근단부 성형 크기에 따른 다양한 전동 니켈티타늄 파일의 중심 변위율 및 만곡도 감소 비교

곽상원(Sang-Won Kwak),박정길(Jeong-Kil Park),허복(Bock Hur),김현철(Hyeon-Cheol Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2009 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.47 No.7

The purpose of this study was to compare the centering ratio and reduction of canal curvature according to the preparation sizes of #30,#40 and #50 using three rotary NiTi instruments which have different shaft tapers. Seventy-two simulated toot canals in cleat resin blocks (Endo Training Bloc, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were divided as following 3 groups according to the file system; the 24 canal blocks prepared with each of ProTaper Universal system (Group P), LightSpeed eXtra system (Group L), and K3 (Group K), The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate mid calculate the centering ratio and reduction of canal curvature. Mean scores of each group were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test for post-hoc comparison. The results were as followings: 1. Group L showed better centering ratio, followed by K and P. And all experimental groups generally showed increasing tendency of centering ratio as the apical size was increasing from #30 to #50,except at 1 mm level of group P where showed reducing tendency of centering ratio. The smaller the ratio, the better the instrument remained centered in the canal. 2. Group P showed more decrease of canal curvature at all apical shaping size (p < 0.05) Under the conditions of this study, the shaft design could affect the quality of canal shaping and the smooth taperless flexible (LightSpeed) shaft design was capable of preparing canals with good morphological characteristics in curved canals.

근단부 성형 크기에 따른 다양한 전동 니켈티타늄 파일의 중심 변위율 및 만곡도 감소 비교

곽상원(Sang-Won Kwak),박정길(Jeong-Kil Park),허복(Bock Hur),김현철(Hyeon-Cheol Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2010 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.48 No.7

The purpose of this study was to compare the centering ratio and reduction of canal curvature according to the preparation sizes of #30, #40 and #50 using three rotary NiTi instruments which have different shaft tapers. Seventy-two simulated root canals in clear resin blocks (Endo Training Bloc; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were divided as following 3 groups according to the file system; the 24 canal blocks prepared with each of ProTaper Universal system (Group P), LightSpeed eXtra system (Group L), and K3 (Group K). The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate and calculate the centering ratio and reduction of canal curvature. Mean scores of each group were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test for post-hoc comparison. The results were as followings: 1. Group L showed better centering ratio, followed by K and P. And all experimental groups generally showed increasing tendency of centering ratio as the apical size was increasing from #30 to #50, except at 1㎜ level of group P where showed reducing tendency of centering ratio. The smaller the ratio, the better the instrument remained centered in the canal. 2. Group P showed more decrease of canal curvature at all apical shaping size (p<0.05) Under the conditions of this study, the shaft design could affect the quality of canal shaping and the smooth taperless flexible (LightSpeed) shaft design was capable of preparing canals with good morphological characteristics in curved canals.

부산지역 문예회관의 운영 현황 및 재정자립도 분석

추나영(ChooNayoung),안귀연(AnGwi-Lyun),조송현(ChoSonghyun) 한국체육학회 2019 한국체육학회지 Vol.58 No.2

본 연구는 부산지역 문예회관의 운영 실태 및 재정자립도를 비교분석하고 문제점과 운영방향에 대해 논의하고자 하였다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2000년부터 2017년까지의 부산지역 문예회관 관련 문헌자료를 문화체육관광부, 부산시, 지역구, 문예회관 등의 홈페이지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 자료가 부족한 경우 문예회관 홍보 담당자와 통화 후 자료를 이메일로 송부 받아 활용하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 Corel draw v 9.0을 이용하여 문예회관 위치를 작성하였으며, Excel 2013을 이용하여 공연장 규모별 그래프를 제시하였고, 공연일 수 당 유료관객 수, 재정자립도 등을 산출하였다. 연구결과, 부산지역 문예회관은 총 11개로 나타났으며, 운영형태는 지역구 직영, 민간위탁 운영, 재단 운영 등 세 가지의 형태로 운영되고 있으며, 극장 규모에 있어서는 2개 이상의 극장이 있는 문예회관이 8개, 단일극장의 문예회관이 3개로 조사되었다. 직원 수는 재단 운영형태의 문예회관을 제외하고는 20명 미만이었으며, 유료관객 수와 수익이 일치하지는 않았다. 부산시 소재 문예회관의 평균 재정자립도는 평균 20% 미만인 것으로 나타났으며, 지역구 직영 형태의 문예회관이 가장 높게 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to discuss the problems and the direction of operation of the cultural art center in Busan by comparing and analyzing the operation status and financial self-reliance ratio of the cultural art center in Busan. In order to achieve this goal, these were collected the literature data related to the art center from 2000 to 2017, homepage data of Ministry of culture, sports and tourism, Busan Metropolitan, local governments, and cultural art center. If the data was deemed insufficient, We asked the data a publicist of cultural art center on the phone and received the data by e-mail. Based on the collected data, the location of cultural art center was created using Corel Draw v 9.0, a graph was presented by the scale of the theater using Excel 2013 and the paid audience per a performance day, the financial self-reliance ratio, the average value an was calculated. The total of 11 cultural art center were in Busan. The types of operation were divided into direct management of the local government, private consignment management, and the foundation management. In the theater scale, there were 8 cultural art centers with 2 or more theaters and 3 cultural art centers with single theaters. The number of employees was less than 20 except for the cultural art center where the Foundation operates. The number of paid audience and the profits of the cultural art center did not match. The average of financial self-reliance ratio of cultural art centers was below 20%, the cultural art center that managed by local government directly was the highest level of financial self-reliance ratio.

문화예술회관 공간의 복합화 특성에 관한 연구

최지은,임호균 한국문화공간건축학회 2020 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.69

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of the culture and arts center based on the composite scale, and puts forward the direction of the spatial composition in the planning of the facilities of the future culture & arts center. To analyze the complexities of cultural & art centers systematically, this study classified the space as 10 areas; ‘Performance’, ‘Exhibit’, ‘Education’, ‘Information’, ‘Event/Gathering’, ‘Sports’, ‘Public’, ‘Utility’, ‘Administrative’ and ‘Outdoor’. In particular, the exhibition, education, information, event/gathering, and sports areas were divided into complex areas under the definition of a cultural & arts center centered on a performance area. By analyzing 12 local culture & art centers based on the classification system, it was found that the characteristics of the culture & arts center were distinguished by small-scale(less than 500) and medium/large-scale(more than 500 seats) based on the number of seats available. In small-scale cases, the area ratio of the performance area and the composite area consists of 1.6:1, and the composite area accounts for 25.2 percent of the total floor space, which is higher than the mid- to large-scale cases, in order to induce people to use it through various mixed-use facilities as well as performances. In medium/large cases the area ratio of the performance area and the composite area is 2.0:1. Compared to small cultural and arts centers, the area of ancillary facilities such as cafes and day care rooms have increased significantly, which is a space for users to naturally relax or effectively use the facilities’ performances/complexes, which is growing in importance. In addition, it was understood that the space composition plan should be different depending on the composition of the sports facilities when planning the culture & arts center, since the sports facilities are large in unit area as a single function.

모조 레진블락 근관에서 LightSpeed, ProTaper 및 Hybrid technique의 성형 효율 비교

강순일(Soon-Il Kang),곽상원(Sang-Won Kwak),박정길(Jeong-Kil Park),허복(Bock Hur),김현철(Hyeon-Cheol Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2010 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.48 No.7

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping abilities of LightSpeed, ProTaper-Universal, and hybrid technique using S-series of ProTaper-Universal and LigthSpeed The 72 simulated root canals of J-shape were used and classified as flowing 3 groups according to the instrumentation methods; Group P of 24 canal blocks were prepared with ProTaper-Universal, Group L was prepared with LightSpeed, and Group H was prepared with hybrid technique (initial shaping with ProTaper-Universal S1 and S2 and apical shaping with LightSpeed from #25 to #50). A second-year resident of Endodontic department prepared the resin block canals to apical size #50 (F5 in Group P). The time lapses for instrumentation and the reduction of root canal curvature after shaping were measured. The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate and calculate the increased canal width and apical centering ratio. The results were as followings: Group L and H showed significant less instrumentation time than Group P (p < 0.05). The ProTaper system showed greater reduction of root canal curvature and working length diminishment than other methods (p < 0.05). LightSpeed system showed best canal curvature preserving characteristics. The Group P had greater instrumented widths at all levels examined (p < 0.05). Group L and Group H showed lower centering ratio (ability to preserve the canal center; the lower ratio means the better canal center preservation) than Group P (p < 0.05). Group H had the lowest centering ratio at the 1 ㎜ level.

부산도시보건소의 기능별 공간구성 및 면적배분에 관한 연구

조희영 ( Hee Young Cho ),윤소희 ( So Hee Yoon ),김석태 ( Suk Tae Kim ) 한국의료복지건축학회 2015 의료·복지 건축 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: Korea is increasing in the demand for medical services due to rapid economic growth and population aging in modern society. Thus, the importance has been emphasized for the health promotion in the community and the publicity and substantiality of public health centers. However, the environment is insufficient, compared to required functions and developed services as a urban public health center. The purpose of this study is to analysis the plane type and area composition of public health centers in Busan and to identify the property of their spatial configuration Methods: Eight public health centers in Busan, were classified, which had been selected as a medical tourism city. Subsequently, space requirements were analyzed, facilities were typed, vertical, horizontal spaces were reviewed, and area ratios by business function were calculated. Results: A review of the property of spatial configuration and an analysis of the area ratio revealed the three findings. 1)The horizontal analysis found various types: a single type, a multi-type, a radial type, and a circular type, 2)The vertical analysis showed that since a care function (general practice), and a task function (maternal and child health) were concentrated in lower level spaces, the lobby and core were closed located for providing quick medical services. 3)The analysis of the area ratio in public health centers in terms of their function indicated that each public health center’ programs had the greatest influence on the area. Implications: This study attempted to present spatial structural problems and improvements for city public health center by identifying their state and classify their functions and types and by calculating the ratio of their area configuration according to the spatial composition. It was thus aimed to presenting implications in establish public functions and roles by activating business through in connection with the number of municipalities in many ways, such as regional health. medical welfare, etc. to improve the health of local residents, and by providing differentiated programs in accordance with local characteristics.

모조 레진볼락 근관에서 LightSpeed,ProTaper 및 Hybrid technique의 성형 효율 비교

강순일(Soon-Il Kang),곽상원(Sang-Won Kwak),박정길(Jeong-Kil Park),허복(Bock Hur),김현철(Hyeon-Cheol Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2009 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.47 No.7

The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping abilities of LightSpeed, ProTaper-Universal, and hybrid technique using S-series of ProTaper-Universal and LigthSpeed. The 72 simulated root canals of J-shape were used and classified as flowing 3 groups according to the instrumentation methods; Group P of 24 canal blocks were prepared with ProTaper-Universal, Group L was prepared with LightSpeed, and Group H was prepared with hybrid technique (initial shaping with ProTaper-Universal SI and S2 and apical shaping with LightSpeed from #25 to #50). A second-year resident of Endodontic department prepared the resin block canals to apical size #50 (F5 in Group P). The time lapses for instrumentation and the reduction of root canal curvature after shaping were measured. The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate and calculate the increased canal width and apical centering ratio. The results were as followings: Group L and H showed significant less instrumentation time than Group P (p < 0.05), The ProTaper system showed greater reduction of root canal curvature and working length diminishment than other methods (p < 0,05). LightSpeed system showed best canal curvature preserving characteristics. The Group P had greater instrumented widths at all levels examined (p < 0.05). Group L and Group H showed lower centering ratio (ability to preserve the canal center; the lower ratio means the better canal center preservation) than Group P (p < 0.05). Group H had the lowest centering ratio at the 1 mm level.

농어촌 보건소의 기능별 공간구성 및 면적배분에 관한 연구

조희영 ( Hee Young Cho ),윤소희 ( So Hee Yoon ),김석태 ( Suk Tae Kim ) 한국의료복지건축학회 2016 의료·복지 건축 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: To improve and establish functions for public health centers in rural public, an analysis will be done on arrangement plan and area by function for public health centers in farming and fishing villages. After finding out this relationship and architectural characteristics, spatial organization and area ratio for providing efficient medical service and the relationship between the two will be examined. Methods: 8 of them were selected and site visit and interview with the person in charge were conducted to investigate the current status. The drawings collected for analysis were input as CAD data and schematized. The relationship between the arrangement type and area for the public health centers in farming and fishing villages was analyzed and based on this, an analysis was done on agricultural scale and characteristics, and putting these analyzed results together, an appropriate method of improvement was proposed for spatial organization by function for public health centers in farming and fishing villages and to provide efficient service. Results: Firstly, the Plan types found in the public health centers in farming and fishing villages could be classified into three including single-type, multiple-type and radial-type. Secondly, according to an analysis of areas by function, in the case of treatment function, there was a difference in the area ration for selective treatment. This ratio is considered to be greatly influenced by the project each public health center focuses on. Thirdly, I could become aware of the relationship between spatial organization and area ratio based on the analysis of arrangement and area derived above. Implication: As the data to refer to in future research on spatial organization for public health centers, if the object of analysis becomes more expanded and investigated, it will be utilized in detail for spatial planning of public health centers, thereby being expected to contribute to more efficient and qualitatively enhanced medical service provided by public health centers.

Step by Step Analysis of Root Canal Instrumentation with ProTaper^(®)

Kim, Mi-Hee,Huh, Bock,Kim, Hyeon-Cheol,Park, Jeong-Kil 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 ProTaper^(®) system을 사용하였을 때, 각 단계별로 근관 형성 결과를 분석 하는 것이다. 20개의 레진 블락을 근관 성형 방법에 따라, 엔진 구동형 ProTaper^(®) 로 전체 근관을 성형한 군을 R군, 수동형 ProTaper^(®)로 전체 근관을 성형한 군을 M군으로 하였다. 근관의 술 전, 술 후 이미지를 각 파일 단계별로 스캔한 후, 중심이동률 산출을 위해 원래의 근관 이미지와 각 단계의 파일 사용후의 이미지를 각각 중첩하였고, 근관의 변위량 산출을 위해 각 단계의 파일 사용후의 이미지와 직전 파일 사용후의 이미지를 중첩하였다. 근단공으로부터 수직거리 1, 2, 3, 4 그리고 5 ㎜ 위치에서 중심이동률과 근관의 변위량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, R군의 모든 지점에서 각 단계별 중심이동률과 근관 변위량은 각각 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p > 0.05). M군 에서 1 ㎜를 제외한 모든 지점에서 각 단계별 중심 이동률과 근관 변위량은 각각 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p > 0.05). 그러나 M군의 1 ㎜ 지점에서 F2 file step은 통계학적으로 큰 중심 이동률과 근관 변위량을 보였다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구의 결과에서 엔진 구동형 ProTaper^(®) 사용 시에는 각 파일 단계별 근관 변위 정도에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 수동형 ProTaper^(®)로 근관 성형을 하였을 때, F2 file step에서 특히 근관 변위가 크게 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of each file step of ProTaper^(®) system on canal transportation. Twenty simulated canals were prepared with either engine-driven ProTaper^(®) or manual ProTaper^(®) . Group R-resin blocks were instrumented with rotary ProTaper^(®) and group M-resin blocks were instrumented with manual ProTaper^(®). Pre-operative resin blocks and post-operative resin blocks after each file step preparation were scanned. Original canal image and the image after using each file step were superimposed for calculation of centering ratio. The image after using each file step and image after using previous file step were superimposed for calculation of the amount of deviation. Measurements were taken horizontally at five different levels (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ㎜) from the level of apical foramen. In rotary ProTaper^(®) instrumentation group, centering ratio and the amount of deviation of each step at all levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05). In manual ProTaper^(®) instrumentation group, centering ratio and the amount of deviation of each step at all levels except of 1 ㎜ were not significnatly different (p > 0.05). At the level of 1 ㎜, F2 file step had significantly large centering ratio and the amount of deviation (p < 0.05). Under the condition of this study, F2 file step of manual ProTaper^(®) tended to transport the apical part of the canals than that of rotary ProTaper^(®). 〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(1):50-57, 2006〕

충남 공공디자인센터 디자인 컨설팅 분석(2017)-공공건축 부문을 중심으로 -

김연준 ( Yonjun Kim ) 한국공간디자인학회 2018 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.13 No.3

(Background and Purpose) Chungnam Institute established the Chungnam Public Design Center in 2014 to enhance the quality of public design through sharing and coexistence. The Design Center has fulfilled consulting projects since its establishment and the importance of consulting continues to grow. Now is the time to look over whether those consulting projects given to local governments can take on practical roles and thus help to improve public design. Moreover, it is necessary to make clear if there is any problem in institution and process. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to know how the findings of consulting are applied and to what extent, and in the case of failures to apply consulting suggestions, to improve the process and the findings of eventual consulting projects by analyzing the causes. (Method) Among the 218 consulting projects in five sectors fulfilled in 2017, the extent of this study is limited to 68 cases in the public architecture sector. This study has two categories. The first includes 39 cases where the results of consulting have been reported. For these 39 cases, the findings and suggestions applied and not applied by the clients will be analyzed. The second includes 29 cases which have not been reported. For these cases, through telephone interviews with the representative parties, the reason and usefulness of consulting will be analyzed and classified. (Results) The analysis derived the following correlations: First, even in the case of no report, 88% of cases were classified as useful. The correlation ratio between the application and its usefulness was very high and thus design consulting has practical effects. Second, in the case of non-reporting, the reasons for not applying findings are budget, timing and rejection by the consultee. Thus, it is necessary to provide consulting within an appropriate budget and timeframe. Third, in the case of reporting, color planning has the highest percentage and this point is mainly due to the school environment improvement service of the Chungnam education office. Fourth, the ratio of application was as high as 88.9%, and, moreover, the whole application ratio was greater than the partial application ratio. Fifth, in the case of non-reporting, the reasons for not applying findings are classified in two subcategories. The first indicates an objective reason, such as function, budget, security or timing, and the second is a subjective reason, such as design concept, mood of space and rejection by the consultee. (Conclusion) As the above results show, design consulting by Chungnam Public Design Center has large success in various categories and thus this study could serve as a practical indicator to the three principal subjects: local government, the public design center and the consultant. These results could be the starting point to prepare more efficient systems.