SD BIOLINE Chagas Ab Rapid 키트의 평가

지미정,노재상,조병기,조영식,김선주,윤병수 대한진단검사의학회 2009 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.29 No.1

Background : Chagas’ disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite, which is transmitted by blood-sucking bugs or through blood transfusion or organ transplantation. It is endemic in Central and South America. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of immunochromatographic SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid (Standard Diagnostics, Korea) with three immunochromatographic kits for the detection of antibodies to T. cruzi. Methods : A total of 320 serum specimens (140 positive and 180 negative) from National Reference Laboratory for Chagas and Leishmaniasis (NRLCL, Honduras) were used for the evaluation of four different test kits: SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid, Chagas Stat-Pak Assay (Chembio Diagnositc Systems, USA), OnSite Chagas Ab Rapid test-Cassette (CTK Biotech, USA), and Trypanosoma Detect Rapid Test (InBios International, USA). The results of four kits were compared with those of NRLCL. Cross-reactivity with other parasites was also evaluated. Results : Compared with the results of NRLCL, sensitivity and specificity were 99.3% and 100% for both of SD and Chembio kits, 97.2% and 100% for InBios kit, and 97.9% and 98.8% for CTK kit. None of other parasites showed cross-reactivity. Conclusions : SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid kit showed test results highly correlating with those of National Reference Laboratory for Chagas and Leishmaniasis. It can be used for a rapid detection of Chagas’ disease in endemic region and monitoring the disease among overseas travelers in Korea. 배경 : 샤가스병은 크루스 파동편모충(Trypanosoma cruzi) 이 원인으로 빈대에 물리거나 수혈과 장기 이식 등에 의해 감염 되는 중남미 지역의 풍토병이다. 국내의 경우 감염된 사례는 없 으나 중남미 지역의 해외여행자를 통한 샤가스병의 감염을 관 리할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 국내에서 개발된 면역크 로마토그래피법의 SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid (에스디, 대 한민국)를 세 가지 면역크로마토그래피법시약과 비교 평가하고 자 하였다. 방법 : 온두라스 국립 샤가스 연구원으로부터 수집한 검체 320건(샤가스 양성 검체 140건, 음성 검체 180건)을 대상으로, SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid 키트를 Chagas Stat-Pak Assay (Chembio Diagnositc Systems, USA), OnSite Chagas Ab Rapid test-Cassette (CTK Biotech, USA), Trypanosoma Detect Rapid Test (InBios International, USA) 등과 비교하였다. 온두라스 국립 샤가스 연구원의 결과에 대한 민감도와 특이도를 비교하였고, 다른 기생충 질환과의 교차반 응을 평가하였다. 결과 : 온두라스 국립 샤가스 연구원 검사에 의한 결과와 비 교 시 각 검사 키트의 민감도와 특이도는 SD 키트와 Chembio 키트는 99.3%, 100%이었고, InBios 키트는 97.2%, 100%, CTK 키트는 97.9%, 98.8%이었다. 다른 기생충 질환과의 교차 반응 은 없었다. 결론 : SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid 키트는 온두라스 국립 샤가스 연구원 결과와의 일치율이 우수하였다. 따라서 국내에 서 개발된 SD Bioline Chagas Ab Rapid 키트는 샤가스병이 풍토병인 지역의 감염 진단과 해외여행자를 통한 국내 샤가스 병 감염 관리에 유용할 것이다.

Modeling Chagas Disease at Population Level to Explain Venezuela’s Real Data

Gilberto Gonza´lez-Parra,Benito M. Chen-Charpentier,Moises Bermu´dez 질병관리본부 2015 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.6 No.5

Objectives: In this paper we present an age-structured epidemiological model for Chagas disease. This model includes the interactions between human and vector populations that transmit Chagas disease. Methods: The human population is divided into age groups since the proportion of infected individuals in this population changes with age as shown by real prevalence data. Moreover, the age-structured model allows more accurate information regarding the prevalence, which can help to design more specific control programs. We apply this proposed model to data from the country of Venezuela for two periods, 1961-1971, and 1961-1991 taking into account real demographic data for these periods. Results: Numerical computer simulations are presented to show the suitability of the age-structured model to explain the real data regarding prevalence of Chagas disease in each of the age groups. In addition, a numerical simulation varying the death rate of the vector is done to illustrate prevention and control strategies against Chagas disease. Conclusion: The proposed model can be used to determine the effect of control strategies in different age groups.

Cytotoxic, Trypanocidal, and Antifungal Activities of Eugenia jambolana L.

Karla K.A. dos Santos,Edinardo F.F. Matias,Saulo R. Tintino,Celestina E.S. Souza,Maria F.B.M. Braga,Gla´ucia M.M. Guedes,Miriam Rolo´n,Celeste Vega,Antonieta Rojas de Arias,Jose´ G.M. Costa,Irwin A. M 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.1

Chagas’ disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs currently used, nifurtimox and benzonidazole, present high toxicity levels. Alternatives for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Eugenia jambolana, a plant used in traditional medicine because of its antimicrobial and biological activities. An ethanol extract from E. jambolana was prepared. To research in vitro anti-epimastigote activity, T. cruzi CL-B5 clone was used. Epimastigotes were inoculated at a concentration of 1 · 105/mL in 200 lL of tryptose-liver infusion. For the cytotoxicity assay J774 macrophages were used. To examine antifungal activity, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei were used. This is the first record of trypanocide activity for E. jambolana. The effective concentration capable of killing 50% of the parasites was 56.42 lg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was £ 1,024 lg/mL. Metronidazole showed a potentiation of its antifungal effect when combined with the ethanol extract of E. jambolana. Thus our results indicate that E. jambolana could be a source of plantderived natural products with anti-epimastigote and antifungal modifying activity with moderate toxicity.

Detection of Human Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Antibody with Recombinant Fragmented Ribosomal P Protein

김영훈,Zhaoshou Yang,Jihoo Lee,안혜진,Chom-Kyu Chong,Wagner Maricondi,Ronaldo F. Dias,남호우 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.4

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and is endemic in many Latin Ameri- can countries. Diagnosis is based on serologic testing and the WHO recommends two or more serological tests for confir- mation. Acidic ribosomal P protein of T. cruzi showed strong reactivity against positive sera of patients, and we cloned the protein after fragmenting it to enhance its antigenicity and solubility. Twelve positive sera of Chagas disease patients were reacted with the fragmented ribosomal P protein using western blot. Detection rate and density for each fragment were determined. Fragments F1R1, F1R2, and F2R1 showed 100% rate of detection, and average density scoring of 2.00, 1.67, and 2.42 from a maximum of 3.0, respectively. Therefore, the F2R1 fragment of the ribosomal P protein of T. cruzi could be a promising antigen to use in the diagnosis of Chagas disease in endemic regions with high specificity and sensitivity.

Inhibition of ER Stress by 2-Aminopurine Treatment Modulates Cardiomyopathy in a Murine Chronic Chagas Disease Model

( Janeesh Plakkal Ayyappan ),( Kezia Lizardo ),( Sean Wang ),( Edward Yurkow ),( Jyothi F Nagajyothi ) 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.4

Trypanosoma cruzi infection results in debilitating cardiomyopathy, which is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the endemic regions of Chagas disease (CD). The pathogenesis of Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM) has been intensely studied as a chronic inflammatory disease until recent observations reporting the role of cardio-metabolic dysfunctions. In particular, we demonstrated accumulation of lipid droplets and impaired cardiac lipid metabolism in the hearts of cardiomyopathic mice and patients, and their association with impaired mitochondrial functions and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CD mice. In the present study, we examined whether treating infected mice with an ER stress inhibitor can modify the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy during chronic stages of infection. T. cruzi infected mice were treated with an ER stress inhibitor 2-Aminopurine (2AP) during the indeterminate stage and evaluated for cardiac pathophysiology during the subsequent chronic stage. Our study demonstrates that inhibition of ER stress improves cardiac pathology caused by T. cruzi infection by reducing ER stress and downstream signaling of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor (P-elF2α) in the hearts of chronically infected mice. Importantly, cardiac ultrasound imaging showed amelioration of ventricular enlargement, suggesting that inhibition of ER stress may be a valuable strategy to combat the progression of cardiomyopathy in Chagas patients.

Development of End Stage Renal Disease after Long-Term Ingestion of Chaga Mushroom: Case Report and Review of Literature

이수아,Hwa Young Lee,박요한,고은정,Tae Hyun Ban,Byung Ha Chung,Hyun Soon Lee,양철우 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.19

Chaga mushrooms are widely used in folk remedies and in alternative medicine. Contrary to many beneficial effects, its adverse effect is rarely reported. We here report a case of end- stage renal disease after long-term taking Chaga mushroom. A 49-year-old Korean man with end stage renal disease (ESRD) was transferred to our hospital. Review of kidney biopsy finding was consistent with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis with oxalate crystal deposits and drug history revealed long-term exposure to Chaga mushroom powder due to intractable atopic dermatitis. We suspected the association between Chaga mushroom and oxalate nephropathy, and measured the oxalate content of remained Chaga mushroom. The Chaga mushroom had extremely high oxalate content (14.2/100 g). Estimated daily oxalate intake of our case was 2 times for four years and 5 times for one year higher than that of usual diet. Chaga mushroom is a potential risk factor of chronic kidney disease considering high oxalate content. Nephrologist should consider oxalate nephropathy in ESRD patients exposed to Chaga mushrooms.

Refining drug administration in a murine model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi

Julián Ernesto Nicolás Gulin,Margarita Bisio,Facundo García-Bournissen 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.4

Background: In animal research, “refinement” refers to modifications of husbandry or experimental procedures to enhance animal well-being and minimize or eliminate pain and distress. Evaluation of drug efficacy in mice models, such as those used to study Trypanosoma cruzi infection, require prolonged drug administration by the oral route (e.g. for 20 consecutive days). However, the orogastric gavage method can lead to significant discomfort, upper digestive or respiratory tract lesions, aspiration pneumonia and even accidental death. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two administration methods (conventional oral gavage vs. a refined method using a disposable tip and automatic pipette) on the efficacy of benznidazole in a murine model of T. cruzi infection. Results: Both administration methods led to a rapid and persistent reduction in parasitaemia. Absence of T. cruzi DNA (evaluated by real-time PCR) in blood, cardiac and skeletal muscle confirmed that treatment efficacy was not influenced by the administration method used. Conclusions: The proposed refined method for long-term oral drug administration may be a suitable strategy for assessing drug efficacy in mice models of Chagas disease and can be applied to similar murine infection models to reduce animal discomfort.

In vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of methanolic extract of Bidens pilosa and identification of active compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

Gabriel Enrique Cázares-Jaramillo,Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza,Itza Eloisa Luna-Cruz,Luisa Yolanda Solís-Soto,José Luis Rosales-Encina,Lucio Galaviz-Silva 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.61 No.4

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a significant but neglected tropical public health issue in Latin America due to the diversity of its genotypes and pathogenic profiles. This complexity is compounded by the adverse effects of current treatments, underscoring the need for new therapeutic options that employ medicinal plant extracts without negative side effects. Our research aimed to evaluate the trypanocidal activity of Bidens pilosa fractions against epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of T. cruzi, specifically targeting the Brener and Nuevo León strains—the latter isolated from Triatoma gerstaeckeri in General Terán, Nuevo León, México. We processed the plant’s aerial parts (stems, leaves, and flowers) to obtain a methanolic extract (Bp-mOH) and fractions with varying solvent polarities. These preparations inhibited more than 90% of growth at concentrations as low as 800 μg/ml for both parasite stages. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for the Bp-mOH extract and its fractions were below 500 μg/ml. Tests for cytotoxicity using Artemia salina and Vero cells and hemolytic activity assays for the extract and its fractions yielded negative results. The methanol fraction (BPFC3MOH1) exhibited superior inhibitory activity. Its functional groups, identified as phenols, enols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and proteins, include compounds such as 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (50.9%), pentadecyl prop-2-enoate (22.1%), and linalool (15.4%). Eight compounds were identified, with a match confirmed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-MS) software through mass spectrometry analysis.

Six-minute walk test and incremental shuttle walk test in the evaluation of functional capacity in Chagas heart disease

Henrique Silveira Costa,Márcia Maria Oliveira Lima,Susan Martins Lage,Fábio Silva Martins da Costa,Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo,Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha 한국운동재활학회 2018 JER Vol.14 No.5

Phenoxy, Phenylthio 및 Benzyloxy-기가 치환된 Quinolone 유도체들의 항트리파노소마 활성에 대한 3D-QSAR 분석

명평근(Pyung-Keun Myung),강나나(Na-Na Kang),김상진(Sang-Jin Kim),성낙도(Nack-Do Sung) 대한약학회 2010 약학회지 Vol.54 No.4

Three dimensional quantitative-structure relationships (3D-QSARs) models between structures of phenoxy, phenylthio or benzyloxy substituted quinolone analogues and their antitrypanosomal activity against Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) were derived and discussed quantitatively using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. The optimized CoMFA 1 model (q2=0.528 and r2=0.964) showed the best statistical results. According to the optimized CoMFA 1 model, the antitrypanosomal activities were dependent on the steric (60.0%) and electrostatic (36.2%) factors of quinolone derivatives. From the contour maps, it is predicted that the activity will be increased when sterically favored groups were located in R4 and R5 position and sterically disfavored groups were located in R2 position. Also, the positively charged groups on R2 would be able to increase the antitrypanosomal activities.