항공사 경영에 관한 연구 리뷰: 경영전략, 인사조직, 재무관리, 항공물류를 중심으로

김문섭 한국항공경영학회 2023 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.21 No.6

우리 항공산업은 지난 20년간 괄목할만한 성장을 이루었다. 항공산업 성장의 외적 요인으로 국제노선 증가, 한류열풍, 주5일제 시행과 여가선호 세대의 등장, 항공자유화, LCC(Low Cost Carrier) 등장과 성장, 중국 및 동남아 지역의 경제성장과 소득수준 향상, 환율 및 유가 안정 등의 환경변화를 꼽을 수 있다. 이러한 외적 요인에 더해, 이러한 우호적인 항공산업 성장의 기회를 잡기 위한 국내 항공사들의 노선 확대, 항공운임 최적화, 생산성 향상, 서비스 차별화, 항공사간 제휴협력 등 다양한 노력이 있었기에 우리 항공산업의 성장이 가능했다. 그 과정에서 항공산업 성장이 순탄하지만은 않았다. 항공산업 내외의 위기도 적지 않았지만, 항공사들은 이를 극복하기 위해 끊임없는 노력을 기울였다. 특히, 코로나로 인해 어려움을 겪으며 이를 극복하기 위한 노력에 매진했던 항공사들은 4차 산업혁명, ESG 경영을 비롯한 변화에도 지혜롭게 선제적으로 대응하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 지난 20년간 항공사 경영의 이슈를 살펴보는 것은 새로운 위기와 변화에 적절히 대응하고 새롭게 도약하기 위해 노력하고 있는 항공사들에게 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 이를 위해 항공산업 분야 국내 대표 학술지인 항공경영학회지에 지난 20년간 게재된 논문 가운데 항공사 경영을 주제로 하는 논문들을 선정하여 분석하였다. 1차적으로 논문의 제목 및 키워드를 토대로 항공사 경영(경영전략, 인사조직, 재무관리, 항공물류) 영역에 해당하는 논문을 추린 후, 논문 초록 부분에 대한 검토를 토대로 항공사 경영에 해당하는 논문을 선정하였다. 1차적으로 선정된 논문을 대상으로 논문 본문 내용 검토 및 타 논문들과의 관련성을 비교 검토하면서 재분류작업을 진행하고 소주제별(경영전략, 인사조직, 재무관리, 항공물류) 논문을 최종 확정하였다. 분석대상 논문은 총 127편으로, 소주제별로 경영전략 66편, 인사조직 23편, 재무관리 21편, 항공물류 17편이었다. 경영전략에 대한 연구는 다시 세부주제인 항공사 전략, 항공 수요 및 노선, 항공사 운영관리, 항공사 ESG, 저비용 항공사로 분류하였다. 인사조직에 대한 연구는 다시 세부주제인 항공사 조직행동, 항공사 인적자원관리로 나누었고, 항공사 재무관리에 대한 연구는 다시 세부주제인 항공사 기업재무와 항공사 기업가치로 분류하였다. 항공물류에 대한 연구는 다시 세부주제인 항공물류 시스템, 항공물류 전략, 항공특송산업으로 분류하였다. 내용분석 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 지난 20년간 항공사들이 직면한 경영 이슈들을 경영학적 관점에서 심도 있게 접근한 연구들이 수행되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 예를 들어, 항공산업 성장기에는 항공운송 환경변화를 분석한 후 항공사의 성공요인 및 발전방향을 제시한 연구들이 진행되었다. LCC의 성장으로 경쟁이 심화된 상황에서는 경쟁상황을 분석한 연구 및 LCC의 발전방안을 제시한 연구, LCC에 대한 FSC(Full Service Carrier)의 대응방안을 제시한 연구, 경쟁에서 승리하기 위해 필수적인 수익경영에 대한 연구, 유동성 위기 상황에서 자금조달 방안 연구 등이 시의적절하게 수행되었다. 이러한 연구들은 항공사들이 직면한 경쟁상황에서 경쟁력을 향상시키는 방안에 대해 고민하는 항공사 실무자들에게 시사점을 제공한다. 둘째, 지난 20년간 항공사 경영의 주요 이슈를 학문적 차원에서 점검... Korean aviation industry has achieved remarkable growth over the past 20 years. The causes of the growth in the aviation market include an increase in international routes, the Korean Wave phenomenon, the implementation of a five-day work week and the emergence of a leisure-preferred generation, aviation liberalization, the emergence and growth of LCC, economic growth and income level improvement of China and Southeast Asia, stable exchange rates and fuel prices etc. In addition to these factors, domestic airlines in Korea have made significant contributions by expanding routes, optimizing airfares, improving productivity, differentiating services, and fostering collaboration among airlines to seize opportunities for this favorable growth in the aviation market. Airlines facing challenges due to the impact of COVID-19 must also proactively respond to changes such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution and ESG management. To do so, it is necessary to examine issues in airline management over the past 20 years and explore strategies for airlines to cope with these changes. For this, this study analyzed papers published in the past 20 years in the leading academic journal in the field of aviation management, the Journal of the Aviation Management Society of Korea. Initially, we filtered papers with a focus on airline management by examining the titles and keywords of the papers. After identifying papers related to airline management in areas such as management strategy, human resources and organization, financial management, and aviation logistics, we further refined our selection by reviewing the abstracts of these papers. The next step involved a detailed examination of the selected papers, considering their content and relevance to other papers, leading to a reclassification process and the final confirmation of papers under specific subtopics. The analysis covered a total of 127 papers, with subtopics categorized as follows: 66 papers on management strategy, 23 papers on human resources and organization, 21 papers on financial management, and 17 papers on aviation logistics. Research on management strategy was further divided into subtopics such as airline strategy, aviation demand and routes, airline operations management, airline ESG, and LCC. Studies on human resources and organization were further categorized into organizational behavior and human resource management. Research on financial management was classified into corporate finance and corporate value. Aviation logistics was subdivided into aviation logistics systems, aviation logistics strategy, and the aviation express cargo industry. The results of the content analysis and implications are as follows. Firstly, it was observed that in-depth research from a managerial perspective has been conducted on the management issues faced by airlines over the past 20 years. For instance, during the growth period of the aviation industry, studies analyzed changes in the aviation transportation environment, identified success factors, and proposed development directions. In situations where competition intensified due to the growth of LCCs, research focused on analyzing the competitive landscape, suggesting development strategies for LCCs, proposing strategy for FSCs against LCCs, and examining essential Revenue Management. These studies provide valuable insights for airline practitioners grappling with the issues faced by airlines. Secondly, by understanding the major issues in airline management, it is possible to grasp the flow of airline management. This insight can be instrumental for researchers interested in airline management to guide their future research directions. Thirdly, given the diverse research areas in airline management such as management strategy, human resources and organization, financial management, and aviation logistics, a variety of research methodologies have been employed. This provides guidance on suitable methodologies for researchers interest...

한국항공경영학회 연구 성과에 대한 고찰

송상연,김병재,이정훈,이한석 한국항공경영학회 2023 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.21 No.6

본 연구는 한국항공경영학회 창립 20주년을 맞이하여, 이 기간 동안의 학문적 발전과 성과를 되돌아보고 미래 연구에 대한 방향성을 제시하기 위하여 20년 동안의 항공산업 주요 이슈 및 한국항공경영학회의 주요 연구 동향을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 항공산업 주요 이슈로는 항공산업의 성장과 세계화, 항공서비스의 지속적인 혁신, 항공화물 시장의 성장과 국내 항공사의 괄목할 만한 성과, 신공항 건설과 인천국제공항의 확장, 공항운영의 선진화, LCC의 출현과 성장, 디지털 전환과 항공서비스 혁신, UAM을 비롯한 항공우주산업의 성장, COVID-19와 이의 극복을 위한 전 산업계의 대응 노력 등을 도출해 보았다. 또한 주요 연구 주제를 6가지 세부 분야로 구분하고 각 주제와 관련된 최근 10년 동안의 주요 연구를 살펴보고 학문적 및 실무적 시사점을 정리해 보았다. 게재논문을 연구 주제별로 분류해 볼 때 한국항공경영학회는 항공 및 연관 사업의 환경 변화, 공항 경영, 항공사 경영, 항공서비스 관리, 항공 마케팅, 항공 제조 산업과 차세대 항공이라는 6개의 분야에 대해 연구를 진행해 왔다. 이러한 이슈별로 많은 연구자들이 해당 이슈의 의미와 시사점, 이슈 극복 및 대응을 위한 방안 등을 적극적으로 제시함으로써 항공산업의 성장에 한국항공경영학회가 큰 기여를 한 것으로 평가되었다. In celebration of the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Korean Aviation Management Association, this study examines significant issues in the aviation industry over the past 20 years and significant research trends of the Korean Aviation Management Association in order to look back on academic developments and achievements during this period and suggest directions for future research. We wanted to find out. Significant issues in the aviation industry include growth and globalization of the aviation industry, continuous innovation in aviation services, growth of the air cargo market and remarkable performance of domestic airlines, construction of a new airport and expansion of Incheon International Airport, advancement of airport operations, the emergence and growth of LCC, digital transformation, and aviation service innovation, growth of the aerospace industry including UAM, COVID-19 and the entire industry's response efforts to overcome it were derived. In addition, we looked at detailed research topics in each of the six significant fields and primary research related to them over the past ten years. We summarized the academic and practical implications of these studies. When classifying published papers by research topic, the Korean Society of Aviation Management conducts much research in six major fields: environmental changes in aviation and related businesses, airport management, airline management, aviation service management, aviation marketing, aviation manufacturing industry, and next-generation aviation. have been going on. For each of these issues, the Korean Society of Aviation Management was evaluated as having made a significant contribution to the growth of the aviation industry by actively suggesting the meaning and implications of the issue, the implications of the issue, and ways to overcome and respond to the issue.

항공법,정책 : 항공안전관리에 관한 법적 고찰

소재선 ( Jae Seon So ),이창규 ( Chang Kyu Lee ) 한국항공우주정책.법학회(구 한국항공우주법학회) 2014 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.29 No.1

항공안전관리는 항공운용 등에 있어서 승무원, 항공기 및 기타 자원의 안전을 확보하기 위한 항공산업 전반에 대한 관리이다. 국제민간항공기구는 안전한 항공기술의 발전을 위하여 국제 기술표준의 중요성을 인식하고 국제민간항공협약에서 19개 부속서(Annex 19)를 제정하였다. 이에 따라 각 회원국도 국제민간항공기구의 정책에 맞춰 항공법령에 국제표준 및 권고사항을 수용하게 되었으며 2013년 11월 14일부터 적용되는 부속서 19에서는 그간 항공안전에 관한 각국의 의견을 반영하여 항공안전관리체계가 제시되었다. 이 같은 국제적 흐름에 따라 국토교통부는 2012년 1차 항공정책 기본계획으로 사전예방적 안전관리 전략을 추진할 것이라고 공표하였으며 부속서 19의 안전관리에 대한 핵심인 항공안전프로그램(SSP) 및 안전관리시스템(SMS) 등을 통합하여 기술·인적자원 정보공유와 투자우선순위 결정, 항공안전관련 주체들의 협력강화를 하기 위한 정책을 시행 중이다. 부속서 19는 국가항공안전프로그램(SSP), 항공안전관리시스템(SMS), 항공안전감독시스템, 안전정보수집, 공유 및 보호정책에 대한 내용을 포함하며 예방적인 안전관리의 체제로 전환을 유도하고 있다. 항공안전프로그램은 안전 증진을 목표로 정부의 규정과 활동을 통합적으로 관리하는 일련의 활동체계를 의미한다. 본 프로그램의 목적은 항공운송사업자, 항행서비스 공급자, 공항운영자, 훈련 및 정비 기관에서 제공하는 항공 서비스의 허용 가능한 안전 수준을 설정하고 관리하는 것이다. 항공안전관리시스템은 위험정보 통계에 근거하여 예측적인 위험관리가 핵심인바 항공안전관리시스템의 성공적인 운영을 위해서는 풍부한 위험정보의 수집이 필수적이다. 수집되는 정보 중 대형사고는 의무보고제도에 의해 보고를 받게 되지만(「항공법」 제49조의3), 소규모 사고는 자체보고하지 않는다면 진지한 조사가 행해지지 않고서는 알 수 없기 때문에 이에 대한 위험사고 수집이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 국내 항공교통의 안전확보는 정부의 주요 임무이다. 정부는 국제민간항공기구의 기준과 국내항공법규 요건을 준수하고 안전한 정도를 유지하기 위하여 필요한 전략과 프로세스를 수립·시행하며 이를 지속적으로 개선하여야 한다. 민간항공사는 안전관리의 향상과 안전문화 조성을 위하여 전자적인 안전관리기법을 적용하여 안전제반기능이 구현되도록 노력해야 한다. 항공안전은 항공실무를 토대로 규칙을 제정하여야 하는바 항공안전 규제 사항에 대하여 항공산업계의 의견을 적극 수렴해야 한다. 또한 항공안전 보고제도와 자유로운 정보교환 여건을 조성하여 효율적인 안전관리 실현을 지원해야 하며, 안전과 관련된 문제를 해결하는 과정에서 민간항공사와 공조해야 한다. 항공안전 활동을 위하여 적절한 자원을 배정하고 직원의 교육·훈련을 통해 안전관리에 관한 기량을 유지시켜야 하며, 안전목표의 달성도 평가 및 위험도 평가와 같은 성과기반의 점검과 안전기준·절차이행점검 방식을 병행해야 할 것이다. Safety Management System is the aviation industry policy for while operating the aircraft, to ensure the safety crew, aircraft and passengers. For operating a safe aircraft, in order to establish the international technical standards, the International Civil Aviation Organization has established the Annex 19 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. As a result, member country was supposed to be in accordance with the policy of the International Civil Aviation Organization, to accept the international standard of domestic air law. The South Korean government announced that it would promote active safety management strategy in primary aviation policy master plan of 2012. And, by integrating and state safety programmes(ssp) and safety management system(sms) for the safe management of Annex 19 is to enforce the policy on aviation safety standards. State safety programmes(ssp) is a system of activities for the aim of strengthening the safety and integrated management of the activities of government. State safety programmes(ssp) is important on the basis of the data of the risk information. Collecting aviation hazard information is necessary for efficient operation of the state safety programmes(ssp) Korean government must implement the strategy required to comply with aviation methods and standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Airlines, must strive to safety features for safety culture construction and improvement of safety management is realized. It is necessary to make regulations on the basis of the aviation practice, for aviation safety regulatory requirements, aviation safety should reflect the opinion of the aviation industry.

항공안전을 위한 인간공학적 대응

김대호,Kim, Dae Ho 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review, with the main focus on aviation safety technology and management program, how human factors are currently taken into consideration within transportation sectors, especially aviation, and to further share related information. Background: Human factors account for the majority of aviation accidents/incidents. Thus, the aviation sector has been comparatively quick in developing and applying technologies and management programs that deal with human factors. This paper reviews the latest safety technologies and management programs regarding human factors and aims to identify the trend. Method: This paper, based on literature research and practical experience, examines the latest international standards on technologies and management programs, those that deal with human factors and are adopted by international and domestic aviation organization. The main focus of discussion is how human factors are reflected during the system design and operation process. Results: The current most important issue in designing is the consideration of human factors in Cockpit, Automation, and Safety system technology design. From an operational point of view, the issues at hand are screening and training aviation workers to promote aviation safety, providing education on human factors and CRM/TEM, and running a safety management program to implement SMS. They were discussed based on the operational experience within the aviation sector. Conclusion: Major examples of a human factors approach to promote aviation safety are safety programs and various safety and monitoring technologies applied to aviation personnel for error management. These programs must be managed in an integrated manner that takes both the system designing and operational point of view into account. Application: It is thought that the human factors approach for promoting aviation safety reviewed in this paper can be extended and applied to safety management programs in other transportation sectors such as the railroad, maritime, road traffic etc.

항공계열 대학생의 자기관리역량이 사회불안에 미치는 영향

Lee Su-Jeong 한국항공우주의학협회 2024 항공우주의학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Purpose:This study is a descriptive research study that analyzed the effect of selfmanagement competence on social anxiety in aviation-related college students. Methods: Data were collected from a total of 90 students, including 40 from the Department of Aviation Operations and 50 from the Department of Aircraft Maintenance Engineering. Results: The self-management competence of aviation college students was found to be 3.55 points, and social anxiety was rated at 2.02 points. The study categorized students into groups based on their self-management competence levels, revealing that the group with high self-management competence had the lowest social anxiety at 1.65 points. The middle group showed social anxiety at 1.99 points, and the group with low self-management competence exhibited the highest social anxiety at 2.51 points. The study identified a negative correlation between self-management competence and social anxiety, indicating that as self-management competence increased, social anxiety decreased. Examining sub-elements of self-management competence and their correlation with social anxiety, the study found that self-emotion awareness and social anxiety exhibited a positive correlation. Conversely, self-control, confidence, selfexpression, perception of reality, independence, and social anxiety showed a negative correlation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that self-control had a negative effect on social anxiety, suggesting that strengthening self-management competence. Conclusion: In terms of self-control, strengthening self-management competence could reduce social anxiety among aviation college students.

A Study on the Revitalization Method of National Carrier(Low cost carrier) Safety Management System

Kyung-Chang Min,Ho-Won Hwang 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.6

Purpose - In this study, the safety related tasks for low cost carriers’ were examined and measures to improve them were suggested. As the air demand increases rapidly, number of passenger has mushroomed in Korea and in order to keep with the demand low cost carriers have played a role. However, low cost carriers’ safety related tasks are not reliable level so far. Thus, in this study, the low cost carriers’ current situations in terms of safety are investigated, especially regarding how well the ICAO’s new safety policies are applied. Research design, data, and methodology - The results of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation’ investigation are introduced and field study results are analysed. Current status of retaining experts, staffs, administrators in terms of aviation safety tasks of low cost carriers is compared to those of major airliner and low cost carriers’ aviation safety culture is also analyzed by examining the systems and questioning staffs. Especially the culture regarding aviation safety is very important because the culture surrounding the safety tasks plays a major role in every respect of conducting the tasks. Results – Overall the current status of low cost carriers’ aviation safety tasks is below standard. Especially retaining experts and staffs is basically below the required level. Also, system and organization to conduct safety tasks are not satisfactory. In particular, aviation safety culture is not settled to operate appropriately. Conclusions - The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and member states are continuing to launch new safety policies in response to the surging demand for air travel worldwide. The most urgent and important issue among the various safety policies is to reduce air accidents. In order to reduce the number of accidents, ICAO decided to reduce the number of accidents by using the Reactive Safety Management. ICAO has to ensure that each member country can implement proactive safety management for aviation safety. A safety management system (Safety Management System) is a system in which each member state implements a fulfillment standard. The current situation and problems of the safety management system for each airline are suggested and proposed for improvements.

A Study on Legal and Institutional Improvement Measures for the Effective Implementation of SMS -Focusing on Aircraft Accident Investigation-

유경인 한국항공우주정책⋅법학회 2017 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Even with the most advanced aviation technology benefits, aircraft accidents are constantly occurring while air passenger transportation volume is expected to double in the next 15 years. Since it is not possible to secure aviation safety only by the post aircraft accident safety action of accident investigations, it has been recognized and consensus has been formed that proactive and predictive prevention measures are necessary. In this sense, the aviation safety management system (SMS) was introduced in 2008 and has been carried out in earnest since 2011. SMS is a proactive and predictive aircraft accident preventive measure, which is a mechanism to eliminate the fundamental risk factors by approaching organizational factors beyond technological factors and human factors related to aviation safety. The methodology is to collect hazards in all the sites required for aircraft operations, to build a database, to analyze the risks, and through managing risks, to keep the risks acceptable or below. Therefore, the improper implementation of SMS indicates that the aircraft accident prevention is insufficient and it is to be directly connected with the aircraft accident. Reports of duty performance related hazards including their own errors are essential and most important in SMS. Under the policy of just culture for voluntary reporting, the guarantee of information providers' anonymity, non-punishment and non-blame should be basically secured, but to this end, under-reporting is stagnant due to lack of trust in their own organizations. It is necessary for the accountable executive(CEO) and senior management to take a leading role to foster the safety culture initiating from just culture with the safety consciousness, balancing between safety and profit for the organization. Though a Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport’s order, “Guidance on SMS Implementation” states the training required for the accountable executive(CEO) and senior management, it is not legally binding. Thus it is suggested that the SMS training completion certificates of accountable executive(CEO) and senior management be included in SMS approval application form that is legally required by “Korea Aviation Safety Program” in addition to other required documents such as a copy of SMS manual. Also, SMS related items are missing in the aircraft accident investigation, so that organizational factors in association with safety culture and risk management are not being investigated. This hinders from preventing future accidents, as the root cause cannot be identified. The Aircraft Accident Investigation Manuals issued by ICAO contain the SMS investigation wheres it is not included in the final report form of Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. In addition, the US National Transportation Safety Board(NTSB) that has been a substantial example of the aircraft accident investigation for the other accident investigation agencies worldwide does not appear to expand the scope of investigation activities further to SMS. For these reasons, it is believed that investigation agencies conducting their investigations under Annex 13 do not include SMS in the investigation items, and the aircraft accident investigators are hardly exposed to SMS investigation methods or techniques. In this respect, it is necessary to include the SMS investigation in the organization and management information of the final report format of Annex 13. In Korea as well, in the same manner, SMS item should be added to the final report format of the Operating Regulation of the Aircraft and Railway Accident Investigation Board. If such legal and institutional improvement methods are complemented, SMS will serve the purpose of aircraft accident prevention effectively and contribute to the improvement of aviation safety in the future.

항공사 ESG 경영이 기업이미지, 기업신뢰와 관계지속의도 간 구조적 관계 연구

조인아,민정배,이승곤 한국관광연구학회 2024 관광연구저널 Vol.38 No.2

요약: 친환경(E), 사회적 책임 경영(S), 지배구조 개선(G)을 뜻하는 ESG(Environment, Social, Governance)가 전 세계적으로 기업의 새로운 경영 비전으로 대두되면서 기업들은 이에 발맞추어 착한 기업, 지속성장 가능한 기업이 되기 위해 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 항공사의 소비자 관점에서 ESG 경영이 기업이미지와 기업신뢰에 미치는 영향과 기업이미지, 기업신뢰가 관계지속의도에 미치는 영향을 분석해 ESG 경영을 통해 항공사의 지속가능성과 경쟁력을 제고할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하고자 국내 항공사 이용 경험이 있는 고객을 대상으로 항공사의 ESG, 기업이미지, 기업신뢰, 관계지속의도에 대한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과, 항공사의 ESG 경영은 기업이미지, 기업신뢰에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업이미지 및 기업신뢰도와 관계지속의도 간에도 유의한 정(+)의 영향관계로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구에서는 ESG 경영이 항공기업에 대한 긍정적인 이미지를 형성하고 기업신뢰를 재고하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 밝혀냄으로써 항공사 또한 ESG 경영이 중요하다는 학술적 시사점과 항공사는 기업의 ESG 경영에 대한 홍보를 통해 환경, 사회, 지배구조에 대한 투명성을 소비자가 인식할 수 있도록 지속적으로 노력해야 된다는 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. Abstract: ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) is emerging as a new management vision, transforming companies around the world into good and sustainable enterprises. This study analyzed the impact of ESG management on corporate image and corporate trust from the perspective of aviation consumers and suggests ways to improve the sustainability and competitiveness of aviation through ESG management. To achieve the purpose of this study, an empirical analysis was conducted on aviation ESG, corporate image, corporate trust, and intention to maintain relationships for customers with domestic aviation experience. As a result of the study, it was found that aviation ESG management had a significant positive (+) effect on corporate image and corporate trust, and corporate image and corporate trust had a significant positive (+) effect on the intention to continue relationships. This study revealed that ESG management plays an important role in forming a positive image of aviation and in enhancing corporate trust, and suggests practical implications in that aviation companies should continue to recognize transparency for consumers in the environment, society, and governance structure.

항공안전을 위한 장애물 제한표면 관리시스템의 법·제도적 개선방향에 관한 소고

박담용 ( Park Dam-yong ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회(구 한국항공우주법학회) 2016 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.31 No.2

항공안전은 여러 분야의 제도와 정책, 그리고 현장에서의 치밀한 실행에 의해서 확보된다. 최근 우리나라의 항공안전관리는 항공관련 법령의 정비와 함께 제 2차 항공정책기본계획의 수립을 비롯하여 국가 항공안전프로그램을 구축하고 분야별 중점전략과제를 선정하여 계획적으로 추진하면서 항공사고 예방을 위해 노력하고 있다. 이 논문은 항공기의 안전한 이·착륙과 공항 주변에서 선회비행 시의 비행안전을 확보하기 위하여 설정·고시하고 있는 장애물 제한표면위로 건축물·구조물 등이 초과하지 않도록 제한하고 관리하는 현행의 장애물 관리시스템에 관하여 실무적 경험을 토대로 검토해보고 그 간의 운영상 문제점을 분석하여 법적· 제도적 측면의 개선 방안을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 특히, 최근에는 공항주변 지역주민들의 요구 등에 따라 항공학적 검토에 대한 연구와 논의도 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 조만간 이에 관한 하위법령의 제정과 세부절차도 마련될 것이나 이에 대한 논의와는 별도로 현재의 우리나라의 장애물 관리업무 수행에 대한 법규상 제도의 불비 등 일부 미흡한 부분에 관한 개선보완 방안을 제안하는 것이다. 장애물 제한표면의 관리와 신규 건축물 축조 등의 제한은 공항인근 주민들에 대한 재산권 행사의 실질적 제약으로 작용하므로 관련된 민원도 많으며 신중하고도 신속· 정확한 검토 판단이 요구되는 등 민감한 사안으로 취급되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 현재 이 업무는 항공법령에 의거 공항운영자가 수행주체가 되며 전국 민간공항이 소재하고 있는 지방자치단체와의 상호 협력관계 하에 이루어지고 있으며 실제 건축물·구조물 등의 설치허가권을 갖고 있는 지방자치단체의 매 사안에 대한 행정 행위가 매우 중요한 요소이다. 항공법령에 따라 공항운영자에게 매 5년마다 방대한 지역에 대한 정밀측량을 실시하고 그 결과의 현황에 대하여 정부에 보고토록 하고 있는데, 이 경우 측량오차로 인한 초과 장애물 현황의 개소 수가 다수 변동되거나, 각 지방자치 단체들이 건축허가를 행하기 전에 사전협의 신청절차를 아예 누락하는 등 많은 문제점이 나타날 수 있다. 그러나 이 정밀측량 실시에 대한 허용오차 범위의 기준이나 협의신청 누락 등의 업무적 해태에 대한 사전 예방적 제재수단 또는 적법한 신청절차의 미 이행 등 관계법령 위반 시의 벌칙규정 등이 없는 실정으로서, 이미 문제점이 발생된 이후에야 사후적인 조치를 할 수밖에 없는 경우가 있게 되는데 실제 건축물·구조물 등이 이미 장애물 제한표면을 초과하여 완공되어진 이후에는 현실적으로 그 건축물 등을 제거조치 하거나 하는 등의 어떠한 특별한 행위를 취하기는 사실상 매우 어려운 것이다. 건축물 등의 소유자는 적법한 건축허가를 받아서 건축한 것이기 때문이다. 이미 이러한 사례는 발생되었고 그로 인한 후속대책이 검토되고 있으나, 실제로는 합리적인 해결방안을 찾기 어려울 뿐만이 아니라 또 다른 사회적 문제를 유발할 것이 분명하다고 본다. 이러한 문제점을 근본적으로 해소시키기 위해서는 현행 항공법령을 보완하여 관련된 행정적 행위의 누락이나 적정한 절차위반 시에 부과하는 벌칙조항신설과 함께, 매 5년마다의 정밀측량 결과에 대한 허용오차 범위를 적용할 수 있도록 건축법에서와 같은 별도의 기준을 신설 규정하여야 한다고 판단되므로 보다 실효성 있는 법적· 제도적 개선 보완 방안을 제안하는 것이다. Aviation safety can be secured through regulations and policies of various areas and thorough execution of them on the field. Recently, for aviation safety management Korea is making efforts to prevent aviation accidents by taking various measures: such as selecting and promoting major strategic goals for each sector; establishing National Aviation Safety Program, including the Second Basic Plan for Aviation Policy; and improving aviation related legislations. Obstacle limitation surface is to be established and publicly notified to ensure safe take-off and landing as well as aviation safety during the circling of aircraft around airports. This study intends to review current aviation obstacle management system which was designed to make sure that buildings and structures do not exceed the height of obstacle limitation surface and identify its operating problems based on my field experience. Also, in this study, I would like to propose ways to improve the system in legal and regulatory aspects. Nowadays, due to the request of residents in the vicinity of airports, discussions and studies on aviational review are being actively carried out. Also, related ordinance and specific procedures will be established soon. However, in addition to this, I would like to propose the ways to improve shortcomings of current system caused by the lack of regulations and legislations for obstacle management. In order to execute obstacle limitation surface regulation, there has to be limits on constructing new buildings, causing real restriction for the residents living in the vicinity of airports on exercising their property rights. In this sense, it is regarded as a sensitive issue since a number of related civil complaints are filed and swift but accurate decision making is required. According to Aviation Act, currently airport operators are handling this task under the cooperation with local governments. Thus, administrative activities of local governments that have the authority to give permits for installation of buildings and structures are critically important. The law requires to carry out precise surveying of vast area and to report the outcome to the government every five years. However, there can be many problems, such as changes in the number of obstacles due to the error in the survey, or failure to apply for consultation with local governments on the exercise of construction permission. However, there is neither standards for allowable errors, preventive measures, nor penalty for the violation of appropriate procedures. As such, only follow-up measures can be taken. Nevertheless, once construction of a building is completed violating the obstacle limitation surface, practically it is difficult to take any measures, including the elimination of the building, because the owner of the building would have been following legal process for the construction by getting permit from the government. In order to address this problem, I believe penalty provision for the violation of Aviation Act needs to be added. Also, it is required to apply the same standards of allowable error stipulated in Building Act to precise surveying in the aviation field. Hence, I would like to propose the ways to improve current system in an effective manner.

장시간 체공 항공기 조종사의 피로위험관리 적용 연구

김대호,이장룡 한국항공운항학회 2019 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The development of the aviation industry and the changes in the military operation mission environment are demanding more long - distance operation (long - time flight), and such a flying environment is a risk factor for fatigue - related accidents. For the aviation related organizations such as ICAO and FAA, fatigue risk management system (FRMS) are applied along with flight time restriction regulations to prevent fatigue related accidents. The most important process in FRMS is fatigue risk management. Fatigue risk management systematically manages fatigue through scientific fatigue risk data collection and fatigue risk assessment. The purpose of this study is to applicate the assessment of scientific fatigue risk management to pilots of airplanes engaged in long flight. We reviewed the current state of risk management and FRMS through previous research. We also developed fatigue risk management indicators and examined the validity of internationally recognized fatigue risk data collection methods and fatigue risk assessment tools. There are 134 mission (flight) data used for development. In order to verify the indicators, the fatigue risk score between the items was assigned through pair-wise comparison. In addition, the verify test results were normalized.