Bumper shape design for pedestrian safety

Tso-Liang Teng,Cho-Chung Liang,Tuan-Anh Vu 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.7

The main cause of leg injuries is the bumper during car-pedestrian accidents. Bumper geometry and bumper material have the greatest effect on pedestrian leg injury. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bumper shape on pedestrian leg injuries. This study uses three bumper shapes on three car models to evaluate the effects of bumper geometry on pedestrian leg injury: A Ford Taurus, Dodge Intrepid, and Dodge-Neon. Then, based on the results of the impact between legform and bumper, this study chooses the best bumper shape that results in the least injury to the pedestrian’s leg. The second objective of this study is to design a new bumper. Using some conclusions regarding the effects of bumper shape on the pedestrian leg injuries, a new pedestrian-friendly bumper was designed. This bumper satisfies EEVC/WG17 safety requirements regarding pedestrian leg injuries. The analyzed models and results obtained could help evaluate pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future designing and development of pedestrian friendly vehicle technologies.

A development of simple analysis model on bumper barrier impact and new IIHS bumper impact using the dynamically equivalent beam approach

Dong-Kyou Park 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.12

This paper presents a simple analysis model for bumper barrier impact and new IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) bumper impact instead of a non-linear finite element impact analysis. A dynamically equivalent beam approach was introduced to simplify the non-linear dynamic bumper impact. For a bumper barrier impact, the equivalent curved-beam element was substituted for the bumper beam and the bumper foam. For a new IIHS bumper impact, a modified curved-beam element of bumper barrier impact considering the effect of contoured new IIHS impact barrier was used. The accuracy of this simple analysis model was tested by comparing its results with those of the non-linear finite element analysis. Tested bumper beam types were press type beam and roll forming beam used widely in the current car bumpers. The maximum displacement error between the two models did not exceed 1.95% for a barrier impact and 13.2% for a new IIHS bumper impact. This accuracy is good enough to be used in the early stage of bumper beam design process. This simple analysis model is expected to reduce the car development time and tests cost significantly.

범퍼애드(Bumper AD)의 광고 효과에 관한 연구: 맥락 일치/불일치 집단 간 차이를 중심으로

이해수,곽은아 한국광고홍보학회 2019 한국광고홍보학보 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Bumper Ad which has recently come into focus. It concretely categorized advertising characteristics of Bumper Ad and verified if there was any difference in the advertising effect depending on whether there was contextual congruity or not. According to the results, the playfulness of Bumper Ad reduced advertising intrusiveness, and the intention to share advertisement became higher as the perception of intrusiveness was lower. The difference is that the advertising intention to persuade in the group of contextual congruity lowered the intrusiveness while the clarity of advertising in the group of contextual incongruity was the major predictor variable to explain the intrusiveness and advertising memory. In addition, with regard to advertising memory’s explanation of the intention to share, the direction of influence varied between groups. Lastly, it examined the significant difference in course between groups through the multiple group analysis, which showed that the clarity of explanation influencing on advertising memory was high when the context of advertisement was in agreement with of contents. The influence of playfulness, intention to persuade and intrusiveness on advertising memory in the group of contextual incongruity were higher than in the group of contextual congruity. Based on these results, this study discussed the effect of Bumper Ad and suggested its effective advertising strategy. 이 연구는 최근 광고 시장에서 주목받고 있는 범퍼애드의 효과를 분석하고자 하는 목적에서 출발했다. 구체적으로 범퍼애드의 광고특성을 분류하였으며, 광고와 콘텐츠 간의 맥락 일치성 여부에 따라 광고 효과의 차이가 있는지 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 공통적으로 범퍼애드의 유희성이 광고 칩입성을 낮추었으며, 침입성 인식이 낮을수록 광고를 공유하려는 의도가 높았다. 차이점은맥락 일치 집단에서는 광고의 설득 의도가 침입성을 낮추었으며, 맥락 불일치 집단에서는 광고의 명확성이 침입성과 광고 기억을 설명하는 주요 예측 변인이었다. 또한, 광고 기억이 공유 의도를 설명하는 데 있어 영향력의 방향이 집단 간 상이하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 다중 집단 분석을통해 집단 간 유의미한 경로 차이를 살펴보았는데, 광고와 콘텐츠 간 맥락이 일치할 경우 광고 기억에 영향을 미치는 명확성의 설명이 높았다. 맥락 일치 집단보다 맥락 불일치 집단에서 유희성, 설득 의도, 침입성이 광고 기억에 미치는 영향이 더 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 결과를 통해 범퍼애드의 효과를 논의하고 효과적인 범퍼애드의 광고 전략 방안을 제시하였다.

튜닝용 자운스 범퍼 개발 및 차량 동역학 모델을 활용한 승차감 성능 검증

이철형,한명재,박태원,이석진,박정식 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.27 No.10

In this study, a tuning jounce bumper with increased energy absorption was developed. The tuning jounce bumper is constructed by adding a support bumper to the jounce bumper. The support bumper helps in absorbing the impact energy in the initial, mid-term, and over-compression sections. Compression structure analysis was used in order to predict the LD performance of the support bumper. The conventional single jounce bumper and the developed tuning jounce bumper were applied to the vehicle dynamics model for the verification of ride comfort performance. Based on the international standard test ISO, it can be determined that the ride comfort has improved at various speeds(20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 km/h). Therefore, the tuning jounce bumper not only increased the energy absorption, as compared to the single jounce bumper, but it also enhanced ride comfort for impact at various speeds.

튜닝용 자운스 범퍼 개발 및 차량 동역학 모델을 활용한 승차감 성능 검증

이철형(ChulHyung Lee),한명재(MyeongJae Han),박태원(TaeWon Park),이석진(SukJin Lee),박정식(JeongSik Park) 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.27 No.9

In this study, a tuning jounce bumper with increased energy absorption was developed. The tuning jounce bumper is constructed by adding a support bumper to the jounce bumper. The support bumper helps in absorbing the impact energy in the initial, mid-term, and over-compression sections. Compression structure analysis was used in order to predict the LD performance of the support bumper. The conventional single jounce bumper and the developed tuning jounce bumper were applied to the vehicle dynamics model for the verification of ride comfort performance. Based on the international standard test ISO, it can be determined that the ride comfort has improved at various speeds(20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 km/h). Therefore, the tuning jounce bumper not only increased the energy absorption, as compared to the single jounce bumper, but it also enhanced ride comfort for impact at various speeds.

재활용 범퍼의 효율적인 적용을 위한 신재의 최적 배합비율에 관한 연구

손영곤(Son Young-Gon) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.1

폐 자동차에서 떼어낸 범퍼는 분쇄 및 도장 (paint)제거 공정을 거친 후 신재 (pristine materials)와 일정 비율 혼합하여 자동차 부품을 제조하는 공정에서 재활용된다. 본 연구에서는 신재와 도장이 제거된 범퍼 분쇄품을 일정 비율 혼합하여 혼합 비에 따른 기계적인 물성 및 화학적인 성질을 연구하였다. 신재에 범퍼 분쇄 품을 혼합하였을 때 인장강도 및 굴곡탄성율과 같은 강성은 두 물질의 조성 평균으로 나타났지만, 충격강도와 파단 신율과 같은 인성 (toughness)은 조성 평균보다 낮은 negative deviation을 보였다. 이는 두 물질간의 혼화성이 부족하여 발생하는 결과라는 것을 FT-IR 분석을 통하여 알 수 있었 다. 범퍼 분쇄품의 혼합 비율이 30% 이상에서 두 물성이 급격히 저하되었다. 이를 활용하면 최적의 배합 비율을 선정할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이전 연구에서 밝힌 바와 같이 도장 제거율을 80 % 수준까지는 달성하기는 쉽지만 나머지 20%를 제거하 기 위하여 많은 노력과 에너지가 소요되는 바, 도장이 제거되지 않은 분쇄품과 도장이 제거된 분쇄품의 혼합 비율에 따른 기계적인 물성에 대하여 실험하였다. 도장이 제거되지 않은 범퍼 분쇄품이 소량만 첨가되어도 기계적인 물성은 급격히 저하 가 되어 폐 범퍼를 재활용하기 위해서는 도장 제거 공정이 매우 중요하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. Waste bumpers from out-of-service vehicles are recycled in the manufacturing process of plastic parts by incorporating pristine materials after removing the coated paint on a bumper. This study examined the chemical properties and mechanical properties of a mixture of recycled bumper and pristine materials as a function of the mixing ratio. When the pristine materials and the recycled bumper pieces were mixed, the stiffness (tensile strength and the flexural modulus) was provided by their composition averages. On the other hand, the toughness (Izod impact strength and the elongation-at-break) was lower than their composition averages (i.e., negative deviation). FTIR analysis showed that these results were due to the absence of the compatibility between the pristine materials and recycled bumper pieces. When the recycled bumper pieces were loaded at more than 30 wt. %, the toughness decreased drastically. A previous study showed that a paint removal efficiency up to 80 wt.% was easily attainable. The other 20 wt.% of paint on the bumper is very difficult to remove. Therefore, this study examined the mechanical properties of a mixture of recycled bumper pieces containing the unremoved paint and recycled bumper pieces without paint. When the recycled bumper pieces containing the unremoved paint were incorporated in only small quantities, the mechanical properties were decreased to a great extent. These results show that the paint removal efficiency is very important in the recycled bumper industry.

복합하중 조건하의 범퍼 최적설계 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구

김준희(Joon hee Kim),조후택(Hootaek Cho),오영섭(Youngsub Oh),강성욱(Sunguk Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

Nowadays it is required for a car bumper system to meet the various impact safety regulations. Until now, bumper system is designed for satisfying each impact condition independently. So it is very difficult to design a bumper system tosatisfy all requirements simultaneously, and it has been done by trial and error until now. To overcome these problems, many studies on the optimization of bumper system are being performed. In this study, the bumper optimum design program is developed to optimize the bumper system satisfying the bumper barrier impact, pedestrian protection bumper impact and new IIHS(Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) bumper impact conditions. For this bumper optimum design program, equivalent beam analysis model is developed for each bumper loading condition.

승용차(乘用車) 재활용(再活用) 범퍼의 충격흡수(衝擊吸收) 성능(性能)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김지원,이창식,Kim, Jee-Won,Lee, Chang-Sik 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2009 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of shock absorption of recycled bumper applied to the standard of shock absorption for newly-developed bumper. For the experiment, two different passenger cars which have different types of bumper were selected. In this work, two kinds of reused bumpers were tested in accordance with an automotive safety regulation to verify exterior bumpers' impact energy absorption performance. The performance results of reused bumper test show that the shock absorption performance indicated the almost same performance and similar characteristics of 2.5 miles bumper test compared to the absorption performance of new bumper of test vehicles. 이 연구는 신개발 범퍼의 충격흡수성능 시험기준을 적용하여 재활용 범퍼의 충격흡수성능을 실험하고, 재활용 범퍼의 성능 특성을 비교한 것이다. 본 연구에서 적용된 범퍼는 유형이 다른 두 종류의 승용차 외장 범퍼를 선정하여 2종류의 재활용 범퍼를 자동차 안전 기준에 따라 충격흡수성능을 시험하였다. 재활용 범퍼의 충격 흡수성능 실험 결과 2.5마일 범퍼 충격 성능 특성은 동일한 차종의 신품 범퍼의 충격 성능 및 흡수 성능 특성과 거의 동등수준의 충격 성능 특성을 나타내었다.

다목적차량의 범퍼형상에 따른 융합적 수명평가에 관한 연구

이정호,조재웅 한국융합학회 2015 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.6 No.5

본 논문은 ATV차량의 전면에 부착되는 범퍼의 구조적인 형상에 따른 수명평가를 피로해석을 토대로 연구하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 진동과 같이 반복적인 하중조건에 노출되는 범퍼의 특성의 파악하며, 여러 가지 피로 상황에서 발생되는 크랙의 위치를 사전에 파악하며 이를 보완하기 위함이다. 다목적 차량이 일반적인 포장도로가 아닌 비포장도로와 같은 험로를 주행하게끔 설계됨을 고려한다. 그리고 이러한 주행환경에 대한 수명평가 연구를 통해, 그 범퍼의 취약부위를 파악한다. 본 연구의 해석결과를 토대로 자동차 범퍼의 안전설계를 함으로서 내구성을 향상하고 설계에 있어 융합기술에 접목하여 그 미적인 감각을 나타낼 수 있다. In this study, the life evaluation due to the structural configuration of bumper attached at the front side of ATV vehicle is studied on the basis of fatigue analysis. As the purpose of this study, the characteristic of bumper exposed on the repetitive loading condition like the vibration is understood. The position of crack happened at the fatigue situation is grasped in advance and complemented in advance. It is considered that the multipurpose vehicle is designed to not be driven on the paved general road but the rough road like the unpaved load. And the weak part of bumper is understood through the study of life evaluation on this driving environment. The durability can be improved by doing the safe design of automotive bumper on the basis of the analysis result. And it is possible to be grafted onto the convergence technique at design and show the esthetic sense.

유튜브 범퍼애드의 크리에이티브 전략에 대한 분석 연구

심재현(Jae Hyun Shim) 한국디자인리서치학회 2023 한국디자인리서치 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 유튜브 범퍼애드의 크리에이티브 전략 연구로 연구 목적은 범퍼애드의 광고 소구방식, 메시지전략, 크리에이티브 전략을 분석하여 광고 제작에 참고 자료가 되도록 돕는 것이다. 연구 범위는 2020년~2023년까지 광고 전문 사이트인 TVCF에 업로드된 광고를 조사하였다. 분석방법은 첫째, FCB Grid 전략을 통한 관여도 조사. 둘째, 테일러 6분할 메시지 전략을 통한 메시지 분석. 셋째, 레스키 크리에이티브 전략을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 보면 FCB Grid 전략은 저관여 이성적 영역이 가장 높았고 6분할 메시지 전략에서는 정보적 관점의 긴급필요 영역이 가장 높게 나타났다. FCB Grid전략에 따른 테일러 6분할 메시지 전략은 저관여 이성의 정보적 관점이 높게 나타났다. 레스키 크리에이티브 전략에서는 정보적 관점이 높게 나타났고 정보적 관점에서는 일반-정보적 영역이 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과가 범퍼애드 제작을 위한 표현전략에 기초 자료가 되길 기대한다. This study is a creative strategy study of YouTube bumper advertisements, and the purpose of the study is to analyze the advertising appeal method, message strategy, and creative strategy of bumper advertisements to help them serve as reference materials for advertising production. The scope of the study investigated advertisements uploaded to TVCF, an advertising site, from 2020 to 2023. First, the analysis method is to investigate the degree of involvement through the FCB Grid strategy. Second, message analysis through Taylor's six-part message strategy. Third, it was analyzed through the Laskey creative strategy. According to the results of the study, the FCB Grid strategy was the highest in the low-involvement rational area, and the information-oriented emergency need area was the highest in the six-division message strategy. The Taylor 6-division message strategy according to the FCB Grid strategy showed a high information perspective of low-involvement. In the Laskey creative strategy, the information perspective was high, and the general-information area was the highest from the information perspective. It is hoped that the results of this study will serve as basic data for expression strategies for bumper ad production.