Comparison of Breast Measurement Ratios Before and After Breast Augmentation Using Photogrammetric Ratio Measurements (PRM)

Kyong-Hwa Yi,Boo-Hyun Sohn 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine breast shape and ratio of breast enlargement women prior to development of breast enlargement patient’s bra. Background: Although there are many previous studies on women’s breast that did not undergo breast augmentation surgery, no studies have examined the breast type and proportion of women with breast augmentation. Method: In this study, we analyzed ratios and angles with photographs taken before and after breast augmentation on the frontal and lateral views of the breast, UPF and projection were analyzed too. We also compared the pre-operative and postoperative rates with those of previous breast studies, as well as the post-operative breast types for the desirable breast types. Results: The length and width of the breast base and the height of the breast projection increased after the operation. The rate of increase in width is larger than the vertical distance in the breast base, and the rate of increase in height of the projection is larger than the increase in the width. Specifically, in the vertical distance, the rate of increase in the lower portion is larger than that in the upper portion. In the width, the rate of increase on the inside is larger than that on the outside. Conclusion: The angles of the static relationship with the projection increased and the angles of the minor relation decreased. The changes in the size of the breast were visually observed in the overlapping of the triangle shape before and after the surgery. The changes were composed of the line connecting the angle and the measurement points. The pre-operative upper pole fullness (UPF) was mostly 0 and - 1, but after the surgery, +1, 0, -1, +2 were distributed, while post-operative levels of projection were distributed in the order of level 3> level 1> level 2. In comparison with the desirable breast type, it was found that the anatomical type was a more natural breast type than the round type of implant. Application: These results can be useful as basic data for the breast analysis of breast enlargement patients and their bra patterns.

유륜절개 근막밑 유방확대술: 근육밑 및 이중평면 유방확대술과 비교

심형보,윤상엽 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: Subfascial augmentation mammaplasty was introduced by Dr. Graf in 2000. Subfascial placement of breast implants for augmentation was advocated as an option that has some of the advantages of both the subpectoral and subglandular placement while minimizing the disadvantages of each. The clinical experiences of 23 breast augmentations in the subfascial placement are reported. The indications for this technique are proposed. The incidence of complications is described from clinical experiences and compared with that of other methods.Methods: From January of 2004 through December of 2005, 23 patients underwent periareolar subfascial augmentation mammaplasty. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 8 months. Results: In comparing the results of the subpectoral augmentation group(57 patients) with those of the dual plane(124 patients) and subfascial groups(23 patients), the total rate of complications didn't represented the significant difference. The benefits of this technique include avoiding hematoma(as seen in the dual plane) and muscle action(in the subpectoral), and minimizing postoperative chest pain(inherent to subpectoral), and the ability to correct ptosis. And also this subfascial technique can be used for changing the plane from submuscular to subfascial in case of the reoperations. Conclusion: We're thinking that the periareolar subfascial augmentation mammaplasty would be the very useful tool for the primary and secondary breast augmentations.

유방 확대수술 환자용 압박의류 개발

이경화,최현옥 한국의류학회 2020 한국의류학회지 Vol.44 No.1

It is essential to apply compression bands or pressure garments that can stabilize the breast implants and breast shape as well as help shape the breast to the desired shape immediately after breast augmentation surgery. It is necessary to study the compression garment which is able to properly cover a deformed breast due to the operation and shape it as a beautiful breast. The subjects of the study were 6 women who experienced breast augmentation surgery with an under bust size of 70 or 75, cup size of C cup with a hemispherical and conical shape. We analyzed the dissatisfaction and satisfaction factors through the evaluation of the 4 types of commercial compression garments and developed the new functional post-operative bra which can be worn immediately after the operation according to the breast characteristics of breast augmentation patients. We have developed new bra patterns; a front opening type garment with wings and a band type garment both sides that allow the band to be pressed from the front center. The comparative wearing evaluation indicated that the superiority of the new compression garments also provided a higher the satisfaction of the newly developed bra (front adjustable style) than a commercial band.

Surgical management of complicated ptotic breast

Opas Khomgongsuwan 대한미용의학회 2019 대한미용의학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Background: Breast ptosis represents a continuous challenge for cosmetic surgeons. It is difficult to treat when patients are demanding and expect the best results with minimal scarings, low cost and short postoperative recovery time. Surgeons should know which proper surgical procedures are appropriate based on the important aspects of each case. They must choose a surgical option that helps to solve the patient’s issue, meets their expectation, and results in minimal or limited complications. Objective: Author studied the many types of breast ptosis and the surgical options for breast ptosis. Methods: The author retrospectively analyzed 48 patients (all females; mean age, 33.7 years; age range, 22-49 years) with mild, moderate, and severe ptotic breast and different breast volumes classified by small, normal and hypertrophic breast between the 15th of January 2008 and the 30th of August 2017. The author retrospectively analyzed the type of ptotic breast, type of management and surgical result by using medical preoperative and postoperative photographs and records. Assessment of results by level of patient satisfaction is divided into poor, fair, good, and excellent. Complications are recorded each patient. Results: Of the 48 patients of whom 45 had breast ptosis and 3 had remaining breast ptosis after previous surgery, the following surgeries were performed. Most patients had good to excellent satisfaction of results and improved the shape of their breasts. There were two cases of major complications who have superficial skin necrosis but they still resulted in good satisfaction. One patient felt she had poor improvement of the breast shape and big breasts. Conclusion: The degree of breast ptosis and the amount of breast tissue or breast volume, are the key factors that determine surgical procedures. The selection of surgical procedure is essential and is directly related to the outcome of the surgery.

Strategies to perform autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation in underweight women

Cheng-Hung Chiu 대한미용의학회 2023 대한미용의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Background: Breast augmentation is the most common surgical intervention among women. However, concerns persist regarding the use of autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation in underweight females. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous fat grafting in breast augmentation for underweight females (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2). Methods: This study included 53 underweight patients who underwent autologous fat grafting for breast augmentation. Standardized protocols were followed, and comprehensive data regarding post-treatment complications were recorded. Volumetric and subjective evaluations were conducted to assess outcomes. Results: The average age of the patients was 31.6 years, with an average BMI of 17.7 kg/m2 and body fat percentage of 21.4%. The average volume of aspirates obtained was 1,410 ml, and each breast received an average injection volume of 295 ml fat. Routine postoperative assessments revealed fat necrosis of 3.7%. The mean volume retention of the grafted fat was 69.9% at the one-year mark, and the overall patient satisfaction rate was 94.3%. Conclusion: Autologous fat grafting can be challenging in underweight women because of limited fat reserves and tight breast skin. Strategies such as ultrasound-assisted liposuction and precise injection techniques can overcome these challenges. The study suggests that a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 is not a contraindication for autologous fat grafting in breast augmentation. Autologous fat grafting can be effective and safe for breast augmentation in underweight women, with satisfactory results and minimal complications.

Endoscopic transaxillary dual-plane breast augmentation: a four-year retrospective clinical study

Jeong-Ho Seo 대한미용의학회 2018 대한미용의학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Background: Endoscopic transaxillary dual plane breast augmentation is currently the treatment of choice of breast augmentation. Although the dual-plane pocket technique yields excellent outcomes, there are few reports that describe a dual-plane transaxillary approach technique using an endoscope. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of patients who had undergone endoscopic transaxillary dual-plane breast augmentation. Methods: The patients who had undergone transaxillary dual-plane breast augmentation using endoscope from January 2014 to December 2017 were reviewed. Results: A total of 58 patients underwent endoscopic dual-plane breast augmentation through the axillary incision approach. Of these, only one patient (1.7%) showed bilateral superior dislocation as a complication, which was treated by endoscopic transaxillary capsulotomy. No serious complications were reported during the course of this study. All patients were discharged on day one postoperatively and recovered quickly. Conclusion: Endoscopic dual-plane pocket breast augmentation through the axillary approach is a safe operation, has a low complication rate, and yields satisfactory results in the patients.

Reconsidering cell-assisted lipotransfer for breast augmentation: effect of stromal vascular fraction enrichment on graft survival assessed with 3-dimensional laser scanning

Li-Chen Chiu,Li-Shu Chiu,Cheng-Hung Chiu 대한미용의학회 2019 대한미용의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Background: Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) has been proposed to be beneficial for improving graft retention. Clinically, CAL involves the isolation of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from a portion of the lipoaspirate at the time of surgery. However, most studies related to SVF breast augmentation lacked a rigorous methodology and well-designed control. Objective: We aimed to determine the potential improvement of SVF enrichment in fat grafting for breast augmentation with objective volume assessment. Methods: From April 2015 to January 2016, 169 patients were enrolled after applying the exclusion criteria. Among them, 97 patients who underwent conventional fat grafting for breast augmentation were assigned to group A. The other 72 patients underwent SVFenriched fat grafting for breast augmentation and were assigned to group B. A retrospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate the graft survival using 3-dimensional laser scanning. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of mean age, original breast volume, grafted fat volume, and postoperative weight change. Breast volume assessments revealed that the percentage of graft survival at 12 months was 69.2% in group A and 71.1% in group B, with no significant difference (p=0.641). The preoperative body mass index was significantly lower in group A than in group B. The volume of suctioned fat was significantly less in group A. The operation time was significantly shorter in group A. The postoperative complication rates were significantly lower in group A than in group B. Conclusion: SVF-enriched fat grafting for breast augmentation was associated with a larger amount of harvested fat, a longer operation time, and a higher incidence of complications. The graft retention rate was not significantly increased. The findings of our study do not support the use of SVF in fat grafting for breast augmentation. Level of Evidence: IV

Imaging Spectrum of Augmented Breast and Post-Mastectomy Reconstructed Breast with Common Complications: A Pictorial Essay

Krisnan Renuka Nair Kunju,Chotai Niketa 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.7

Breast augmentation is becoming more common, be it for cosmetic reasons or post-mastectomy. Multiple articles in the literature describe the imaging findings of various types of cosmetic breast augmentation. Some articles describe imaging findings for different types of post-mastectomy reconstructions. This essay aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for the multimodality imaging of various types of breast augmentations in native breast and post-mastectomy reconstructions. Familiarity with these findings will facilitate the detection of complications and new or recurrent breast malignancies in patients. With the extensive illustrations provided in this essay on normal and abnormal imaging findings of augmented breasts, readers will receive exposure that will facilitate effective practice.

내시경을 이용한 액와 대흉근하 유방확대술

박원진 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.1

The traditional transaxillary approach for breast augmentation gained popularity among plastic surgeons for its absence of scar of the breast, minimal loss of nipple sensation and theoretically decreased risk of periprosthetic infections by minimizing contact with breast tissue. The shortcomings of the traditional approach are limitation of visualization and hemostasis. Blunt dissection limits surgeons ability to precisely control the inframammary fold and lower pole of breast. This limitation may result in improper implant placement and poor aesthetic result. In order to overcome theirs disadvantages, we used endoscopic technique in transaxillary technique. With endoscopically detected transaxillary subpectoral breast augmentation, bleeding vessels are easily seen and coagulated. Visualization of the pocket allows significantly better control of the inframammary fold. We can also divide the pectoralis muscles and prepectoralis fascia under controlled visualization. From 1994 to 1996, 84 implants have been placed in 42 patients utilizing the endoscopic assisted transaxillary subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty. We used 32 textured implants and 52 smooth type implants. Follow up ranged from 2weeks to 18 months. We did not experience any hematomas, infections, capsular contractures or other complications. We obtained good aesthetic results and patient acceptance. With endoscopically assisted transaxillary subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty, we have precise control of inframammary crease and hemostasis. As we obtained good aesthetic results, here, we have described our surgical technique and brief clinical experiences.

Subfascial endoscopic transaxillary breast augmentation: long-term evaluation of 3,004 patients over a 10-year period

Surin Plasen 대한미용의학회 2018 대한미용의학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Background: Subfascial endoscopic transaxillary breast augmentation were reported the benefits over the submuscular implant since 2000. Long term outcome was not reported in any large number of cases. Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcome in 3,004 cases over 10-year period. Methods: From 2007 to 2018, 3,004 cases were operated in our center. 2,949 cases undergo subfascial endoscopic transaxillary breast augmentation with textured round implant, 35 cases with smooth round gel, and 20 cases with textured anatomical implants. Inclusion criteria for patient selection is the pinch test in all patient group and this value is more than 1.5 inch. Post-operative follows up time from 2007 to 2018 with yearly visit with postoperative photograph. Postoperative complications were evaluated by the capsular contracture, abnormal chest muscle movement, rippling, infection, seroma, bottom out, hematoma, implant rotation and implant border palpation. Results: Early postoperative hematoma was found in 0.16% in textured round implant and was not found in smooth gel and anatomical textured implant. The rate of capsular contractor was 0.16% in textured round implant, 20.0% in smooth gel and 10.0% in anatomical textured implant. The rate of infection and seroma formation occurs 0.2% in textured round implant. The rate of rippling is 0.33% in textured round implant, 10.0% in anatomical textured implant and no rippling in smooth gel implant. Conclusion: Subfascial endoscopic transaxillary breast augmentation can be used in patients with thick breast tissues. Rippling and implant border palpation occurs frequently in textured round implant and textured anatomical implant. Capsular contracture is noticeably high in textured anatomical and smooth round implant. Careful selection of the patients is the key to success in this type of breast augmentation.