Comparative analysis of restraint stress-induced depressive-like phenotypes in C57BL/6N mice derived from three different sources

황동주,권기천,황대연,서민수,김길수,정영석,조준용 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.3

C57BL/6NKorl mice are a novel mouse stock recently developed by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation in Korea. Extensive research into the nature of C57BL/6NKorl mice is being conducted. However, there is no scientific evidence for the phenotypic response to restraint stress (RST), a stress paradigm for modeling depressive disorders, in rodents. In this study, we investigated the repeated RST-induced depressive-like phenotypes in C57BL/6 N mouse substrains (viz., C57BL/6NKorl mice from Korea, C57BL/6NA mice from the United States, and C57BL/6NB mice from Japan) obtained from different sources. The results showed that C57BL/6 N mice derived from various sources exposed to repeated RST resulted in depressive-like phenotypes reflected by a similar degree of behavioral modification and susceptibility to oxidative stress in a duration-dependent manner, except for the distinctive features (increased body weight (BW) and tolerance to the suppression of BW gain by exposure to repeated RST) in C57BL/6NKorl mice. Taken together, the duration-dependent alteration in depressive-like phenotypes by repeated exposure to RST observed in this study may provide valuable insights into the nature of C57BL/6NKorl mice as an alternative animal resource for better understanding of the etiology of depressive disorders and the mechanisms of antidepressant actions.

Reaction of Mast Cells and Goblet Cells in the Small Intestine of C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN Mice Infected with Echinostoma hortense

Park Kyeong-Yeol,Lee Kyu-Jae,Kim In-Sik,Yang Eun-Ju,Lim Su-jung,Lim Byung-Hyuk,Ryang Yong-Suk The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Scien 2005 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.11 No.3

Mast cells and goblet cells have been known to protect the host against parasites. In this study, we examined the response of the mast cells and goblet cells over a period of 6 weeks in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice infected with Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense). In addition, we investigated whether the worm recovery rate of uninfected mice (the control group) or E. hortense-infected mice (the experimental group) was associated with the number of mast cells and goblet cells. The worm recovery rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. The number of goblet cells significantly increased in the experimental group of the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice compared with the control group of both strains (P<0.005). Worm recovery peaked 3 weeks after the infection of the C57BL/6 mice and at 2 weeks after the infection of the C3H/HeN mice, and it was higher in the duodenum than in the jejunum and ileum. However, the infected site in the intestine had no relation with worm expulsion. In the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice, the number of goblet cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.005). The number reached a peak 2 weeks after the infection and it even increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The increased number of goblet cells was retained 6 weeks after infection. The number of goblet cells was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice (P<0.01). These results indicate that goblet cells are related with the worm expulsion. Furthermore, immunohistostaining of the antral intestinal walls for lectin showed the significant increase of the number of goblet cells in the experimental group (P<0.001). The high infection rate in the duodenum was found during the early infection. An increased infection rate in the jejunum and ileum was found 3 weeks after infection and the infection rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, the present study indicates that goblet cells, rather than mast cells, may play critical roles in parasite expulsion.

C57BL/6 마우스의 연령에 따른 운동 및 TH면역반응 양성 신경세포의 변화에 대한MPTP의 효과

김재우,백선용,윤혜원 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.3

지갈탕(枳葛湯)이 C57BL/6형 생쥐의 알코올섭취량에 미치는 영향

변순임 ( Soon Im Byun ),김성곤 ( Sung Gon Kim ),김종우 ( Jong Woo Kim ),황의완 ( Wei Wan Whang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2007 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective : This study was designed to test the anti-craving effect of Gigaltang(extracts of Oriental medicinal herbs ; Hovenia dulcis and Puerariae flos) in C57BL/6 mice. Anti-craving effect was substituted by alcohol intake amount of C57BL/6 mice.Method : 60 C57BL/6 mice was randomized into vehicle(water) group and Gigaltang group. Only 39(vehicle group(21) and Gigaltang group(18)) was eligible for this study, and 21 C57BL/6 mice was dropped out. The procedure was composed of 5 days of adjustment period and 32 days of alcohol exposure and withdrawal period with limited access paradigm and 10 days of treatment period. Alcohol was offered only for 2 hours a day from 2 to 4PM and water was offered for 22 hours left. Food was offered for 24 hours a day. 1140mg/Kg/day of Gigaltang was administrated to 18 mice of Gigaltang group for 10 days whereas water to 21 mice of vehicle group. The amount of alcohol intake, water intake, food intake, body weight were measured every other day. Result : There weren`t significant differences in 2 hours of alcohol intake, 22 hours of water intake, 24 hours of food intake and body weight for ten days between Gigaltang and vehicle group. Conclusion : Anti-craving effect of Gigaltang on C57BL/6 mice wasn`t verified. To verify the anti-craving effect, further study with advanced animal model, various dose of Gigaltang and diverse period of drug administration should be taken.

꽃송이버섯 추출물이 제모된 C57BL/6 마우스의 모발성장 및 억제에 미치는 영향

류은미,신현재,나명순 한국피부과학연구원 2010 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Sparassis crispa is an edible and medicinal mushroom, which commonly called the cauliflower mushroom. S. crispa is known to be a good source of food and nutraceuticals due to their rich flavors and β-glucan contents as well as a good source of antiviral and anticancer compounds. However, there have been no report on the effect on hair growth stimulation and/or growth inhibition. C57BL/6 mice the most widely used lab mouse strain were used in this animal study due to their availability and the similar hair growth cycle to human hair. In this study, hair-removed five-year-old C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the effect of S. crispa extracts(70% ethanol) on hair growth stimulation and inhibition of the mice. The extracts and control compounds were topically treated once a day for 4 weeks. The hair growth was photographically and histologically examined during the total period of 4 weeks. Hair growth of the test group was a little inhibited compared to positive (3% minoxidil) and negative control groups (water and ethanol treated groups), respectively. The whole data showed little improvement of hair growth effect of S. crispa extracts but with no real statistical significance. These results suggest that S. crispa extract has little hair growth promoting activity and more works should be done to elucidate the inhibition mechanism. 본 연구는 최근 면역 및 항암활성 등 혈류 개선과 관련된 약리적 효과로 주목받고 있는 꽃송이버섯 추출물이 발모․양모 및 제모에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 실험동물을 통하여 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 실험군의 꽃송이버섯 추출물과 대조군의 무시료, 에탄올 70%, 버섯추출물, 미녹시딜 3%로 나누어 실험동물 C57BL/6 mouse(female)에 처리하였다. 실험시료에 따라 실험군과 대조군으로 나누어 총 5군을 실험에 이용하였다. 7주령 mouse의 등판을 제모한 뒤 4주(28일)동안 시료에 따른 양모효과를 육안적 관찰하였고, 경피 적출 후 조직학적인 검사를 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 털의 성장정도를 알아보기 위한 mouse 외형의 육안적 관찰결과, 실험군인 꽃송이버섯 추출물이 대조군의 버섯추출물, 에탄올, 무시료, 미녹시딜 보다 모발의 성장이 억제됨이 관찰되었다. 2. 4주(28일)째 mouse를 경추 도살하여 얻은 피부조직의 모낭형태를 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 실험군인 꽃송이버섯 추출물에서 대조군에 비해 모낭조직의 길이가 짧고 피부 위쪽에 위치하고 있었으며, 모낭내의 모근이 짧게 성장하여 피부의 표면으로 자라는 모낭 형태를 하고 있었다. 결론적으로 꽃송이버섯 추출물을 C57BL/6 mouse(female)의 등부위에 처리한 결과, 육안적 외형분석 및 조직학적 분석에서 실험군이 대조군보다 모발 성장이 억제되는 것으로 나타남에 따라 실험군인 꽃송이버섯 추출물은 모발 성장억제 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

Comparison of young male mice of two different strains (C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J) in selected behavior tests: a small scale study

Kristine Eraker Aasland Hansen,Alexandra M. Hudecová,Fred Haugen,Eystein Skjerve,Erik Ropstad,Karin E. Zimmer 한국실험동물학회 2022 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.38 No.4

Background: All mouse strains are different, before choosing a strain for a large study, a small scale study should be done. In this study, we compared young males of two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and the hybrid B6129SF1/J, and gained knowledge on their performance in three different behavioral tests; open field (OF) test, Barnes maze (BM) test and a restraint stress test. Results: We found that the young males of the C57BL/6J strain spent more time moving in the OF. In the BM, the hybrid covered less ground before reaching the goal box during the first three sessions, than the C57BL/6J. The hybrid left more fecal pellets than C57BL/6J both in OF and BM. During the stress test, the C57BL/6J had a lower corticosterone response than the hybrid. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the C57BL/6J has a presumably higher locomotor activity and/or explorative behavior than the hybrid, while the hybrid appeared more sensitive to stress.

샌달우드 오일이 탈모 모델 C57BL/6 마우스의모발성장 양상에 미치는 영향

이복순 ( Bok Soon Lee ) 대한미용학회 2014 대한미용학회지 Vol.10 No.4

The purpose of the current study was to observe the effects of sandalwood oil (SO) on hair growth status changes asassessed by gross and histological analyses in a C57BL/6 mouse model of alopecia. C57BL/6 mice were randomized intoeither a normal group (N: saline), a positive control group (PC: 3% minoxidil), or an experimental group (E: 3% SO). SO(100 꺤L) was applied topically to the backs of mice once daily for 5 days a week over a 4-week period, and hair growthstatus changes were observed during 16 weeks. Study results revealed that the hair growth effect in the PC and E groupswas significantly greater as compared to the N group. At week 10, mice in the N group showed 13% hair loss as comparedto week 7, while mice in the both the PC and E groups showed 23% hair growth (both p.0.001). Hematoxylin and eosinstains were used for the histological analyses of skin tissues. During 16 weeks, hair follicle (HF) number, HF depth, anddermal thickness in the PC and E groups were significantly increased as compared to the N group. Additionally, thenumbers of mast cells in the PC and E groups at weeks 4 and 16 were significantly decreased as compared to the N group. In conclusion, SO, like 3% minoxidil, promoted hair growth, maintained an anagen phase, and delayed the transition tothe catagen phase in a C57BL/6 mouse model of alopecia.

밀싹 에탄올 추출물의 C57BL/6 mouse에 대한 발모 효과

류은미,서관우,기근홍,신현재 한국피부과학연구원 2013 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.11 No.6

Exogeneous oxidative stress can cause rapid change of the hair follicles and melanocyte aging process, soit is an indicator of a programmed cell death (apoptosis) resulting in hair loss. In this study, effects of naturalantioxidants from wheat sprout extract on hair growth of C57BL/6 mouse (female) were evaluated. Wheatsprout and/or wheatgrass provides chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and enzymes. Thus it couldbe used for hair-promoting ingredients. Hydrophobic layers (80% ethanol, open column) of wheat sprout (fr. 5 and fr. 8) were used, with minoxidil (3%) on five patients as a positive control. With one week adaption, hairgrowth of 6-week old C57BL/6 mouse (female) was observed after 4 weeks of back hair removal. Transdermalextraction and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and toluidin blue staining of skin tissue were used beforeobservation with an optical microscope, which showed similar hair growth in the positive control minoxidil (3%)as wheat sprout (fr. 5), while slower in wheat sprout (fr. 8). The slaughtering cervical tissue at 4 weeks afterthe C57BL/6 mouse with wheat sprout (fr. 5) started the transition to growth. Hematoxylin & eosin stainedhistological analysis of wheat sprout (fr. 5) showed more follicles on the skin surface and smaller mast cells(shown with toluidin blue dye). In summary, wheat sprout extract (fr. 5) on C57BL/6 mouse in dermal applicationand histologic analysis promotes the hair growth, predicting an application of wheat sprout extract in a widerange of hair remedy products.

C57BL/6 마우스에서 편백정유의 모발성장 효과

박영옥 ( Young Ok Park ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ) 대한미용학회 2013 대한미용학회지 Vol.9 No.2

To evaluate the hair growth effect of Chamaecyparis obtusa oil (CO) in C57BL/6 mice, the animals were divided into three groups (fifteen mice each), which consisted of saline (SA) treatment group as the normal group, 3% minoxidil(MXD) treatment group as the positive control group and 3% CO treatment group as the experimental group. One hundredμL of the test solutions were topically applied to the backs of C57BL/6 mice once a day, 6 days a week, for 4 weeks. The backs of the mice were photographed for morphological observation and the hair growth was calculated by a scoring system. The hair growth effect in the MXD and CO groups was observed to be remarkably higher compared to the SA group. In order to observe histological changes, hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue stains were used. The results showed that the hair follicle (HF) number and depth and dermal thickness in the MXD and CO groups were significantly (p/0.001) increased, as compared to the SA group, also the number of mast cells was gradually decreased. Taking all the results together, CO showed effects on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice according to morphological and histological observations.

Studies on Production of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity C57BL/6NCrjBgi Mice

Chungtaek Han,Sanghoon Lee,Seungbin Lim,Hyunseok Kong,Soohyeon Kim,Sangkyun Lee,Jaejin Chang 한국실험동물학회 2006 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.22 No.3

To save researcher's animal room space, time and expense, we developed a standard protocol for production of diet induced obesity C57BL/6NCrjBgi mice. In this study, we evaluated general clinical signs, weekly body weight changes, weekly food intake, organ weights and glucose tolerance on male C57BL/6NCrjBgi mice fed high (D12451, Rodent Diet with 45 ㎉% fat, Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ; D-45 Group) and low (D12450B, Rodent Diet with 10 ㎉% fat; D-10 Group) fat diets for 16 weeks. The mean body weight of D-45 Group had significantly increased compared to D-10 Group as early as 1 week after initiation of diet. Food intake was not significantly different between two groups, but caloric intake and food efficiency ratio were significantly increased in D-45 Group. Absolute organ weights of spleen, liver, pancreas and kidneys in D-45 Group were significantly increased compared to D-10 Group. The significantly increased fat deposit in epididymal and perirenal area was found in D-45 Group. In glucose tolerance test, D-45 Group mice had glucose intolerance compared to D-10 Group mice. In summary, the first characterization data of C57BL/6NCrjBgi mice fed high fat diet for 16 weeks is very similar to the most frequently used C57BL/6J diet induced obesity (DIO) mouse model of Jackson Laboratory, USA.