristine rubrene-NS and hybrid QDs/rubrene-NS increased with light irradiation through the contribution of photo-excited charges. After the hybridization with the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs on the rubrene channel, both the electrical current and mobility decreased compared with the pristine rubrene-based FET. This can be explained by the relative decrease of hole concentration in the active channel region near dielectric layer through the interfacial charge transfer between the QDs and the NS, as well as the de-doping effect of the QDs on the rubrene-NS. Thus, we observed the energy and charge transfer effects for the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs/rubrene-NS hybrids, which can be applied to advanced nanoscale photonics and optoelectronics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Study of PL and charge transport characteristics of rubrene NS and perovskite CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs hybrid. </LI> <LI> Increase of PL intensity of rubrene NS by hybridization with CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs because of energy transfer effect. </LI> <LI> Electrical current and photoresponsivity of rubrene NS decreased due to de-doping effect by the QDs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>The nanoscale photoluminescence and electrical characteristics of organic semiconducting rubrene nanosheet (NS) can be modulated via hybridization with perovskite CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB>-QDs.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>