Boron removal by means of chemical precipitation with calcium hydroxide and calcium borate formation

Alper Erdem Yilmaz,Recep Boncukcuoglu,Serkan Bayar,Baybars Ali Fil,Mehmet Muhtar Kocakerim 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.10

Boron removal was investigated by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions containing boron using calcium hydroxide. pH, initial boron concentration, amount of Ca(OH)2, stirring speed and solution temperature were selected as operational parameters in a batch system. The highest boron removal efficiency was reached at pH 1.0. Increasing initial boron concentration and amount of calcium hydroxide raised to boron removal efficiency. Boron removal efficiency was highest at a stirring speed of 150 rpm. The most important parameter affecting boron removal efficiency was solution temperature. Increasing solution temperature increased importantly boron removal. XRD analysis showed that CaB3O3(OH)5·4H2O, which is a borate mineral called inyoite, occurred between Ca(OH)2 and borate ions. As a result of the obtained experimental data, when the optimum operational conditions were selected, over 96% of boron removal efficiency was reached by this method.

역삼투, 이온교환, 축전식 탈염 공정의 보론 제거 성능 분석

김유창(Yu Chang Kim),임성일(Sungil Lim),한방우(Bangwoo Han),김상복(Sang Bok Kim),박인용(Inyong Park),이건희(Gunhee Lee),박대훈(Dae Hoon Park),홍기정(Keejung Hong) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.10

목적: 본 연구는 기수용 역삼투, 이온교환, 축전식 탈염 공정의 보론 제거 성능을 비교 분석하기 위해서 수행하였다. 역삼투식 해수담수화 공정에서는 본처리 공정인 역삼투 공정의 투과수내에 있는 보론을 추가적으로 더 제거해야 한다. 따라서, 세 공정의 보론 제거 성능과 에너지 소비량을 실험적으로 분석하여 상호 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 이 공정들이 해수담수화 공정의 생산수를 추가 처리하는 2nd pass (2차 통과) 공정으로 사용이 가능한지 여부를 분석하였다. 방법: 실험에 사용할 원수는 NaCl과 B(OH)₃를 이용하여 제조하여 사용하였으며, 역삼투 공정과 이온교환 공정은 소형 파일럿 규모(생산수량 1 m³/hr 이상), 축전식 탈염 공정은 벤치 규모(2.5 L/min 이상)의 시스템을 실험에 사용하였다. 각 공정의 원수와 처리수의 보론 농도를 Azomethine-H 방법으로 분석하였으며, 시스템의 소비 전력을 전력 분석기로 측정하여 에너지 소비량을 분석하였다. 결과 및 토의: 공정마다 보론을 제거하기 위한 운전조건이 다르다. 역삼투 공정의 경우 원수의 pH를 충분히 올려야 제거율이 좋아지며, 이온교환 공정의 경우 보론 선택성 수지(resin)의 흡착용량을 고려하여 파과점(breakthrough point) 이내에서 운전하여야 하며, 축전식 탈염 공정의 경우 보론이 다른 이온과 혼합되어 있으면 전극에 의한 이온 선택성 때문에 연속식 흐름을 갖는 시스템으로는 처리가 어려웠다. 각 공정의 에너지 소비는 가압형 공정인 기수용 역삼투 공정이 가장 컸으며, 축전식 탈염 공정도 탄소전극이 소비하는 전기량이 적지 않았다. 최근 역삼투와 축전식 탈염 공정이 관심을 많이 받는 것은 사실이지만 실제 보론 제거 성능이나 에너지 소비 측면에서는 보론 선택성 수지를 이용하는 이온교환 공정이 우수한 성능을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 이온교환 공정은 재생용 약품 폐수가 발생하고 운전이 쉽지 않다는 단점이 있다. 하지만 보론 제거와 에너지 소비 측면에서는 이온교환 공정이 기수용 역삼투와 축전식 탈염 공정보다 좋은 성능을 보였다. 물론 생산수의 사용처, 환경 및 에너지, 타 공정과의 연계성, 하이브리드 구성 등 다양한 측면에서 고려할 필요가 있다. Objectives : This article provides a comparative analysis of boron removal for brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO), boron selective ion exchange (IX), or capacitive deionization (CDI) processes. Permeate of 1st-Pass RO process has to be post-treated for additional boron removal. Hence, we experimentally analyzed the performance of boron removal and specific energy consumption (SEC) of three aforementioned processes and investigated whether the processes are suitable for 2nd pass process of RO desalination. Methods : Raw feed water was prepared using NaCl and B(OH)₃. Semi-pilot scale RO and IX systems (over 1m³/hr capacity) and bench scale CDI system (over 2.5 L/min) were tested for performance comparison. Boron concentration was measured using Azomethine-H method for feed and product water. Energy consumption was monitored by using power quality analyzer. Results and Discussion : Each process has its own operating conditions. The RO process required high pH of feed water for high boron removal rate, the IX process was operated below breakthrough point considering adsorption capacity of boron selective resin, and the CDI process didn’t remove boron because chloride ion has higher ion selectivity for carbon electrode than boron. In terms of SEC, the pressure-driven RO process showed the highest SEC among three processes. The CDI process based on electrical adsorption of carbon electrode showed a considerable energy consumption as well. On the other hand, the IX process was operated at low energy consumption because its removal is just based on adsorption-desorption mechanism. Conclusions : The RO and CDI processes have received a lot of attention as leading and emerging technology while the IX process was regarded as a stubborn process because of regeneration of resin and its several segmentalized steps. However, we found that the IX process has a better performance for boron removal and energy consumption.

붕소제거제의 제조에 관한 연구

최규만(Choi, kyu-man),이윤식(Lee, yun-sik) 한국정보전자통신기술학회 2009 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지 Vol.2 No.3

심층수를 음용수화 하는 것은 심층수에 포함되어 있는 붕소 때문에 크게 제약을 받고있다. 붕소는 사람과 식물에게 유독한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이러한 붕소를 제거하는 유용한 방법이 몇 가지 있는데, 본 논문에서는 해수에 포함된 붕소를 제거하기 위한 붕소제거제를 폴리머 레진 형태로 합성 하였다. 합성된 레진을 IR분석을 통해 특성을 분석하였고, SEM을 이용하여 그 표면을 관찰하였다. 붕소제거능력을 평가하기 위해 레진을 직경이 0.25mm, 0.5mm 및 1.0mm가 되도록 구분하여 준비하고 베치방식의 실험을 통해 그 결과를 관찰했다. The use of deep water as drinking water is greatly limited of significant concentration of boron in sea water. Boron is reported to be toxic for human and plants. Some of possible methods are available to remove boron. The polymeric resins were synthesized to remove the boron from the sea water. The resin was characterized with IR analysis and the morphology was discussed with SEM images. To assess boron removal capacity of the resin, it was distributed in three different bead size i.e., 0.25mm, 0.5mm and 1.0mm. The removal behavior of this resin was examined under the batch experiments.

RO막을 이용한 매립지 침출수 처리 및 붕소 제거

정수정 ( Soo Jung Jung ),나숙현 ( Suk Hyun Na ),배상옥 ( Sang Ok Bae ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This study was carried out to evaluate the removal rate of organic and inorganic matters from landfill leachate using pre-treatment process as coagulation and limonite adsorption, and membrane process as RO(reverse osmosis) and NF(nanofiltration). By adding limonite adsorption as pre-treatment process, about 40% of organic matters in leachate was removed through pre-treatment process and 74.7% of boron was removed after RO process without pH adjustment. The rejection rate of boron in RO process mainly depends on the pH and increased at pH value of 10. RO process was performed as two stage system adjusting pH condtion to 7 and 10 in second RO stage for boron removal. Most(>90%) of TOC, Cl- and inorganic matters as Ca was rejected in first RO stage, the residue was rejected in second RO and the rejection rate was above 97%. Considering economic efficiency of operation cost, NF substituted for the first RO and total removal rate of TOC was above 90%. Through RO system toxicity to Daphnia in leachate was removed completely.

Treatment of diazo dye Reactive Green 19 by anodic oxidation on a boron-doped diamond electrode

Elisabetta Petrucci,Luca Di Palma,Roberto Lavecchia,Antonio Zuorro 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.26 No.-

The anodic oxidation of diazo dye Reactive Green 19 on a boron-doped diamond electrode was investigated. A membrane-free reactor was used to evaluate the effect of chloride concentration (0–0.5 M), current density (100–500 A m2), pH (3–11) and stirring rate (250–750 rpm) on color and TOC removal. Complete decolorization was obtained in less than 30 min, whereas total mineralization was never achieved within 3 h of electrolysis. Color removal was significantly enhanced by increasing chloride concentration and, to a lesser extent, current density and stirring rate. TOC removal was positively affected by current density, pH and chloride concentration.

UMG-Si 내 Boron 제거를 위한 스팀플라즈마와 전자기연속주조정련법의 활용

문병문(Moon, Byungmoon),김병권(Kim, Byungkwon),이호문(Lee, Homoon),박동호(Park, Dongho),류태우(Yu, Taeu) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06

최근 친환경적이고 저투자비용의 빠른 생산성을 가진 야금화학적인 방법으로의 태양전지급 실리콘 생산공정이 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 이로 인해 금속급 실리콘(MG-Si)에서부터 태양전지급 실리콘(SoG-Si)으로의 정련공정 또한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 UMG-Si 내 주요 불순물인 Boron함량을 SoG-Si 순도로 정련하는 것을 목표로 기존의 방법과 달리 전자기연속주조정련법을 사용하여 도가니 비접촉식 용융 후 스팀플라즈마토치를 통해 Boron을 제거하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용한 가스 유량은 H₂O 0.3~1.0ml/min, H₂ 20~40ml/min 이며 실험 후 ICP-MASS 분석 결과 초기 Boron 함량 2.9ppm으로부터 0.17ppm으로 줄었음을 확인하였다.

Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of dye removal from wastewater solution using leach waste materials

DEN, Muhammed Kamil O,ONGAR, Sezen KUC UKC Techno-Press 2019 Advances in environmental research Vol.8 No.1

In this study, Malachite Green (MG) dye removal from synthetic wastewaters by adsorption process using raw boron enrichment waste (BEW) and it's modifications (with acid and ultrasound) were aimed. 81% MG removal was obtained by BEW at optimum equilibrium conditions (time: 40 min., dosage: 500 mg/dm³, pH: 5-6, speed: 200 rpm, 298 K). MG removal from wastewaters using acid modified boron enrichment waste (HBEW) was determined as 82% at optimum conditions (time: 20 min., dosage: 200 mg/dm³, pH: 10, speed: 200 rpm, 298 K). For ultrasound modified BEW (UBEW), the highest MG removal percent was achieved as 84% at optimum conditions (time: 30 min, dosage: 375 mg/ dm³, pH: 8, speed: 200 rpm, 298 K). The equilibrium data of Malachite Green was evaluated for BEW, HBEW and UBEW adsorbents by using sorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, out of which Langmuir model (R² = 0.971, 0.987 and 0.984) gave better correlation and maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 147.05, 434.78 and 192.30 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation for sorption of MG onto wastes. A look at thermodynamic data reveals that natural sorption is spontaneous and endothermic because of free negative energy exchange and positive change in enthalpy, respectively. The results indicated that boron enrichment waste, and HCl and ultrasound-modified boron enrichment waste served as good alternative adsorbents in dye removal from wastewater.

Boron and Phosphorus Removal During High Purity Hypereutectic Al–Si Solidification

Yanlei Li,Jian Chen 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.4

Al–Si solvent refining is a promising process for silicon purification, and the key impurity elements are boron and phosphorus. Thermodynamic calculation and experiments in particular temperatures show that boron and phosphorus segregationcoefficients in Al–Si melt decrease with decreasing temperature, and it is not verified in traditional solidification. In orderto character boron and phosphorus removal in Al–Si solidification over a temperature range, high purity hypereutecticAl–Si melts were solidified at relatively low cooling rate. It is found that boron and phosphorus removal rates increase withdecreasing temperature. The tread that the boron and phosphorus segregation coefficients in the Al–Si melt decease withdecreasing temperature is confirmed in solidification over a temperature range. In addition, aluminum content in purifiedsilicon is close to the maximum solid solubility of aluminum in silicon.

Simple boron removal from seawater by using polyols as complexing agents: A computational mechanistic study

Min-Kyung Kim,Ki Heon Eom,임준혁,Jea-Keun Lee,Ju Dong Lee,원용선 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.11

The complexation of boric acid (B(OH)3), the primary form of aqueous boron at moderate pH, with polyols is proposed and mechanistically studied as an efficient way to improve membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) for removing boron in seawater by increasing the size of aqueous boron compounds. Computational chemistry based on the density functional theory (DFT) was used to manifest the reaction pathways of the complexation of B(OH)3 with various polyols such as glycerol, xylitol, and mannitol. The reaction energies were calculated as −80.6, −98.1, and −87.2 kcal/mol for glycerol, xylitol, and mannitol, respectively, indicating that xylitol is the most thermodynamically favorable for the complexation with B(OH)3. Moreover, the 1 : 2 molar ratio of B(OH)3 to polyol was found to be more favorable than the ratio of 1 : 1 for the complexation. Meanwhile, latest lab-scale actual RO experiments successfully supported our computational prediction that 2 moles of xylitol are the most effective as the complexing agent for 1 mole of B(OH)3 in aqueous solution.

Removal of boron from deep-sea water, RO-concentrated water and mineral concentrated water by selective ion exchange resins

Miyeon Choi(최미연),Deoksoo Moon(문덕수),Ho Ji(지호),Hyeonju Kim(김현주) 한국신재생에너지학회 2017 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5