Comparative analysis of restraint stress-induced depressive-like phenotypes in C57BL/6N mice derived from three different sources

황동주,권기천,황대연,서민수,김길수,정영석,조준용 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.3

C57BL/6NKorl mice are a novel mouse stock recently developed by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation in Korea. Extensive research into the nature of C57BL/6NKorl mice is being conducted. However, there is no scientific evidence for the phenotypic response to restraint stress (RST), a stress paradigm for modeling depressive disorders, in rodents. In this study, we investigated the repeated RST-induced depressive-like phenotypes in C57BL/6 N mouse substrains (viz., C57BL/6NKorl mice from Korea, C57BL/6NA mice from the United States, and C57BL/6NB mice from Japan) obtained from different sources. The results showed that C57BL/6 N mice derived from various sources exposed to repeated RST resulted in depressive-like phenotypes reflected by a similar degree of behavioral modification and susceptibility to oxidative stress in a duration-dependent manner, except for the distinctive features (increased body weight (BW) and tolerance to the suppression of BW gain by exposure to repeated RST) in C57BL/6NKorl mice. Taken together, the duration-dependent alteration in depressive-like phenotypes by repeated exposure to RST observed in this study may provide valuable insights into the nature of C57BL/6NKorl mice as an alternative animal resource for better understanding of the etiology of depressive disorders and the mechanisms of antidepressant actions.

Reaction of Mast Cells and Goblet Cells in the Small Intestine of C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN Mice Infected with Echinostoma hortense

Park Kyeong-Yeol,Lee Kyu-Jae,Kim In-Sik,Yang Eun-Ju,Lim Su-jung,Lim Byung-Hyuk,Ryang Yong-Suk The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Scien 2005 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.11 No.3

Mast cells and goblet cells have been known to protect the host against parasites. In this study, we examined the response of the mast cells and goblet cells over a period of 6 weeks in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice infected with Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense). In addition, we investigated whether the worm recovery rate of uninfected mice (the control group) or E. hortense-infected mice (the experimental group) was associated with the number of mast cells and goblet cells. The worm recovery rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. The number of goblet cells significantly increased in the experimental group of the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice compared with the control group of both strains (P<0.005). Worm recovery peaked 3 weeks after the infection of the C57BL/6 mice and at 2 weeks after the infection of the C3H/HeN mice, and it was higher in the duodenum than in the jejunum and ileum. However, the infected site in the intestine had no relation with worm expulsion. In the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice, the number of goblet cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.005). The number reached a peak 2 weeks after the infection and it even increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The increased number of goblet cells was retained 6 weeks after infection. The number of goblet cells was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice (P<0.01). These results indicate that goblet cells are related with the worm expulsion. Furthermore, immunohistostaining of the antral intestinal walls for lectin showed the significant increase of the number of goblet cells in the experimental group (P<0.001). The high infection rate in the duodenum was found during the early infection. An increased infection rate in the jejunum and ileum was found 3 weeks after infection and the infection rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, the present study indicates that goblet cells, rather than mast cells, may play critical roles in parasite expulsion.

C57BL/6 마우스의 연령에 따른 운동 및 TH면역반응 양성 신경세포의 변화에 대한MPTP의 효과

김재우,백선용,윤혜원 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.3

LL/2 Cells접종에 의한 C57 BL/6 Mouse 폐에서의 전이과정

김지현,이지영,김우갑,황우익,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Ji-Young,Kim, Woo-Kap,Hwang, Woo-Ik 한국현미경학회 1999 Applied microscopy Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 C57 BL/6 mouse의 폐가 기원인 LL/2 cell line을 이용하여 C57 BL/6 mouse의 폐에 인위적으로 전이를 유도하여 그 과정을 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였고, 형성된 암세포가 기존 폐포세포에 apoptosis를 유도하는지 여부를 in situ Apoptosis kit를 이용하여 살펴 보았다. in vitro에서 배양된 LL/2 cell과 이 LL/2 cell을 C57 BL/6 mouse 꼬리 정맥에 주사한 후 약 21일된 mouse 폐에서 관찰되는 암세포의 미세구조를 비교하면 방추형의 세포모양에서 난형 또는 구형의 모양으로 변한 것 외에 커다란 변화가 없었다. mouse 폐에서 암세포는 림프소절과 폐상피의 모세혈관주위에서 처음 나타났으며 왕성하게 세포분열하여 커다란 암세포 덩어리를 형성하였다. 암세포 덩어리 주변의 정상 폐조직은 광학현미경 관찰에서 폐포구조가 다소 납작해졌다. 그러나 투과전자현미경 관찰에서 세포 자체의 손상을 볼 수 없었으며 오히려 암세포 덩어리 안에서 기존 정상 폐포세포들이 관찰 되었다. 또한 커다란 암세포 덩어리 안에서 일부의 암세포들이 apoptosis되고 있었다. 주사 후 22일에서 호중성 백혈구가 폐포와 암세포주변에서 31일은 암세포덩어리안에서 혈소판과 함께 다량 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 LL/w cell은 C57 BL/6 mouse의 폐에 효과적으로 전이를 일으키며 왕성한 세포분열에 의해 커다란 암세포 덩어리를 형성한다. 이 암세포 덩어리가 커지면서 기존 폐포에 물리적인 압박을 주었으나 폐상피세포에서 apoptosis를 유도하지 않았다. 그러나 아주 커다랗게 형성된 암세포 덩어리에서 일부 암세포들이 띠를 이루면서 apoptosis되고 있었는데, 이는 암세포 덩어리가 커지는 만큼 형성되어야 할 혈관형성에 장애가 생긴 결과로 생각된다.분되었다. 6. 미세동맥의 외막은 섬유모세포의 아주 가느다란 돌기들로 형성되어 있었으며 군데군데 교원섬유들이 관찰되었다.acil을 투여하였을 경우, 초기 (4일)에는 발세포와 혈관사이막의 경우 mitomycin C 투여군에서와 비슷한 미세구조적 변화를 보였으나, 7일군에서는 거의 정상군의 소견과 비슷한 모습을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 콩팥토리를 비롯한 콩팥조직에 미치는 세포독성은 mitomycin C가 5-fluorouracil에 비하여 훨씬 더 강하기 때문이라고 생각된다.應)된 틸라피아의 제 2차(次) 아가미엽(葉)의 미세구조(微細構造)는 적응기간(適應期間) 동안 표면이 울퉁불퉁한 특징을 나타내었고, 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)에 의해서는 해수(海水)에 노출된 염분세포내(鹽分細胞內)에 길게 변형된 미토콘드리아가 관찰되었으며, 잘 발달된 cristae가 확인되었고, 담수(淡水)에 서식하던 개체의 염분세포(鹽分細胞)보다 그 수가 증가하였다. 이와같이 미토콘드리아가 풍부한 염분세포의 존재를 통해서 해수(海水)에 적응하는 동안 일어나는 저삼투압조절(低渗透壓調節) 작용(作用)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이라 사료된다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 대부분의 틸라피아는 신장(腎臟)의 보우만 주머니를 가득 채운 신사구체(腎絲球體)를 가지고 있으며, 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 수축은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체보다 10%o, 20%o, 30%o에 적응된 개체에서 훨씬 더 많이 발생되었고, 울혈현상(鬱血現象)은 10%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 Comparative differences between the fine structure of cultured LL/2 cell in vitro and tumor cells in vivo which were induced in the lung by inoculation of LL/2 cells to C57 BL/6 mouse via tail vein during 21 days are not observed except for cell configuration which was changed spindle shape into oval shape. At first tumor cells appeared at lymphatic nodules and around capillary in the lung. Tumor cells divided actively by mitosis, so they became tumor nodules. The pulmonary aveoli around tumor nodules were observed somewhat flattened in shape but the cells in the aveoli appeared to be in normal condition. Furthermore the normal lung cells were observed in the tumor nodules and some apoptotic tumor cells appeared in the large tumor nodules. A lot of neutropiles were observed in the aveoli and tumor nodules of C57 BL/6 mouse lung after inoculation 22 days and 31days.

꽃송이버섯 추출물이 제모된 C57BL/6 마우스의 모발성장 및 억제에 미치는 영향

류은미,신현재,나명순 한국피부과학연구원 2010 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Sparassis crispa is an edible and medicinal mushroom, which commonly called the cauliflower mushroom. S. crispa is known to be a good source of food and nutraceuticals due to their rich flavors and β-glucan contents as well as a good source of antiviral and anticancer compounds. However, there have been no report on the effect on hair growth stimulation and/or growth inhibition. C57BL/6 mice the most widely used lab mouse strain were used in this animal study due to their availability and the similar hair growth cycle to human hair. In this study, hair-removed five-year-old C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the effect of S. crispa extracts(70% ethanol) on hair growth stimulation and inhibition of the mice. The extracts and control compounds were topically treated once a day for 4 weeks. The hair growth was photographically and histologically examined during the total period of 4 weeks. Hair growth of the test group was a little inhibited compared to positive (3% minoxidil) and negative control groups (water and ethanol treated groups), respectively. The whole data showed little improvement of hair growth effect of S. crispa extracts but with no real statistical significance. These results suggest that S. crispa extract has little hair growth promoting activity and more works should be done to elucidate the inhibition mechanism. 본 연구는 최근 면역 및 항암활성 등 혈류 개선과 관련된 약리적 효과로 주목받고 있는 꽃송이버섯 추출물이 발모․양모 및 제모에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 실험동물을 통하여 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 실험군의 꽃송이버섯 추출물과 대조군의 무시료, 에탄올 70%, 버섯추출물, 미녹시딜 3%로 나누어 실험동물 C57BL/6 mouse(female)에 처리하였다. 실험시료에 따라 실험군과 대조군으로 나누어 총 5군을 실험에 이용하였다. 7주령 mouse의 등판을 제모한 뒤 4주(28일)동안 시료에 따른 양모효과를 육안적 관찰하였고, 경피 적출 후 조직학적인 검사를 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 털의 성장정도를 알아보기 위한 mouse 외형의 육안적 관찰결과, 실험군인 꽃송이버섯 추출물이 대조군의 버섯추출물, 에탄올, 무시료, 미녹시딜 보다 모발의 성장이 억제됨이 관찰되었다. 2. 4주(28일)째 mouse를 경추 도살하여 얻은 피부조직의 모낭형태를 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 실험군인 꽃송이버섯 추출물에서 대조군에 비해 모낭조직의 길이가 짧고 피부 위쪽에 위치하고 있었으며, 모낭내의 모근이 짧게 성장하여 피부의 표면으로 자라는 모낭 형태를 하고 있었다. 결론적으로 꽃송이버섯 추출물을 C57BL/6 mouse(female)의 등부위에 처리한 결과, 육안적 외형분석 및 조직학적 분석에서 실험군이 대조군보다 모발 성장이 억제되는 것으로 나타남에 따라 실험군인 꽃송이버섯 추출물은 모발 성장억제 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

지갈탕(枳葛湯)이 C57BL/6형 생쥐의 알코올섭취량에 미치는 영향

변순임 ( Soon Im Byun ),김성곤 ( Sung Gon Kim ),김종우 ( Jong Woo Kim ),황의완 ( Wei Wan Whang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2007 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective : This study was designed to test the anti-craving effect of Gigaltang(extracts of Oriental medicinal herbs ; Hovenia dulcis and Puerariae flos) in C57BL/6 mice. Anti-craving effect was substituted by alcohol intake amount of C57BL/6 mice.Method : 60 C57BL/6 mice was randomized into vehicle(water) group and Gigaltang group. Only 39(vehicle group(21) and Gigaltang group(18)) was eligible for this study, and 21 C57BL/6 mice was dropped out. The procedure was composed of 5 days of adjustment period and 32 days of alcohol exposure and withdrawal period with limited access paradigm and 10 days of treatment period. Alcohol was offered only for 2 hours a day from 2 to 4PM and water was offered for 22 hours left. Food was offered for 24 hours a day. 1140mg/Kg/day of Gigaltang was administrated to 18 mice of Gigaltang group for 10 days whereas water to 21 mice of vehicle group. The amount of alcohol intake, water intake, food intake, body weight were measured every other day. Result : There weren`t significant differences in 2 hours of alcohol intake, 22 hours of water intake, 24 hours of food intake and body weight for ten days between Gigaltang and vehicle group. Conclusion : Anti-craving effect of Gigaltang on C57BL/6 mice wasn`t verified. To verify the anti-craving effect, further study with advanced animal model, various dose of Gigaltang and diverse period of drug administration should be taken.

밀싹 에탄올 추출물의 C57BL/6 mouse에 대한 발모 효과

류은미,서관우,기근홍,신현재 한국피부과학연구원 2013 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.11 No.6

Exogeneous oxidative stress can cause rapid change of the hair follicles and melanocyte aging process, soit is an indicator of a programmed cell death (apoptosis) resulting in hair loss. In this study, effects of naturalantioxidants from wheat sprout extract on hair growth of C57BL/6 mouse (female) were evaluated. Wheatsprout and/or wheatgrass provides chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and enzymes. Thus it couldbe used for hair-promoting ingredients. Hydrophobic layers (80% ethanol, open column) of wheat sprout (fr. 5 and fr. 8) were used, with minoxidil (3%) on five patients as a positive control. With one week adaption, hairgrowth of 6-week old C57BL/6 mouse (female) was observed after 4 weeks of back hair removal. Transdermalextraction and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and toluidin blue staining of skin tissue were used beforeobservation with an optical microscope, which showed similar hair growth in the positive control minoxidil (3%)as wheat sprout (fr. 5), while slower in wheat sprout (fr. 8). The slaughtering cervical tissue at 4 weeks afterthe C57BL/6 mouse with wheat sprout (fr. 5) started the transition to growth. Hematoxylin & eosin stainedhistological analysis of wheat sprout (fr. 5) showed more follicles on the skin surface and smaller mast cells(shown with toluidin blue dye). In summary, wheat sprout extract (fr. 5) on C57BL/6 mouse in dermal applicationand histologic analysis promotes the hair growth, predicting an application of wheat sprout extract in a widerange of hair remedy products.

Studies on Production of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity C57BL/6NCrjBgi Mice

Chungtaek Han,Sanghoon Lee,Seungbin Lim,Hyunseok Kong,Soohyeon Kim,Sangkyun Lee,Jaejin Chang 한국실험동물학회 2006 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.22 No.3

To save researcher's animal room space, time and expense, we developed a standard protocol for production of diet induced obesity C57BL/6NCrjBgi mice. In this study, we evaluated general clinical signs, weekly body weight changes, weekly food intake, organ weights and glucose tolerance on male C57BL/6NCrjBgi mice fed high (D12451, Rodent Diet with 45 ㎉% fat, Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ; D-45 Group) and low (D12450B, Rodent Diet with 10 ㎉% fat; D-10 Group) fat diets for 16 weeks. The mean body weight of D-45 Group had significantly increased compared to D-10 Group as early as 1 week after initiation of diet. Food intake was not significantly different between two groups, but caloric intake and food efficiency ratio were significantly increased in D-45 Group. Absolute organ weights of spleen, liver, pancreas and kidneys in D-45 Group were significantly increased compared to D-10 Group. The significantly increased fat deposit in epididymal and perirenal area was found in D-45 Group. In glucose tolerance test, D-45 Group mice had glucose intolerance compared to D-10 Group mice. In summary, the first characterization data of C57BL/6NCrjBgi mice fed high fat diet for 16 weeks is very similar to the most frequently used C57BL/6J diet induced obesity (DIO) mouse model of Jackson Laboratory, USA.

C57BL/6 마우스에서 편백정유의 모발성장 효과

박영옥 ( Young Ok Park ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ) 대한미용학회 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.2

To evaluate the hair growth effect of Chamaecyparis obtusa oil (CO) in C57BL/6 mice, the animals were divided into three groups (fifteen mice each), which consisted of saline (SA) treatment group as the normal group, 3% minoxidil(MXD) treatment group as the positive control group and 3% CO treatment group as the experimental group. One hundredμL of the test solutions were topically applied to the backs of C57BL/6 mice once a day, 6 days a week, for 4 weeks. The backs of the mice were photographed for morphological observation and the hair growth was calculated by a scoring system. The hair growth effect in the MXD and CO groups was observed to be remarkably higher compared to the SA group. In order to observe histological changes, hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue stains were used. The results showed that the hair follicle (HF) number and depth and dermal thickness in the MXD and CO groups were significantly (p/0.001) increased, as compared to the SA group, also the number of mast cells was gradually decreased. Taking all the results together, CO showed effects on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice according to morphological and histological observations.

Comparison of young male mice of two different strains (C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J) in selected behavior tests: a small scale study

Kristine Eraker Aasland Hansen,Alexandra M. Hudecová,Fred Haugen,Eystein Skjerve,Erik Ropstad,Karin E. Zimmer 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.4

Background: All mouse strains are different, before choosing a strain for a large study, a small scale study should be done. In this study, we compared young males of two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J, and gained knowledge on their performance in three different behavioral tests; open field (OF) test, Barnes maze (BM) test and a restraint stress test. Results: We found that the young males of the C57BL/6J strain spent more time moving in the OF. In the BM, the hybrid covered less ground before reaching the goal box during the first three sessions, than the C57BL/6J. The hybrid left more fecal pellets than C57BL/6J both in OF and BM. During the stress test, the C57BL/6J had a lower corticosterone response than the hybrid. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the C57BL/6J has a presumably higher locomotor activity and/or explorative behavior than the hybrid, while the hybrid appeared more sensitive to stress.