연초의 세균성마름병 저항성 유전에 관한 연구

정석훈 한국연초학회 2000 한국연초학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Bacterial wilt(Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the major diseases of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the world. This study was conducted to investigate degree of dominance, selection, and correlation between leaf shape and degree of bacterial wilt resistance in flue-cured tobacco. The degree of disease caused by bacterial wilt was evaluated in parents, F$_1$, F$_2$ and F$_3$ populations of two crosses, BY 4 x NC 95 and BY 4 x Coker 86, in the infected field. The leaf shape index was also measured in parents and F$_2$ population of BY 4 x NC 95. The incidence of bacterial wilt was observed in the middle of June and peaked in late July, when the highest value of pathogen density reached 1.0 x 10$^{6}$ colony forming unit per gram. It was concluded that the inheritance mode of risestance to bacterial wilt in the above two crosses of susceptible and resistant varieties was recessive and polygenic. The resistance to bacterial wilt was significantly correlated with leaf shape in F2 generation of BY 4 x NC 95. But certain plants having narrower leaves were also resistant to bacterial wilt. It is considered that the bacterial wilt resistant lines having narrower leaves could be selected. The selection for bacterial wilt resistance in the F$_2$ population might be effective.

토마토 대목용 품종 ‘파워가드’ 육성

최학순,양은영,조명철,채영,김옥례,정효봉 한국국제농업개발학회 2020 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

‘파워가드’는 ‘6TS72S’ב07-9-47’ 교배조합에서 계통 분리 하여 선발하였다. 2007년 풋마름병 저항성 대목 품종인 ‘B 바리아(다끼이)’와 ‘B블로킹(다끼이)’ 간 교배를 실시하여 F1 조합을 작성하였고, 여기에 시듦병 저항성 유전자를 집적하기 위해 저항성 자원인 ‘07-9-47’과 다시 교배하였다. 매년 2세대씩 풋마름병 인공 접종을 실시하여 저항성 개체를 선발하였으며, 시듦병 저항성은 분자표지를 이용하여 확인하였다. 후대검 정으로 우수계통을 선발하고 2009년과 2010년 1년 2세대 진전으로 형질을 고정하였다. 2011년 풋마름병과 시듦병 등에 저항성을 보이며 균일성과 안정성이 확보된 F6세대의 고정계통을 최종적으로 육성하였고 이를 ‘파워가드’라고 명명하였다. ‘파워가드’는 풋마름병 뿐만 아니라 시듦병(I3), 고구마 뿌리혹 선충(Rex), 토마토 모자이크 바이러스(ToMV), 줄기 마름병 (Asc1), TYLCV(Ty3)에 복합내병성을 가지고 있다. ‘파워가드’의 생장형은 무한형이며 과형은 원형이며 평균과중 40 g 정도, 당도는 4.2 oBrix 정도이다. ‘Powerguard’ was developed from three-way crosses between two bacterial wilt resistant cultivars and a Fusarium wilt resistant line. In 2007, a F1 hybrid, ‘6TS72S’ was obtained from a cross between ‘B-barrier’ (Takii Seed Co.) and ‘B-blocking’ (Takii Seed Co.). Both parental lines were resistant to bacterial wilt. To stack Fusarium wilt resistance gene, ‘6TS72S’ was crossed with ‘07-9-47’. Two generations were proceeded per year by selecting individuals resistant to both bacterial and Fusarium wilt. For selection, bacterial wilt inoculation, and Fusarium wilt molecular marker tests were applied. Superior progenies were selected through progeny tests and the resistance characteristics were fixed through generation advancement during 2009 (F2~F3) and 2010 (F4~F5). In 2011, an inbred line (F6) with bacterial and Fusarium wilt resistance along with uniformity and stability were obtained and designated as ’Powerguard’. The cultivar ‘Powerguard’ is resistant not only to bacterial wilt and but to Fusarium wilt (I3), root knot nematode (Rex), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), alternaria stem canker (Asc1) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Ty3). ‘Powerguard’ shows indeterminate growth and has round-shaped fruits with average 40 g weight and 4.2oBrix sugar content.

Reduced Tomato Bacterial Wilt by Ferrous Chloride Application

Kim Hyeon Ji,Kim Su Min,Kim Yeon Hwa,Park Jeong Hoon,Kang Dong Ki,Yun Jae Gill,Shin Ryoung,Hong Jeum Kyu 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.1

Exogenous ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) suppressed in vitro growth of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, causing bacteria for tomato bacterial wilt. More than 50 μM of FeCl₂ reduced the in vitro bacterial growth in dosedependent manners. Two to 200 μM of FeCl₂ did not affect the fresh weight of detached tomato leaves at 3 and 5 days after the petiole dipping without the bacterial inoculation. The bacterial wilt of the detached tomato leaves was evaluated by inoculating two different inoculum densities of R. pseudosolanacearum (10⁵ and 10⁷ cfu/ml) in the presence of FeCl₂. Bacterial wilt in the detached leaves by 10⁵ cfu/ml was efficiently attenuated by 10–200 μM of FeCl₂ at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), but bacterial wilt by 10⁷ cfu/ml was only reduced by 200 μM of FeCl₂ at 3 and 5 dpi. These results suggest that iron nutrients can be included in the integrated disease management of tomato bacterial wilt.

Chemical Pesticides and Plant Essential Oils for Disease Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Lee, Young-Hee,Choi, Chang-Won,Kim, Seong-Hwan,Yun, Jae-Gill,Chang, Seog-Won,Kim, Young-Shik,Hong, Jeum-Kyu The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.1

Efficacy of different control methods was evaluated for disease management of tomato bacterial wilt caused by $Ralstonia$ $solanacearum$. All six chemical pesticides applied to the bacterial suspension showed $in$ $vitro$ bactericidal activities against $R.$ $solanacearum$. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of copper hydroxide (CH), copper hydroxide-oxadixyl mixture (CH+O), and copper oxychloride-dithianon mixture (CO+D) were all 200 ${\mu}g/ml$; MIC of copper oxychloride-kasugamycin (CO+K) mixture was 100 ${\mu}g/ml$; MICs of both streptomycin- validamycin (S+V) and oxine copper-polyoxine B mixture (OC+PB) were 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. Among these chemical pesticides, treatment of the detached tomato leaves with the 5 pesticides (1 mg/ml), except for OC+PB delayed early wilting symptom development caused by the bacterial inoculation ($10^6$ and $10^7$ cfu/ml). Four pesticides, CH, CH+O, CO+K and S+V, showed disease protection in pot analyses. Six plant essential oils, such as cinnamon oil, citral, clove oil, eugenol, geraniol and limonene, differentially showed their antibacterial activities $in$ $vitro$ against $R.$ $solanacearum$ demonstrated by paper disc assay. Among those, cinnamon oil and clove oil exert the most effective activity for protection from the wilt disease caused by the bacterial infection ($10^6$ cfu/ml). Treatment with cinnamon oil and clove oil also suppressed bacterial disease by a higher inoculum concentration ($10^7$ cfu/ml). Clove oil could be used for prevention of bacterial wilt disease of tomato plants without any phytotoxicity. Thus, we suggest that copper compounds, antibiotics and essential oils have potency as a controlling agent of tomato bacterial wilt.

Chemical Pesticides and Plant Essential Oils for Disease Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt

이영희,최창원,김성환,윤재길,Seog Won Chang,김영식,홍점규 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.1

Efficacy of different control methods was evaluated for disease management of tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. All six chemical pesticides applied to the bacterial suspension showed in vitro bactericidal activities against R. solanacearum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of copper hydroxide (CH), copper hydroxide-oxadixyl mixture (CH+O), and copper oxychloride-dithianon mixture (CO+D) were all 200 μg/ml; MIC of copper oxychloride-kasugamycin (CO+K) mixture was 100 μg/ml; MICs of both streptomycin-validamycin (S+V) and oxine copper-polyoxine B mixture (OC+PB) were 10 μg/ml. Among these chemical pesticides, treatment of the detached tomato leaves with the 5 pesticides (1 mg/ml), except for OC+PB delayed early wilting symptom development caused by the bacterial inoculation (106 and 107 cfu/ml). Four pesticides,CH, CH+O, CO+K and S+V, showed disease protection in pot analyses. Six plant essential oils, such as cinnamon oil, citral, clove oil, eugenol, geraniol and limonene,differentially showed their antibacterial activities in vitro against R. solanacearum demonstrated by paper disc assay. Among those, cinnamon oil and clove oil exert the most effective activity for protection from the wilt disease caused by the bacterial infection (106 cfu/ml). Treatment with cinnamon oil and clove oil also suppressed bacterial disease by a higher inoculum concentration (107 cfu/ml). Clove oil could be used for prevention of bacterial wilt disease of tomato plants without any phytotoxicity. Thus, we suggest that copper compounds, antibiotics and essential oils have potency as a controlling agent of tomato bacterial wilt.

고추 풋마름병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정법 확립

황성민,장경수,최용호,김헌,최경자 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.4

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease in cultivation of chili pepper, causing plant death and significant yield losses. Cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is the most suitable measure to control bacterial wilt of chili pepper. To establish an efficient screening method for resistant chili pepper to R. solanacearum, six resistant or susceptible cultivars to the R. solanacearum were selected and the development of bacterial wilt on the cultivars according to several conditions was investigated. Drenching bacterial suspension into the cut roots using a scalpel was more simple and effective to distinguish resistant and susceptible cultivars than inoculation methods of root-dipping or soil-drenching without wounding. A resistant pepper, ’MC4’ to R. solanacearum showed high resistance under the developed conditions which were 21- to 28-day-old pepper inoculated with 1×108 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension. On the other hands, the susceptible cultivars represented high disease severity under the conditions. These results indicated that we developed an efficient method to evaluate resistance of chili pepper cultivars against bacterial wilt. In addition, we successfully evaluated resistance degree of 140 commercial chili pepper cultivars to R. solanacearum using the developed method.

Induced Systemic Resistance by Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 Suppressed Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Park, Kyung-Seok,Paul, Diby,Kim, Yong-Ki,Nam, Ki-Woong,Lee, Young-Kee,Choi, Hyo-Won,Lee, Sang-Yeob The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.1

Biocontrol activity of five strains of selected rhizo-bacteria were tested in tomato against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. After root bacterization the plants were grown in a perlite-hydroponic system. Upon challenge inoculation with the pathogen, all of the rhizobacterial strains efficiently suppressed the bacterial wilt in tomato in various rates, at maximum by the strain, Bacillus vallismortis strain EXTN-1. While the percent of infected plants in the non-bacterized control plants were 95%, it was only 65% in plants pre-treated with EXTN-1. It was also demonstrated that the movement of R. solanacearum within the stem was significantly hampered when the plants were root bacterized. As EXTN-1 has no antagonistic properties against R. solanacearum, the bacterial wilt was probably suppressed by a mechanism other than antibiosis. Previously, the strain had been proven to produce an efficient elicitor for inducing systemic resistance in many crops. As the present study confirmed that EXTN-1 has the ability for reducing the pathogen spread in tomato, the strain could be effectively used as a potential biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt.

한국에서 분리한 Ralstonia solanacearum에 대한 순계 토마토의 병 반응과 고온에서의 발병

이형주,이선우,조은정,김남희,채영 한국식물병리학회 2011 식물병연구 Vol.17 No.3

This study evaluated disease resistance responses of pure lines of tomato plants at various temperature conditions against Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from Korea. Evaluation of six tomato lines with various strains of R. solanacearum showed that many strains can infect the resistant lines of tomato plants previously known as highly tolerant to bacterial wilt. One of the most virulent strains, SL341 (race 1 and biovar 4) caused severe infection on all six tomato lines, irrespective of temperature. In contrast, a moderately virulent strain SL1944 (race 1, biovar 4) showed the remarkable difference in disease progress on some resistant lines dependent on temperature. Moneymaker and Bonny Best were susceptible to SL1944 at all tested conditions with different temperature. However, tomato lines, such as Hawaii 7998, Hawaii 7996, Bblocking which were previously known as highly tolerant lines, were severely infected by SL1944 at relatively higher temperature (35℃ for 14 hr light and 28℃ for 10 hr dark cycle). The disease progress at high temperature was much faster than those at low temprature on the same tomato line and those on Moneymaker and Bonny Best at the same high temprature. This result suggested that R. solanacearum strains isolated in Korea were highly virulent to bacterial wilt resistant tomato lines and some strains may cause severe infection on those plants at higher temperature. Ralstonia solanacearum에 의해 발생하는 토마토 풋마름병에 대하여 저항성으로 알려진 토마토 순계 품종의 국내 병원균에 대한 저항성 반응을 온도별로 평가하였다. 한국에서 분리된 R. solanacearum 균주로 토마토 순계 6 품종의 저항성을 평가한 결과 기존에 저항성으로 알려진 토마토 순계들이 한국 분리균주에 대하여는 대부분 저항성을 유지하지 못하였다. 병원성이 강한 균주인 SL341 (race 1, biovar 4) 균주는 검정한 대부분의 품종에서 온도에 관계없이 강한 병원성을 보였다. 반면, 담배에서 분리된 균주인 SL1944(race 1, biovar 4)은 온도에 따라 발병진전이 현저하게 차이가 났다. Moneymaker와 Bonny Best와 같은 품종은 온도에 관계없이 SL1944에 대하여 감수성이었다. 그러나, 풋마름병 저항성 품종으로 알려진 Hawaii 7998, Hawaii 7996, B-blocking 품종은 오히려 상대적으로 고온인 조건(35℃에서 14시간 명조건과 28℃에서 10시간 암조건)에서 급격히 발병하였다. 병 진전은 동일한 품종의 낮은 온도에서 병 진전이나 Moneymaker나 Bonny Best 같은 품종에서 동일한 고온 조건의 발병에 비해 눈에 띄게 빨랐다. 본 연구결과는 국내에서 분리된 균주들이 기존에 저항성 토마토 품종을 가해할 수 있으며 고온조건에서는 품종의 저항성 붕괴의 가능성으로 급격한 풋마름병이 유발될 수 있음을 제시한다.

Culturing Simpler and Bacterial Wilt Suppressive Microbial Communities from Tomato Rhizosphere

Nazish Roy,Kihyuck Choi,Raees Khan,Seon-Woo Lee 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Plant phenotype is affected by a community of associated microorganisms which requires dissection of the functional fraction. In this study, we aimed to culture the functionally active fraction of an upland soil microbiome, which can suppress tomato bacterial wilt. The microbiome fraction (MF) from the rhizosphere of Hawaii 7996 treated with an upland soil or forest soil MF was successively cultured in a designed modified M9 (MM9) medium partially mimicking the nutrient composition of tomato root exudates. Bacterial cells were harvested to amplify V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene for QIIME based sequence analysis and were also treated to Hawaii 7996 prior to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation. The disease progress indicated that the upland MM9 1st transfer suppressed the bacterial wilt. Community analysis revealed that species richness was declined by successive cultivation of the MF. The upland MM9 1st transfer harbored population of phylum Proteobacteria (98.12%), Bacteriodetes (0.69%), Firmicutes (0.51%), Actinobacteria (0.08%), unidentified (0.54%), Cyanobacteria (0.01%), FBP (0.001%), OD1 (0.001%), Acidobacteria (0.005%). The family Enterobacteriaceae of Proteobacteria was the dominant member (86.76%) of the total population of which genus Enterobacter composed 86.76% making it a potential candidate to suppress bacterial wilt. The results suggest that this mixed culture approach is feasible to harvest microorganisms which may function as biocontrol agents.

First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 Race 1 on Tomato in Egypt

Seleim, Mohamed A.A.,Abo-Elyousr, Kamal A.M.,Abd-El-Moneem, Kenawy M.,Saead, Farag A. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.3

This study aims to isolate and identify the causal pathogen of tomato bacterial wilt in Egypt. In 2008, tomato plants showing typical symptoms of bacterial wilt disease with no foliar yellowing were observed in Minia, Assiut and Sohag governorates, Egypt. When cut stems of symptomatic plants were submerged in water, whitish ooze was evident and longitudinal sections showed a brown discoloration in the vascular tissues. Bacteria were isolated on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium and fifteen isolates shown typical morphological and cultural characteristics were confirmed as Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 race 1. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates proved to be pathogenic to tomato plants, varied from 52 to 97% wilting. This is the first report of R. solanacearum biovar 2 race 1 causing bacterial wilt in tomato crop in Egypt.