Performance analysis and carbon reduction assessment of an integrated syngas purification process for the co-production of hydrogen and power in an integrated gasification combined cycle plant

Lee, Woo-Sung,Oh, Hyun-Taek,Lee, Jae-Cheol,Oh, Min,Lee, Chang-Ha Elsevier 2019 ENERGY Vol.171 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is prominent in coal-based power plants because of its high efficiency and environmental benefit. Because of global warming, the integration of a carbon capture process (CCP) into the IGCC is exigent. In this study, performance analysis of an integrated syngas purification process was performed for a 500 MW-class IGCC. First, various carbon capture efficiencies were investigated to elucidate the most economical carbon capture efficiency, and a carbon capture efficiency of 90% was recommended. This value includes sour gas (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) removal cost, and it is essential for coal-power plants regardless of carbon capture. Thus, the net carbon capture cost was calculated from the difference in the operating costs of the integrated syngas purification process with/without a CCP. The net carbon capture cost per ton of CO<SUB>2</SUB> was determined as approximately 21 USD. In addition, the exergy analysis and H<SUB>2</SUB> co-production from the integrated syngas purification process with pressure swing adsorption (PSA) were presented to suggest the direction of the potential process improvement and carbon reduction assessment. The study can contribute towards decision-making related to investment in near-future candidate technologies for increasing efficiency and carbon emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An integrated syngas purification process for H<SUB>2</SUB>S and CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture was analyzed. </LI> <LI> A 90% carbon capture guideline was suggested, based on regulation of H<SUB>2</SUB>S removal. </LI> <LI> The net cost was compared between the processes with and without carbon capture. </LI> <LI> Exergy analysis of the syngas process was performed to further direct development. </LI> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction by the co-production of H<SUB>2</SUB> and power via IGCC with PSA was estimated. </LI> </UL> </P>

순환 유동층 보일러 애시의 촉진탄산화에 의한 탄소포집 특성

최영철 ( Young-cheol Choi ),유성원 ( Sung-won Yoo ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2021 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.25 No.5

이 연구는 건설재료로 활용 가능성이 높은 다양한 무기계 재료의 탄소포집에 대한 성능 평가를 목적으로 한다. 이러한 목적을 위해 광물탄산화가 가능한 보통포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC), 고로슬래그 미분말(GGBS), 순환유동층 보일러 애시(CFBC)의 탄산화 반응에 대한 특성 변화를 분석하였다. 촉진 탄산화 실험을 통해 모든 재료에 대한 탄산화 양생을 수행하였으며, 탄산화 재령에 따라 열중량 분석에 의해 탄소포집량을 정량분석하였다. 모든 재료에서 탄소포집 효과가 확인되었고, 실험결과 탄소포집량은 CFBC, OPC, GGBS 순으로 나타났다. CFBC, OPC, GGBS의 28일 탄소포집량은 각각 9.4 wt.%, 3.9 wt.%, wt.1.3 %이다. 탄소포집은 탄산화 초기에 빠르게 발생하였으며, 재령이 증가함에 따라 느리게 발생하였다. SEM 이미지 분석을 통해, 모든 실험체에서 탄산화 양생에 의해 발생된 추가적인 생성물은 탄산칼슘(CaCO3)으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the carbon capture capacity of various inorganic materials. For this purpose, the change in property of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), blast furnace slag fine powder (GGBS), and circulating fluidized bed boiler ash (CFBC) due to carbonation were analyzed. Carbonation curing was performed on all specimens through the accelerated carbonation experiment, and the amount of carbon capture was quantitatively analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis according to the age of carbonation. From the results, it is confirmed that the carbon capture capacity was shown in all specimens. The carbon capture amount was shown in the order of CFBC, OPC, and GGBS. The 28-day carbon capture of CFBC, OPC, and GGBS was 3.9%, 1.3%, and 9.4%, respectively. Carbon capture reaction occurred rapidly at the beginning of carbonation, and occurred slowly with increasing age. SEM image analysis revealed that an additional product generated by carbonation curing in all specimens was calcium carbonate.

유럽연합(EU) 및 유럽 주요국의 이산화탄소 포집·활용·저장(CCUS) 정책동향

고문현(Moon-Hyun Koh) 한국토지공법학회 2022 土地公法硏究 Vol.100 No.-

2021년 8월 9일 공개된 기후변화에 관한 정부간 협의체(IPCC)의 제6차 평가보고서(Assessment Report, AR 6) 중 제1 실무그룹(WG)보고서에 따르면 현재 지구의 평균온도가 산업화 이전보다 이미 1.09〬 C 상승했으며, 대기 중 평균 이산화탄소 농도는 410ppm으로 200만 년 만에 최고 수준으로 높아졌다. 현 추세대로 탄소배출이 진행될 경우, 길어도 20년 안에 파리협정(Paris Agreement)에 따른 기온상승 제한 목표치이자 돌이킬 수 없는 기후재앙의 임계치인 1.5〬 C에 이를 가능성이 높다는 암울한 전망을 제시하였다. 이러한 전망으로 인류의 생존을 위협하는 온실가스감축을 위해 기술개발의 중요성을 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않다. 지구온난화의 주된 원인인 온실가스의 대규모 감축을 위한 대표기술인 이산화탄소 포집, 활용 및 저장(Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage; CCUS) 기술이 최근에 주목을 받고 있다. 2050년 탄소중립 달성이라는 국가비전은 큰 틀에서 보면 파리협정 제3조 및 제4조상의 국가결정기여(Nationally Determined Contribution; NDC)의 이행과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이산화탄소 포집, 활용 및 저장(CCUS)기술은 2050년 탄소중립 달성과 밀접한 온실가스 대규모 감축수단의 대표적 기술이다. 한국 CCUS기술의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 해외의 선진 CCUS정책에 대한 고찰이 중요하다. 이에 본 보고서에서는 유럽연합(European Union; EU)과 유럽 주요국의 그린뉴딜 정책의 일환이라고 볼 수 있는 이산화탄소 포집, 수송, 활용 및 저장(CCUS) 프로젝트 사례와 독일, 노르웨이 및 영국 등 유럽 주요국가의 이산화탄소 포집, 수송, 활용 및 저장(CCUS)에 대한 최근 정책 동향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 이를 통하여 첫째, CCUS가 간헐성, 비효율성, 소음공해 등 신재생에너지의 문제점을 보완하여 2050 탄소증립의 달성을 위한 중요한 수단이라는 점, 둘째, CCUS의 연착륙을 위해서는 CCUS 시설 인근 지역 주민들의 수용성이 매우 중요하므로 주민들에 대한 정기적이고 수시적인 정보공개, 주민간담회나 세미나 등을 통한 대중수용성의 제고가 매우 중요하다는 점, 셋째, 독일, 노르웨이, 영국 및 네덜란드 등 유럽의 주요국뿐만 아니라 미국, 캐나다 및 중국 등 CCUS 강국들이 CCUS연구 및 개발 등에 박차를 가하고 있으므로 우리나라가 CCUS에 대한 연구 및 개발 등을 소홀히 하면 기술종속국으로 전락하게 되므로 CCUS 기술 종속국이 되지 않도록 하기 위하여 향후 CCUS에 대한 더욱 전폭적인 연구개발 및 투자를 통하여 대한민국이 탄소중립 2050목표를 달성하여 지속가능한 발전을 이루어야 할 것이라는 점 등의 시사점을 도출하였다. According to the 1st Working Group (WG) report of the 6th Assessment Report (AR 6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published on August 9, 2021, the average global temperature is now higher than before industrialization. It has already risen 1.09〬 C, and the average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is 410ppm, the highest level in 2 million years. If carbon emissions continue according to the current trend, it is highly likely that the temperature rise limit target according to the Paris Agreement and the threshold of an irreversible climate catastrophe will reach 1.5〬 C within 20 years at the most. With such a prospect, it is not enough to emphasize the importance of technology development to reduce greenhouse gas, which threatens the survival of mankind. Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology, which is a representative technology for large-scale reduction of greenhouse gas, which is the main cause of global warming, has recently attracted attention. The national vision of achieving carbon neutrality in 2050 is closely related to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) under Articles 3 and 4 of the Paris Agreement. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is a representative technology for large-scale reduction of greenhouse gases closely related to achieving carbon neutrality in 2050. In order to increase the effectiveness of Korean CCUS technology, it is important to consider overseas advanced CCUS policies. Accordingly, in this report, examples of carbon dioxide capture, transport, utilization and storage (CCUS) projects that can be seen as part of the Green New Deal policies of the European Union (EU) and major European countries and carbon dioxide in major European countries such as Germany, Norway and the United Kingdom Recent policy trends on capture, transport, utilization and storage (CCUS) are reviewed. Through this, first, CCUS is an important means to achieve 2050 carbon growth by supplementing the problems of new and renewable energy such as intermittent, inefficiency, and noise pollution. Because it is important, regular and occasional disclosure of information to residents and enhancement of public acceptance through resident meetings and seminars are very important. Third, the United States, Canada and China are CCUS powerhouses as well as major European countries such as Germany, Norway, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. As above mentioned CCUS powerhouses are spurring CCUS research and development, if Korea neglects research and development on CCUS, it will fall into a technology-dependent country. Through this, implications such as that Korea should achieve the carbon-neutral 2050 target and achieve sustainable development were derived.

Hybrid seawater desalination-carbon capture using modified seawater battery system

Bae, Hyuntae,Park, Jeong-Sun,Senthilkumar, S.T.,Hwang, Soo Min,Kim, Youngsik Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.410 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The water and carbon cycles are central to the Earth's ecosystem, enabling the sustainable development of human societies. To mitigate the global issues of water shortages and climate change, we report a new electrochemical system that fulfills two functions—seawater desalination and carbon dioxide air-capture—during the charge and discharge processes. The seawater desalination-carbon capture system utilizes a seawater battery platform, consisting of three major compartments (desalination, sodium-collection, and carbon-capture), which are separated by sodium superionic conducting ceramic membranes. It is found that the concentrations of sodium ions and chloride ions in fresh seawater (total dissolved solids ≈ 34,000 ppm) are significantly decreased by the charging of the seawater desalination-carbon capture system, resulting in brackish water (total dissolved solids ≈ 7000 ppm). The discharge process induces the air-capture of ambient carbon dioxide gases through carbonation reactions, which is demonstrated by the carbon dioxide gas removal in this compartment. The hybrid system suggests a new electrochemical approach for both desalination and carbon capture.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A Hybrid-type Seawater Desalination-Carbon Capture system is demonstrated. </LI> <LI> The hybrid system uses NASICON membranes to utilize Na<SUP>+</SUP> ions from seawater. </LI> <LI> Charging of the system can remove Na<SUP>+</SUP> and Cl<SUP>−</SUP> ions from seawater. </LI> <LI> Discharging of the system can capture CO<SUB>2</SUB> via formation of carbonate precipitates. </LI> </UL> </P>

이산화탄소 포집과 저장에 관한 법적 쟁점 -포집을 중심으로-

이순자 ( Soon Ja Lee ) 한국환경법학회 2015 環境法 硏究 Vol.37 No.1

세계는 에너지 생산을 위해 화석연료를 사용하고 있고, 이로 인해 지구온난화를 가속화 시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그래서 세계는 대기중의 이산화탄소의 농도를 낮추는 방안으로 다양한 정책을 펼치고 있다. 그 중에서 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장에 관한 연구가 활발하며, 이를 제도적으로 뒷받침하기 위하여 법령을 제정한 나라가있다. 우리나라는 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장에 관한 법률을 제정하려고 한다. 법률을 제정시 고려할 점과 포집에 관련한 쟁점들을 아래와 같이 살펴보았다. 첫 번째 법률명을 「이산화탄소 포집 및 저장에 관한 법률」로 할 것인지 아니면 전환과 재활용도 포함하도록 법률명을 「이산화탄소 포집 및 처리에 관한 법률」로제정할 것인지에 대해 고려해 보아야 한다. 두 번째로는 포집한 이산화탄소 스트림(stream)은 이산화탄소를 포집해야 하는 사업자에게 미치는 영향이 크다. 따라서 법률에서 어떻게 정의를 해야 하는지에 대한 내용을 담았다. 세 번째로는 이산화탄소 스트림의 폐기물 내지 유해폐기물 여부에 대한 논의를 하였다. 현행 법령에서 이산화탄소 스트림은 폐기물이고 유해폐기물은 아니다. 하지만 이를 규율할 법령이 필요하다. 네 번째로는 이산화탄소 포집의무자를 누구로 할 것인지에 대해 알아보았다. 포집의무자를 신규로 건설하는 화석연료를 사용하는 발전사업자로 한정할 것인가? 아니면 일정량 이상의 이산화탄소를 배출하는 사업자까지 확대할 필요성이 있는가에 대한 논의와 기존의 이산화탄소를 많이 배출하는 사업자에게 포집의무를 부과시헌법적 문제를 야기할 수 있어서 헌법재판소의 결정에 대해 살펴보았다. 기후변화에 대응하기 위하여 이산화탄소를 포집하고 처리하는 정책을 펼치는것은 우리의 선택이다. 이를 집행하기 위한 법률을 제정시에는 다양한 의견을 검토하고 반영하는 것이 필요하다. The world is still relying on fossil fuel for energy production, and this in turn is known to be accelerating global warming. As a result, the world is adopting a variety of policies to reduce the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. Among those polices, active research is being conducted on the technology of capturing and storing CO2, and various states are providing legislative support to facilitate further research. Korea is considering the enactment of an “Act on CO2 Capture and Storage.” This paper analyzes the issues that need to be considered when establishing the act. First, it needs to be decided whether the title of the legislation should be an “Act on CO2 Capture and Storage” or an “Act on CO2 Capture and Disposal.” The latter title will include the notions of conversion and recycling. Second, the carbon dioxide capture stream can have a great impact on the operators who are obligated to capture carbon dioxide. This paper looks over how carbon dioxide capture stream should be defined. Third, this paper discusses whether the CO2 stream should be considered as waste or hazardous waste. According to current legislation, the CO2 stream does not fall into the scope of hazardous waste. However, legislation is needed for its regulation. Fourth, this paper looked over the issue of to whom the obligation of CO2 capture should be designated. Should the obligator be limited to newly constructed fossil fuel generators? To decide whether operators emitting CO2 over a certain scale should be obligated as well, this paper analyzes a relevant Korean Constitutional Court decision to determine whether there are constitutional complications if existent large scale CO2 emitters are included. Deciding whether the CO2 capture and disposal policy is our response to climate change is our choice to make. For the implementation of this policy, the process of examining and reflecting various opinions need to be done.

Carbon capture from stationary power generation sources: A review of the current status of the technologies

Muhammad Zaman,이재형 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.8

The world will need greatly increased energy supply in the future for sustained economic growth, but the related CO2 emissions and the resulting climate changes are becoming major concerns. CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases that is said to be responsible for approximately 60% of the global warming. Along with improvement of energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energy sources, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is expected to play a major role in curbing the greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. This article reviews the various options and technologies for CO2 capture, specifically for stationary power generation sources. Many options exist for carbon dioxide capture from such sources, which vary with power plant types, and include post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, oxy fuel combustion capture, and chemical looping combustion capture. Various carbon dioxide separation technologies can be utilized with these options, such as chemical absorption, physical absorption, adsorption,and membrane separation. Most of these capture technologies are still at early stages of development. Recent progress and remaining challenges for the various CO2 capture options and technologies are reviewed in terms of capacity, selectivity,stability, energy requirements, etc. Hybrid and modified systems hold huge future potentials, but significant progress is required in materials synthesis and stability, and implementations of these systems on demonstration plants are needed. Improvements and progress made through applications of process systems engineering concepts and tools are highlighted and current gaps in the knowledge are also mentioned. Finally, some recommendations are made for future research directions.

Influence of various carbon capture technologies on the performance of natural gas-fired combined cycle power plants

안지호,정지훈,최병선,김동섭 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.3

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been studied actively in recent years to address global warming. This paper aimed to make a consistent comparison of different capture technologies applied to the natural gas-fired combined cycle (NGCC). Multiple power plant systems based on a standard NGCC using three different carbon capture technologies (post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxycombustion) were proposed, and their net performance was compared. The optimal pressure ratio of the oxy-combustion technology system was obtained. The variations in the net cycle performance of the three systems were compared using the specific CO 2 capture. The net power of the post-combustion capture scheme is lower than that of all other systems, but it has the highest efficiency. However, its biggest disadvantage is a much lower CO 2 capture rate than the oxy-combustion capture which exhibits nearly 100 % capture rate. The conclusion is that the oxy-combustion capture would provide both the highest net efficiency and power output if a high capture rate of over 92 % was required.

기후변화에 대응한 이산화탄소 지중저장을 위한 체계적인 환경관리와 대중수용성 제고를 위한 법제도 기반 연구

고문현,김성배 한국토지공법학회 2019 土地公法硏究 Vol.88 No.-

Public awareness of CCS(Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage) technology, a representative technology for reducing carbon dioxide on a large scale, is very poor and it is very necessary to promote it to the public. In addition, if fine dust collection technology can be developed in the development of carbon dioxide gathering technology, the demand and importance for CCS will soar. To assess the stability and efficiency of the CCS project and minimize its impact on the environment, an environmental management system dealing with the entire CCS process is needed and the legal basis for this is urgently needed. The biggest issue of underground storage is whether it is hazardous or not if the injected carbon dioxide should be leaked. This is because the leakage of carbon dioxide will not only reduce storage efficiency but also affect the health of local residents and their surrounding ecosystems. Therefore, it should be monitored throughout the entire process, from site selection to injection and post-injection closure, so that land storage can be safe and environmentally friendly, and licensing and environmental management regulations should be established at a national level. Following the introduction of the latest CCS policy trends in the major countries on CO2 underground storage, we will examine the need and direction of CCS single act for CO2 underground storage and present five principles of public acceptance for soft landing of CCS project. 지구온난화의 주된 요인인 이산화탄소를 대규모로 감축하는 대표적인 기술인 이산화탄소 포집・저장 [CCS(Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage)] 기술에 대하여 국민의 인식이 제대로 안되어 있어 대중에게 홍보하는 것이 매우 필요하다. 아울러 이산화탄소를 포집하는 기술을 개발할 때 이와 관련된 미세먼지 포집기술도 같이 개발할 수 있다면 CCS에 대한 수요와 중요성이 급증할 것이다. CCS 사업의 안정성과 효율성을 평가하고 주변 환경에 미치는 영향을 최소화하기 위해 이산화탄소 포집・수송・저장 및 사후관리 등 CCS 전 과정(Life cycle)을 다루는 환경관리제도가 필요하고 이를 위한 법적 기반의 구축이 화급하다. 지중저장의 가장 큰 쟁점은 주입된 이산화탄소의 누출로 인한 위해성 여부이다. 이산화탄소가 누출되면 저장 효율을 낮출 뿐 아니라 지역 주민들의 건강과 주변 생태계에 악영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 주입된 이산화탄소의 거동을 파악하고 누출을 예방하는 것이 필수적으로 요구된다. 특히, 육상 저장의 경우에는 음용 가능한 지하수 자원의 보호가 가장 중요하다. 따라서 지중저장이 안전하고 친환경적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 부지 선정에서부터 주입 중 및 주입 후 폐쇄에 이르는 전 과정에 걸쳐 모니터링하고 국가적 차원에서 인・허가 규정 및 환경 관리 규정이 마련되어야 한다. 이하에서는 이산화탄소 지중저장에 관한 주요국의 최신 CCS 정책동향을 소개한 후, 이산화탄소 지중저장을 위한 CCS 단일법제정의 필요성과 방향을 살펴보고 CCS 사업의 연착륙을 위한 대중소통 방안의 5가지 원칙을 제시하고자 한다.

An Integrated Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Process for Combined Heat and Power Facilities: A Life Cycle Assessment

( Sora Yi ),( Changsik Choi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

This study performs a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a newly developed integrated carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) process for combined heat and power (CHP) facilities. This integrated CCUS process incorporates advanced technologies to each stage of CCUS at CHP plants: an advanced flue gas supply system → CO₂ biomass production → CO₂ capture using membranes → CO2 storage by mineral carbonation. The greenhouse gas emissions and offsetting effect (i.e., resource recovery and carbon capture amount) of each stage was assessed to analyze the total amount of greenhouse gas emission from a life cycle perspective. In the case of the integrated process, the LCA showed that this integrated CCUS process resulted in -745 kg CO2 eq/ton of greenhouse gases, which is superior to the greenhouse gas reduction effects of individual technologies reported by previous research. The integrated CCUS process was also found to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly compared to existing technologies in the assessment based on energy consumption: while existing carbon capture technology is reported to emit 798 kg CO₂ eq/ton of greenhouse gases to remove 1 ton of CO₂, the integrated CCUS process emitted 356 kg CO₂ eq/ton to capture 1 ton of CO₂ and converts it into resources, reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions to 44.6%.

Dual-templating-derived porous carbons for low-pressure CO2 capture

Bari Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul,Kang Hui-Ju,Lee Tae-Gyu,Hwang Hyun Jin,An Byeong-Hyeon,Seo Hye-Won,Ko Chang Hyun,Hong Won Hi,Jun Young-Si 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.3

Porous carbons are considered promising for CO2 capture due to their high-pressure capture performance, high chemical/thermal stability, and low humidity sensitivity. But, their low-pressure capture performance, selectivity toward CO2 over N2, and adsorption kinetics need further improvement for practical applications. Herein, we report a novel dual-templating strategy based on molten salts (LiBr/KBr) and hydrogen-bonded triazine molecules (melamine–cyanuric acid complex, MCA) to prepare high-performance porous carbon adsorbents for low-pressure CO2. The comprehensive investigations of pore structure, microstructure, and chemical structure, as well as their correlation with CO2 capture performance, reveal that the dual template plays the role of porogen for multi-hierarchical porous structure based on supermicro-/micro-/meso-/macro-pores and reactant for high N/O insertion into the carbon framework. Furthermore, they exert a synergistic but independent effect on the carbonization procedure of glucose, avoiding the counter-balance between porous structure and hetero-atom insertion. This enables the preferred formation of pyrrolic N/carboxylic acid functional groups and super-micropores of ~ 0.8 nm, while retaining the micro-/meso-/macro-pores (> 1 nm) more than 60% of the total pore volume. As a result, the dual-templated porous carbon adsorbent (MG-Br-600) simultaneously achieves a high CO2 capture capacity of 3.95 mmol g−1 at 850 Torr and 0 °C, a CO2/N2 (15:85) selectivity factor of 31 at 0 °C, and a high intra-particle diffusivity of 0.23 mmol g−1 min−0.5 without performance degradation over repeated use. With the molecular scale structure tunability and the large-scale production capability, the dual-templating strategy will offer versatile tools for designing high-performance carbon-based adsorbents for CO2 capture.