폐격리증의 임상양상

남가연,박희주 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회 2008 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.18 No.1

Purpose:Pulmonary sequestration is characterized by a mass of non-functioning pulmonary tissue lacking normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree and receiving an aberrant systemic arterial blood supply. Two types have been described:intralobar and extralobar. Symptoms vary from the incidental finding of a mass to recurrent bronchitis or pneumonia, chest pain and hemoptysis. In this study, we evaluated clinical features and outcomes of pulmonary sequestration. Methods:The records of the patients diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration by thoracic computerized tomography and aortography between January 1997 and July 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Results:Fourteen patients (6 males and 8 females) with an median age of 5.5 years in children, 35 years in adults were diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration. Nine patients had clinical symptoms including recurrent respiratory infections, chest pain and hemoptysis. Six patients were symptom free. The aberrant arteries originated from descending thoracic aorta in 12 cases, abdominal aorta in 2 cases, inferior phrenic artery in 1 case. Thirteen patients received surgical operations with open thorax in 11 patients and with video-assisted thoracotomy surgery (VATs) in 2 cases recently diagnosed. Eleven cases (84.6%) were found to be of intralobar type and 2 cases (15.4%) were of extralobar type. One patient had bilateral pulmonary sequestration. All patients with preoperative symptoms improved after surgical treatment. Conclusion:The patients who presented with recurrent pneumonia in the same site, hemoptysis and chest pain should be studied to rule out pulmonary sequestration. Purpose:Pulmonary sequestration is characterized by a mass of non-functioning pulmonary tissue lacking normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree and receiving an aberrant systemic arterial blood supply. Two types have been described:intralobar and extralobar. Symptoms vary from the incidental finding of a mass to recurrent bronchitis or pneumonia, chest pain and hemoptysis. In this study, we evaluated clinical features and outcomes of pulmonary sequestration. Methods:The records of the patients diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration by thoracic computerized tomography and aortography between January 1997 and July 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Results:Fourteen patients (6 males and 8 females) with an median age of 5.5 years in children, 35 years in adults were diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration. Nine patients had clinical symptoms including recurrent respiratory infections, chest pain and hemoptysis. Six patients were symptom free. The aberrant arteries originated from descending thoracic aorta in 12 cases, abdominal aorta in 2 cases, inferior phrenic artery in 1 case. Thirteen patients received surgical operations with open thorax in 11 patients and with video-assisted thoracotomy surgery (VATs) in 2 cases recently diagnosed. Eleven cases (84.6%) were found to be of intralobar type and 2 cases (15.4%) were of extralobar type. One patient had bilateral pulmonary sequestration. All patients with preoperative symptoms improved after surgical treatment. Conclusion:The patients who presented with recurrent pneumonia in the same site, hemoptysis and chest pain should be studied to rule out pulmonary sequestration.

에디 공분산 및 자동화 토양챔버 시스템을 이용한 탄소 플럭스 관측 기반 태화산 57년생 잣나무조림지의 탄소흡수능력 평가

이호진 ( Hojin Lee ),주형준 ( Hyungjun Ju ),전지현 ( Jihyeon Jeon ),이민수 ( Minsu Lee ),서상욱 ( Sang-uk Suh ),김현석 ( Hyun Seok Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.4

산림은 육상생태계에서 가장 큰 탄소흡수원으로 기후변화 대응에 있어 산림의 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도 저감 역할은 중요하다. 최근 ‘2050 탄소중립 계획’에 산림의 탄소흡수 기능의 강화가 기본 방향으로 제시되면서 정확한 산림의 탄소흡수량 산정이 강조되고 있다. 산림부문의 탄소흡수량은 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 지침을 따라 산림 내 생물량, 고사목, 임상 유기물층, 토양층, 수확된 목재제품 등 여러 탄소 저장고 내 탄소축적 변화량으로부터 산정한다. 그러나 국내 산림의 경우 하층 식생을 제외한 주요 수종의 임목 재적 증가로부터 추정한 생물량 증가량만을 산림의 탄소흡수량으로 산정하고 있어 실제 산림의 탄소흡수량과 큰 차이가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경기도 광주시 태화산에 위치한 57년생 잣나무 조림지에서 에디 공분산 시스템과 자동화 토양챔버 시스템을 이용한 탄소 플럭스 관측을 통해 산림의 탄소 교환량 및 순 탄소흡수량을 정량화하고, 이를 현재 산림의 탄소흡수량 산정 방법에 따라 법정림 임분수확표 내 연평균 생장량과 국가 고유계수를 이용하여 계산한 잣나무 조림지 임목의 생물량 증가량과 비교하였다. 또한 탄소 플럭스 관측 기반의 순 탄소흡수량과 잣나무 조림지의 생물량 증가량 및 임상 유기물층의 탄소저장 변화량 등의 차이로부터 나머지 탄소 저장고에서 연간 탄소저장 변화량을 추정하였다. 그 결과 탄소 플럭스로부터 계산한 잣나무 조림지의 연간 순 탄소흡수량은 5.96 MgC ha^-1으로 생물량 증가로부터 계산한 임목의 연간 탄소흡수량 2.77 MgC ha^-1보다 약 2.2배 많았다. 연간 임상 유기물층의 탄소저장 변화량은 0.75 MgC ha^-1로 추정되어, 연간 하층 식생, 고사목, 토양층 등의 탄소 저장고로 유입되는 탄소의 양이 2.45 MgC ha^-1으로 추정되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 산림이 현재 평가 수준보다 더 큰 탄소흡수원임을 보여주며, 탄소 플럭스 관측과 더불어 하층 식생, 고사목, 토양층 등의 탄소 저장고에서 탄소축적 변화량의 정량화를 통해 더욱 정확한 산림부문 탄소흡수량 산정이 필요함을 시사한다. Forests are the largest carbon (C) sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Recently, as enhancing forest C sequestration capacity has been proposed as a basic direction of the Republic of Korea’s “2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy,” accurate estimation of forest C sequestration has been emphasized. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines, sequestration quantity is calculated from changes in C stocks in forest C pools, such as biomass, deadwood, litter and soil layer, and harvested wood products. However, in Korea, only the overstory biomass increase is now considered the amount of sequestration quantity, so there can be a significant difference from the actual forest C sequestration. In this study, we quantified forest C exchange through C flux measurement using an eddy covariance system and an automated soil chamber system in a 57-year-old Korean pine plantation located in Mt. Taehwa, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do. Then, the net amount of C sequestration was compared with the amount of the overstory biomass increase. We estimated the annual C stock change in the remaining C pools by comparing the net sequestration amount from the C flux measurement with the overstory biomass increase and C stock change in the litter layer. Therefore, the net C sequestration of the Korean pine plantation estimated from the flux measurement was 5.96 MgC ha^-1, which was about 2.2 times greater than 2.77 MgC ha^-1 of the overstory biomass increase. The annual C stock increase in the litter layer was estimated to be 0.75 MgC ha^-1, resulting in a total annual C stock increase of 2.45 MgC ha^-1 in the remaining C pools. Our results indicate that the domestic forest is a larger C sink than the current methods, implying that more accurate calculations of the C sequestration capacity are necessary to quantify C stock changes in C pools along with the C flux measurement.

Changing C-N Interactions in the Forest Floor under Chronic N Deposition: Implications for Forest C Sequestration

박지형 한국생태학회 2008 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.31 No.3

Atmospheric N deposition has far-reaching impacts on forest ecosystems, including on-site impacts such as soil acidification, fertilization, and nutrient imbalances, and off-site environmental impacts such as nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission. Although chronic N deposition has been believed to lead to forest N saturation, recent evidence suggests that N retention capacity, particularly in the forest floor, can be surprisingly high even under high N deposition. This review aims to provide an overview of N retention processes in the forest floor and the implications of changing C-N interactions for C sequestration. The fate of available N in forest soils has been explained by the competitive balance between tree roots, soil heterotrophs, and nitrifiers. However, high rates of N retention have been observed in numerous N addition experiments without noticeable increases in tree growth and soil respiration. Alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain the gap between the input and loss of N in N-enriched, C-limited systems, including abiotic immobilization and mycorrhizal assimilation, both of which do not require additional C sources to incorporate N in soil N pools. Different fates of N in the forest floor have different implications for C sequestration. N-induced tree growth can enhance C accumulation in tree biomass as observed across temperate regions. C loss from forests can amount to or outweigh C gain in N-saturated, declining forests, while another type of ‘C-N decoupling’ can have positive or neutral effects on soil C sequestration through hampered organic matter decomposition or abiotic N immobilization, respectively. Atmospheric N deposition has far-reaching impacts on forest ecosystems, including on-site impacts such as soil acidification, fertilization, and nutrient imbalances, and off-site environmental impacts such as nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission. Although chronic N deposition has been believed to lead to forest N saturation, recent evidence suggests that N retention capacity, particularly in the forest floor, can be surprisingly high even under high N deposition. This review aims to provide an overview of N retention processes in the forest floor and the implications of changing C-N interactions for C sequestration. The fate of available N in forest soils has been explained by the competitive balance between tree roots, soil heterotrophs, and nitrifiers. However, high rates of N retention have been observed in numerous N addition experiments without noticeable increases in tree growth and soil respiration. Alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain the gap between the input and loss of N in N-enriched, C-limited systems, including abiotic immobilization and mycorrhizal assimilation, both of which do not require additional C sources to incorporate N in soil N pools. Different fates of N in the forest floor have different implications for C sequestration. N-induced tree growth can enhance C accumulation in tree biomass as observed across temperate regions. C loss from forests can amount to or outweigh C gain in N-saturated, declining forests, while another type of ‘C-N decoupling’ can have positive or neutral effects on soil C sequestration through hampered organic matter decomposition or abiotic N immobilization, respectively.

폐격리증 21례에 대한 수술 치험

심성보 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1995 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.28 No.6

A total of 21 patients with pulmonary sequestration who had undergone surgical treatment were reviewed at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery of catholic university medical college from May 1983 through May 1993. The pulmonary sequestration was intralobar in 19 patients, and extralobar in 2 patients. There were 17 woman and 4 man ranging of age from 17 months to 48 years with a mean age of 21.3 years. Clinical manifestations were varied from no symptom[3 cases to recurrent pneumonia[15 cases , and hemoptysis[3 cases . Preoperative diagnosis was correct in only 6 cases[29% of the 21 patients of pulmonary sequestration . The left lower lobe[11 cases is most often affected in intralobar sequestration. The aberrant artery in intralobar sequestration originated in 13 cases[68% of 19 cases from descending aorta. 15 of the 19 patients of intralobar type underwent lobectomy. The extralobar sequestration[2 cases were simply excised. There was no mortality and no complication.

Carbon sequestrating fertilizers as a tool for carbon sequestration in agriculture under aridisols

Tahir Mukkram Ali,Hamza Ameer,Noor-us-Sabah,Hussain Sajad,Xie Zuoming,Brestic Marian,Rastogi Anshu,Allakhverdiev Suleyman I.,Sarwar Ghulam 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.7

Carbon is a part of all living creatures and it is the chief constructing block for life on this planet carbon occurs in several appearances, mainly as plant biomass, organic matter in soil, as gas CO2 in the air and dissipated in seawater. Soil carbon exhausts when production of carbon increases than carbon contribution. Soil comprises nearly 75% of total carbon existing on land, more than the quantity stockpiled in living animals and plants. So, soil plays a major part in maintaining a stable carbon cycle. Over the previous 150-year-period, the quantity of carbon present in the air has amplified by 30%. Majority of scientists thought that there is a straight relationship amongst amplified levels of CO2 in the air and increasing global warming. One anticipated technique to diminish atmospheric CO2 is to escalate the global packing of carbon in soils. Therefore, there is a necessity to manage soils because soil comprises more inorganic carbon as compared to the atmosphere and more organic carbon as compared to the biosphere. Soil is also thought to be a lively and important constituent in global carbon discharge and potential of sequestration. Carbon sequestration, known commonly as C-storage, can be acquired by different controlling practices, and the size of various management techniques, to enhance C-storage of soil and offer a key basin for atmospheric CO2, can be assessed most persuasively from studies conducted over long time that underwrite exclusive data on soil C accumulation, losses and storage. Sequestration happens when input of carbon enhances as compared to output of carbon. Soil carbon sequestration is the method of relocating CO2 from the air in to the soil with crop leftover and additional organic solids and in a configuration that is not instantly emitted back to the atmosphere. This review focused on beneficial role of carbon sequestrating fertilizers (press mud, boiler ash and compost) in carbon sequestration and soil properties.

폐 격리증의 임상적 특성

오광택(Kwang Taek Oh),김연수(Yeon Soo Kim),김병철(Byung Cheol Kim),문두섭(Doo Seop Moon),이동석(Dong Suck Lee),이경상(Kyung Sang Lee),양석철(Suck Chul Yang),윤호주(Ho Joo Yoon),신동호(Dong Ho Shin),박성수(Sung Soo Park),이정희(Jung H 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

Objectives: Pulmonary sequestration is a relatively rare congenital anomaly. It is a cystic mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue which lacks an obvious communication with the tracheobronchial tree and which receives all or most of its arterial blood supply from anomalous systemic vessels. It has a wide spectrum of various clinical manifestations. But high index of suspicion of sequestration with the aid of characteristic recurrent and longstanding symptoms, its location and invasive or non-invasive diagnostic tools is the key to early diagnosis and successful treatment. So we performed this clinical study to evaluate clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods of pulmonary sequestration. Methods: We reviewed eight cases of pulmonary sequestration seen during the period from 1982 to 1995 retrospectively to define the anatomical, clinical and radiologic features. Results: 1) The eight cases ranged in age from 11 to 35 years and show an even distribution within age decades. Sex ratio of male to female was a 1:1.67. 2) The presenting complaints were symptoms of local recurrent pulmonary infection. And also revealed unique chest pain or no any symptoms. 3) Plain X-ray findings were solitary nodules in three cases, pneumonic infiltration in two cases and cystic mass with air-fluid level, multiloculated cystic mass and solitary large cystic mass in each of the remaining three cases. 4) Preoperative diagnoses were possible in 5 cases and the other diagnoses were lung cancer in two cases and lung abscess in one case. 5) The seven cases were intralobar type and one case was extralobar type. Their location was in the lower lobe of the lung in seven cases and right upper lobe in one case. Among eight cases, the sequestrated lobe was located bilaterally in one case and the others were located unilaterally with a 2.5:1 Rt/Lt ratio. 6) Associated anomalies were esophageal cyst and bronchogenic cyst in two cases. 7) All cases were treated with lobectomy and extirpation without complication. Conclusion: We reviewed eight cases of pulmonary sequestration and its literature. These data reveal that pulmonary sequestration shows variable but characteristic clinical and radiological features. Therefore, a high index of suspicion about its characteristic clinical and radiologic features can provide us a change of early diagnosis and proper treatment of pulmonary sequestration.

페로니켈 슬래그로 부터 제조된 Mg(OH)₂를 이용한 CO₂ 고정화

송호양(Hao-Yang Song),서종범(Jong-Beom Seo),강성규(Seong-Kuy Kang),김인득(In-Deuk Kim),최봉욱(Bong-Wook Choi),오광중(Kwang-Joong Oh) 한국청정기술학회 2014 청정기술 Vol.20 No.1

폐격리증 : 2례 보고 2 cases

김연수,류지윤,김욱성,장우익,김한성 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.2

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung disease. It is classified as intrapulmonary sequestration, having own visceral pleura, and extrapulmoanry sequestration, not having own visceral pleura. We experienced two cases of intrapulmonary pulmonary sequestration. Two cases were developed in right lower lobe of lung. A 31 year old man had coughing, sputum, and febrile sensation for 2 months. He had antituberculosis medication because he was misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculucosis. The sequestrated lung was supplied by systemic artery originated from descending thoracic aorta. Another 58-year-old woman had symptoms of recurrent upper respiratory infection occurring over a seven-year period. We couldn't find aberrant artery form 2nd case. We performed lobectomy in two cases and patients were treated successfully without complication.

산전 진단된 폐외분리증 2예

김현영,손동우,김석영,김지은,하승연,Kim, Hyun-Young,Son, Dong-Woo,Kim, Seok-Yong,Kim, Jee-Eun,Ha, Seung-Yeon 대한소아외과학회 2009 소아외과 Vol.15 No.2

Congenital thoracic malformations such as intra- and extra-pulmonary sequestration, cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, malinosculation, bronchogenic cyst, reduplication cyst, and foregut cyst are frequently detected on routine prenatal ultrasound. There are some controversies about treatment for postnatally persistent pulmonary sequestration. Some authors recommend expectant long term follow up but most authors advocate elective surgical excision because of complication such as respiratory distress, infection, intrathoracic bleeding, haemoptysis, cardiac failure, and potential risk of malignancy. We experienced 2 cases of prenatally diagnosed extrapulmonary sequestration which were located in the subdiaphragmatic retroperitoneum. Resections were performed at 2 months and 4 months of age using intraabdominal approach. There were no complications. In conclusion, if the prenatally diagnosed extrapulmonary sequestration remained postnatally, early operation might reduce morbidity related to extrapulmonary sequestration and parental anxiety without any postoperative complication.

Calculating carbon mass balance from unsaturated soil columns treated with CaSO₄-minerals: Test of soil carbon sequestration

Han, Young-Soo,Tokunaga, Tetsu K. Elsevier 2014 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Renewed interest in managing C balance in soils is motivated by increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO<SUB>2</SUB> and consequent climate change. Here, experiments were conducted in soil columns to determine C mass balances with and without addition of CaSO<SUB>4</SUB>-minerals (anhydrite and gypsum), which were hypothesized to promote soil organic carbon (SOC) retention and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) precipitation as calcite under slightly alkaline conditions. Changes in C contents in three phases (gas, liquid and solid) were measured in unsaturated soil columns tested for one year and comprehensive C mass balances were determined. The tested soil columns had no C inputs, and only C utilization by microbial activity and C transformations were assumed in the C chemistry. The measurements showed that changes in C inventories occurred through two processes, SOC loss and SIC gain. However, the measured SOC losses in the treated columns were lower than their corresponding control columns, indicating that the amendments promoted SOC retention. The SOC losses resulted mostly from microbial respiration and loss of CO<SUB>2</SUB> to the atmosphere rather than from chemical leaching. Microbial oxidation of SOC appears to have been suppressed by increased Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2</SUP> <SUP>−</SUP> from dissolution of CaSO<SUB>4</SUB> minerals. For the conditions tested, SIC accumulation per m<SUP>2</SUP> soil area under CaSO<SUB>4</SUB>-treatment ranged from 130 to 260gCm<SUP>−1</SUP> infiltrated water (20–120gCm<SUP>−1</SUP> infiltrated water as net C benefit). These results demonstrate the potential for increasing C sequestration in slightly alkaline soils via CaSO<SUB>4</SUB>-treatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Soil carbon mass balance was calculated in an unsaturated soil column. </LI> <LI> Soil amendment with CaSO<SUB>4</SUB>-minerals works for carbon sequestration. </LI> <LI> Main carbon sequestration resulted from organic carbon retention. </LI> <LI> Precipitated calcite can be considered as a carbon sink in this study. </LI> <LI> CaSO<SUB>4</SUB>-soil amendment is proved as a effective carbon sequestration method. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>