동물 부장양상을 통해 본 북흉노의 매장습속 —몽골지역을 중심으로—

장윤정 동아시아문물연구소 2012 文物硏究 Vol.- No.22

The purpose of this study was to examine how animal bones were buried in the tombs of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia in China, determining whether the burial styles of animal bones found in those tombs, which has been just deemed one of nomadic burial customs, were actually what were applied by the Huns as an ancient nomadic tribe. The findings of the study showed that the burial styles of animal bones excavated from the tombs of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia varied according to where those tombs had been formed. According to the kinds of animal bones, those tombs can be largely classified into those located in the east and west of Arhangai Aimag. In the west, more specifically, animal bones found in the Huns tombs were mostly from sheep, which were in more cases combined with goat bones. Most containers excavated from the tombs also had sheep bones inside. In the east, while, the kinds of excavated animal bones varied in accordance with where the Huns tombs were formed or what remains were associated with those tombs. Nevertheless, most of those bones were still from sheep, which were found combined with cow or horse bones. Containers from the tombs usually had a mixture of sheep, horse and cow bones inside. In the Huns tombs of Mongolia, animal bones were in most cases found inside the tomb hollow, followed by in the space of the dead body's burial or his or her belongings' burial, inside the container, inside the walls of the tomb hollow and in the stone mound or topsoil of the tomb in order. In the Huns tombs of Inner Mongolia in China, while, animal bones were mostly found in the space of the dead body's burial or his or her belongings' burial. Therefore, placing animal bones inside the walls of the tomb hollow or putting them in the container may be regarded as one of the characteristics that the Huns tombs of Mongolia had. The tombs where animal bones were found generally had Chinese bronze mirrors inside. Accordingly, the period when regions having those forms made exchanges with China could be divided into three stages. Key regions that maintained relationships with China from the first to third stages were Akhangai Aimag and Bulgan Aimag. While, it was the second stage when Tov Aimag emerged as another mainstream in relationships with China. 몽골지역을 대상으로 동물 부장양상을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 이제까지 막연하게 유목민의 매장습속으로 규정되어 오던 동물 부장양상이 유목민의 한 족속인 흉노 내에서 동일한 형태로 행해지고 있는지를 검토하였다. 그 결과 동물 부장이라는 커다란 카테고리 안에서도 지역별 다양성을 확인할 수 있었다. 먼저 동물 뼈 출토상태를 근거하면 지역적으로 아르항가이 아이막지역을 중심으로 크게 동쪽과 서쪽으로 나눌 수 있다. 즉, 서쪽은 개 뼈가 확인되지 않고 있다. 또한 羊이 중심을 이루며 羊과 말(馬)은 1개체 분을 전부 활용하고 있다. 그리고 음식물의 성격이 강한 容器 안에 羊을 매납하고 있다. 그에 반해 동쪽은 개 한 마리가 부장되고 있다. 각 지역별, 혹은 유적별 다양성을 나타내지만 羊을 중심으로 하는 것은 동일하며 소(牛) 혹은 말(馬)을 조합하고 있다. 容器 안에도 羊을 포함한 말(馬), 소가 확인되고 있다. 동물의 부장위치를 보면 묘광내부→ 매장주체부, 부장공간→ 容器 안→ 묘광 벽 안, 지표면 적석 혹은 표토 順으로 높은 점유율을 차지하고 있어 대체적으로 묘광내부, 매장주체부, 부장공간 등을 사용하는 것으로 추정된다. 이 가운데 묘광 벽을 다시 파서 안에 공간을 만들어, 혹은 容器 안에 동물을 부장하는 것은 몽골지역 흉노의 특징이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 동반유물 중 중국제 청동거울에 주목하여 시기를 3단계로 나눌 수 있다. 각 시기별에 따른 중국과의 관계는 1단계부터 핵심을 이루고 있던 아르항가이와 볼간 아이막지역이 3단계까지 그 세력을 유지하며 투브 아이막지역은 2단계부터 등장하여 합세하고 있다.

동물 부장양상을 통해 본 북흉노의 매장습속 -몽골지역을 중심으로

장윤정 ( Yoon Chun Chang ) 동아시아문물연구학술재단 2012 文物硏究 Vol.- No.22

몽골지역을 대상으로 동물 부장양상을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 이제까지 막연하게 유목민의 매장습속으로 규정되어 오던 동물 부장양상이 유목민의 한 족속인 흉노 내에서 동일한 형태로 행해지고 있는지를 검토하였다. 그 결과 동물 부장이라는 커다란 카테고리 안에서도 지역별 다양성을 확인할 수 있었다. 먼저 동물 뼈 출토상태를 근거하면 지역적으로 아르항가이 아이막지역을 중심으로 크게 동쪽과 서쪽으로 나눌 수 있다. 즉, 서쪽은 개 뼈가 확인되지 않고 있다. 또한 羊이 중심을 이루며 羊과 말(馬)은 1개체 분을 전부 활용하고 있다. 그리고 음식물의 성격이 강한 容器 안에 羊을 매납하고 있다. 그에 반해 동쪽은 개 한 마리가 부장되고 있다. 각 지역별, 혹은 유적별 다양성을 나타내지만 羊을 중심으로 하는 것은 동일하며 소(牛) 혹은 말(馬)을 조합하고 있다. 容器 안에도 羊을 포함한 말(馬), 소가 확인되고 있다. 동물의 부장위치를 보면 묘광내부→ 매장주체부, 부장공간→ 容器안→ 묘광 벽 안, 지표면 적석 혹은 표토 順으로 높은 점유율을 차지하고 있어 대체적으로 묘광내부, 매장주체부, 부장공간 등을 사용하는 것으로 추정된다. 이 가운데 묘광 벽을 다시 파서 안에 공간을 만들어, 혹은 容器 안에 동물을 부장하는 것은 몽골지역 흉노의 특징이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 동반유물 중 중국제 청동거울에 주목하여 시기를 3단계로 나눌 수 있다. 각 시기별에 따른 중국과의 관계는 1단계부터 핵심을 이루고 있던 아르항가이와 볼간 아이막지역이 3단계까지 그 세력을 유지하며 투브 아이막지역은 2단계부터 등장하여 합세하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine how animal bones were buried in the tombs of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia in China, determining whether the burial styles of animal bones found in those tombs, which has been just deemed one of nomadic burial customs, were actually what were applied by the Huns as an ancient nomadic tribe. The findings of the study showed that the burial styles of animal bones excavated from the tombs of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia varied according to where those tombs had been formed. According to the kinds of animal bones, those tombs can be largely classified into those located in the east and west of Arhangai Aimag. In the west, more specifically, animal bones found in the Huns tombs were mostly from sheep, which were in more cases combined with goat bones. Most containers excavated from the tombs also had sheep bones inside. In the east, while, the kinds of excavated animal bones varied in accordance with where the Huns tombs were formed or what remains were associated with those tombs. Nevertheless, most of those bones were still from sheep, which were found combined with cow or horse bones. Containers from the tombs usually had a mixture of sheep, horse and cow bones inside. In the Huns tombs of Mongolia, animal bones were in most cases found inside the tomb hollow, followed by in the space of the dead body`s burial or his or her belongings` burial, inside the container, inside the walls of the tomb hollow and in the stone mound or topsoil of the tomb in order. In the Huns tombs of Inner Mongolia in China, while, animal bones were mostly found in the space of the dead body`s burial or his or her belongings` burial. Therefore, placing animal bones inside the walls of the tomb hollow or putting them in the container may be regarded as one of the characteristics that the Huns tombs of Mongolia had. The tombs where animal bones were found generally had Chinese bronze mirrors inside. Accordingly, the period when regions having those forms made exchanges with China could be divided into three stages. Key regions that maintained relationships with China from the first to third stages were Akhangai Aimag and Bulgan Aimag. While, it was the second stage when Tov Aimag emerged as another mainstream in relationships with China.

두 개 안면골을 침범한 섬유성 이형성증의 CT 소견

이성숙 대한영상의학회 1993 대한영상의학회지 Vol.29 No.6

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign bony disorder that contains trabeculae of poorly calcified primitive bone formed by osseous metaplasia. It is also characterized by replacement of normal spongiosa by abnormal fibrous tissues, We retrospectively analyzed the computed tomographic (CT) findings of 29 cases with clinically and radiologically diagnosed craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, In 2 cases, only cranial bones were involved and in 7 cases only facial bones were involved. Involvements of both cranial and facial bones were as follows : frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and temporal bones in cranium and maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal bones and mandible in facial bones. Even though plain films are enough to diagnose the fibrous dysplasia, we think that CT is useful in more accurate diagnosis by demonstrating amorphous "ground-glass" appearance in the lesion and defining the exact extent of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.dysplasia.

Finite element analysis of stress distribution around a short implant according to a horizontally reduced bone in the mandible

( Kyeong-ok Lim ),( Kyung-min Kim ),( Min-cheol Yang ),( Hee-jung Kim ),( Won-pyo Lee ),( Byung-ock Kim ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원(구 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소) 2021 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.45 No.1

This study evaluates the stress distribution around a short implant supporting a bone with various horizontally reduced levels using a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis. A three-dimensional finite element model was designed by placing a short implant in a jaw model with a 2-mm-thick cortical bone. Horizontal bone loss was employed at 1-mm intervals from 0 to 3 mm, and a 400- N load was applied to the central fossa in a 0° vertical direction and 30° inward-inclined direction to the implant axis. Furthermore, the maximum principal stress generated in the short implant supporting the bone was calculated using a three-dimensional finite element stress analysis. As a result of the finite element analysis, the maximum principal stresses in a 0° vertical direction according to horizontal bone loss from 1 mm to 3 mm in the cortical bone were 45.13, 79.44, and 75.53 (MPa), respectively, and in the cancellous bone were 7.63, 9.28, and 9.60 (MPa), respectively. The maximum principal stresses in a 30° inward-inclined direction according to horizontal bone loss from 1 mm to 3 mm in the cortical bone were 132.34, 172.07, and 216.26 (MPa), respectively, and in the cancellous bone were 16.34, 27.43, and 26.37 (MPa), respectively. Within the limitations of this study, the authors concluded that the bone stress values tended to be higher around the implant neck under a 30° inward load and in the cortical bone according to the horizontally reduced bone level.

고해상도 전산화 단층촬영에서 확인된 골절 유형에 따른 측두골 골절의 진단에서 뇌전산화 단층촬영의 유용성

권봉석 ( Bong Seok Kwon ),신동혁 ( Dong Hyuk Shin ),최필조 ( Pil Cho Choi ),한상국 ( Sang Kuk Han ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hun Lee ),송형곤 ( Hyoung Gon Song ) 대한외상학회 2010 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: The clinical utility of brain computed tomography (CT) in detecting temporal bone fracture is not well established. We performed this study to determine the utility of brain computed tomography (CT) in detecting fractures of the temporal bones in correlation with fracture patterns. We used high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as the gold standard for diagnosing temporal bone fracture and its pattern. Methods: From January 2007 to December 2009, patients who underwent both brain CT and HRCT within 10 days of head trauma were investigated. Among them, 58 cases of temporal bone fracture confirmed by HRCT were finally included. Fracture patterns (transverse or non-transverse, otic capsule sparing or otic capsule violating) were determined by HRCT. Brain CT findings in correlation with fracture patterns were analyzed. Results: Among 58 confirmed cases of temporal bone fracture by HRCT, 14 cases (24.1%) were not detected by brain CT. Brain CT showed a significantly lower ability to detect temporal bone fracture with transverse component than without transverse component (p=0.020). Moreover, brain CT showed lower ability to detect otic capsule violating pattern than otic capsule sparing pattern (p=0.015). Among the 14 cases of temporal bone fracture that were not detected by brain CT, 4 cases lacked any objective physical findings (facial palsy, hemotympanum, external auditory canal bleeding) suggesting fractures of the temporal bones. Conclusion: Brain CT showed poor ability to detect temporal bone fracture with transverse component and otic capsule violating pattern, which is associated with a poorer clinical outcome than otic capsule sparing pattern. Routine use of HRCT to identify temporal bone fracture is warranted, even in cases without evidence of temporal bone fracture on brain CT scans or any objective physical findings suggestive of temporal bone fracture. (J Korean Soc Traumatol 2010;23:38-42)

Analysis of Clinical Feature and Management of Fish Bone Ingestion of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Kim, Jin Pyeong,Kwon, Oh Jin,Shim, Hyun Seok,Kim, Rock Bum,Kim, Jin Hyun,Woo, Seung Hoon Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec 2015 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.8 No.3

<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>Fish bone impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for patients to seek emergent care. The aim of this study was to find a clinical characteristics of patients with fish bone impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The study was conducted on 286 fish bone ingestion patients who complained of dysphagia and irritation after eating fish. The patients were treated according to the hospital protocol regarding the removal of fish bone. The parameters for the analysis included the age and sex of the patients, location and characteristics of the foreign body, method of removal, and type of fish.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The fish bone could be observed by the physical examination in the oral cavity and laryngopharynx in 198 patients (69.23%). For those patients in whom the foreign body could not be observed in oral cavity and laryngopharynx, noncontrast computed tomography (CT) (from nasopharynx to diaphragm) was performed. The fish bone was discovered in the esophagus of 66 patients (23.08%). The esophageal fish bone was successfully removed by transnasal flexible esophagoscopy (TNE) in 55 patients, the fish bone moved to the stomach in 10 patients and one fish bone was removed by rigid esophagoscopy due to esophageal abscess. The esophageal fish bone was mostly found in patients aged 50 years and older.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Fish bone foreign body ingestion in the esophagus appeared to be more common in older patients. Incorporating noncontrast CT and TNE can facilitate decision-making and adequate treatment for patients with fish bone impactions.</P>

Juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma in the small bones: two cases with unusual location and a literature review

오선주,정소학 대한병리학회 2022 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.56 No.3

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare bone tumor of cartilaginous origin, representing less than 1% of all bone tumors. It preferentially arises in the eccentric location of the metaphysis of a long tubular bone. Juxtacortical locations are reported infrequently in the long bones and even more rarely in short tubular bones, with only three cases documented. Here we present two new cases of juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma in the small bones. One was an intracortical osteolytic lesion of the metatarsal bone of the foot with degenerative atypia that histologically should be differentiated from chondrosarcoma. The other was a phalangeal mass protruding into the interphalangeal joint of the hand, which had been labeled mistakenly as a soft tissue mass preoperatively. These cases illustrated that chondromyxoid fibromas have various the manifestations and should be included in the differential diagnosis of an osteolytic lesion or an exophytic mass in the small bones.

人骨 出土 事例로 본 中古期 新羅古墳 追加葬의 再認識

최정범 한국상고사학회 2023 한국상고사학보 Vol.122 No.122

Multiple bodies were buried in stone chamber tombs with old-style horizontal entrances that were designed to accommodate additional burials. The number of additional burials and time span between themcan be determined through physical research. However, the scarcity of cases where human bones were excavated has hindered the restoration of detailed aspects of these burials. Nevertheless, we focused on the possibility of restoration by studying the exposure of human bones in existing data. Prior to this, we organized the terminology related to additional burials and proceeded to analyze ancient tombs discovered in areas that date back tothe middle ancient period of Silla, where human bones from more than one individual were found. As a result, we categorized the bones into four types based on their exposure. The above data highlights several issues regarding additional burials. Firstly, it is observed that the number of buried bodies does not directly correspond to the number of thalami. Additionally, we propose the possibility of a facility specifically designed for burying bones collected from an individual’s remains. It is equally plausible that altars for burying remains or funeral altars were constructed for the purpose of interring the gathered bones. Furthermore, we have also confirmed that the types of tombs prepared prior to death were likewise utilized for additional burials. Our conclusions suggest that these phenomena emergedfrom the re-dissemination of Silla’s central regulations and perspectives on horizontal entrance tombs and funeral ceremonies in rural areas sincethe sixth century, along with the corresponding pressure to adopt these burial practices.

화석환경학으로 다시 보는 한국 구석기시대의 예술품

조태섭 한국구석기학회 2014 한국구석기학보 Vol.- No.29

In the memory of the 50th anniversary of the Korean paleolithic study, we try to review and re-analyze of the Paleolithic animal fossils which have been found in the cave sites in our country. In spite of the increase of sites and diverse researches, it is true that there are many problems to be solved. Iin the point of the animal bone study, many broken animal bones have been interpreted as bone tools and noted to the artifical pieces namely mobiles art objects. Recently the study of bone modification is developed by the progress of taphonomic researtch, so we try to find of the cause of bone modification of these pieces. Especially in the many biological agents, the carnivores play important roles to the bone modification and we can see the typical chewing marks and the holes in the broken bones. At first, the holes and cups(half holes) of some bones, which have been considered as the result of human activities and as the shapes of animal such as elephant and bison, are surely made with the action of carnivoress. In addition, bone cutting board or phalangess which classified as bone tools are confirmed to the results of carnivore's gnewing, chewing and digestive actions. These peices have made by the action of carnivores and couldn't regard as the mobile art objects and ornaments because there is no relation with the human activity. Away from a superficial interpretation and subjective opinion, scientific and objective observations to the animal bones unearthed in the paleolithic sites, will provide us the better understanding of bone modification. 한국의 구석기연구가 50년을 넘어서고 있는데, 그동안 유적의 양도 증가하고 연구도 다양하여졌지만 해결해야 할 과제도 많은 것이 사실이다. 그 가운데 동굴유적에서 출토된 동물화석의 해석 역시 그동안 많은 지적을 받아왔기에 이 글에서는 이러한 유물들에 대한 재검토를 시도하여 보았다. 더욱이 여기서 언급되는 여러 뼈 유물들이 예술품 혹은 치레걸이로 해석되고 있는데 이제는 이들을 다시 검토하여 볼 필요가 있는 것이다. 이러한 작업을 위하여 요즈음 활발히 연구가 진행되는 화석환경학의 시각에서 동물뼈의 변형 요인을 알아보았다. 특히 사람 못지않게 왕성하게 뼈를 변화시킨 식육류의 역할과 그 결과 나타나는 특징을 대표적인 구멍내기와 씹기를 중심으로 고찰하여 보았으며, 이를 한국의 구석기유적에서 발견된 뼈유물 들과 비교 분석을 하여보았다. 먼저 굼 또는 구멍 있는 뼈들은 그동안 이 구멍이 사람에 의해 만들어진 것이고, 또 이를 이용하여 코끼리나 들소 등 짐승의 모양으로 형상화시킨 예술품으로 보고되었다. 그러나 이 구멍들은 식육류에 의한 것이며 확실한 인공의 행위가 발견되지 않았다. 또한 뼈모탕이나 발가락 뼈연모로 분류되었던 것들도 사실은 식육류의 씹기자국들과 소화작용 등에 의해 만들어진 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 식육류의 작용에 의해 변형된 뼈들을 예술품이나 치레걸이 등으로 분류하는 것은 이제 지양하여야 할 것이다. 주관적 견해와 피상적 해석에서 벗어나 과학적이고 객관적으로 분석할 때 우리나라의 구석기시대에 출토된 동물뼈로 만들어진 예술품에 대한 올바른 이해를 할 수 있을 것이다.

Characteristics of contact and distance osteogenesis around modified implant surfaces in rabbit tibiae

최정유,심재혁,In-Sung Luke Yeo 대한치주과학회 2017 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.47 No.3

Purpose: Contact and distance osteogenesis occur around all endosseous dental implants. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that these processes occur independently of each other. To test this, we used titanium (Ti) tubes to physically separate contact and distance osteogenesis, thus allowing contact osteogenesis to be measured in the absence of possible triggers from distance osteogenesis. Methods: Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) and modified SLA (modSLA) implants were used. Both types had been sandblasted with large grit and then etched with acid. The modSLA implants then underwent additional treatment to increase hydrophilicity. The implants were implanted into rabbit tibiae, and half were implanted within Ti tubes. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratio was calculated for each implant. Immunohistochemical analyses of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expression and new bone formation (Masson trichrome stain) were performed. Results: The implants outside of Ti tubes were associated with good bone formation along the implant surface. Implantation within a Ti tube significantly reduced the BIC ratio (P<0.001). Compared with the modSLA implants, the SLA implants were associated with significantly higher BIC ratios, regardless of the presence or absence of Ti tubes (P=0.043). In the absence of Ti tubes, the bone adjacent to the implant had areas of new bone formation that expressed BMP-2 at high levels. Conclusions: This study disproved the null hypothesis and suggested that contact osteogenesis is initiated by signals from the old bone that undergoes distance osteogenesis after drilling. This signal may be BMP-2.