무의미 이음절 최소대조짝을 이용한 청능훈련이 학령기 인공와우 이식 학생의 종성파열음 청지각 능력 개선에 미치는 효과

박선아,신혜정,박은실 한국언어치료학회 2019 言語治療硏究 Vol.28 No.1

Purpose : When cochlear implant transplant operations began to be covered under Korea's National Health Corporation in 2005, the number of such operations increased as did the concern for auditory training. Therefore, although people may have conducted constant auditory training since they were young, they have difficulty in perceiving nonsense syllables. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of auditory training through nonsense two-syllable minimal word pairs on the improvement of the rupture final plosive sound auditory perception for cochlear implant wearers. Methods : The subjects of the study were three school-age children wearing cochlear implants; a multi-treatment design was applied to examine the change of the rupture final plosive sound auditory perception. A total of 14 mediation sessions were conducted for 50-60 minutes per session. The mediation program included the rupture final plosive consonant /p ?/, /t ?/, /k ?/ phonemes as listening training, word review, discrimination training, and confirmation training. Results : The results of this study are as follows. First, the results demonstrate that discernment and confirmation ability improved, with every participant having showed improvement in auditory perception for final plosive consonant /p ?/, /t ?/, and /k ?/. Second, it was examined if generalization of any distinctive feature occurred as a result of the training program. The results demonstrate that the final consonants of /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/ including [±consonantal], [±anterior] of the same feature were enhanced. Conclusions : This study result confirmed that auditory training through nonsense two-syllable minimal word pairs improved the rupture final plosive sound auditory perception of school-age cochlear implant wearers. 목적: 우리나라에서 2005년부터 인공와우 이식수술에 대한 건강보험이 적용되면서 청각을 통한듣기능력을 강조하는 청능훈련에 대한 관심과 프로그램 개발이 활발하게 증가하고 있다. 그로 인해유아기부터 지속적인 청능훈련을 통해 말소리 지각력이 크게 향상되고 있지만, 문맥적인 정보가 없는무의미 음절 지각에서는 아직까지 어려움을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 문맥적인 정보가 없는 무의미 음절지각에 어려움을 가지는 인공와우 착용자에게 무의미 이음절 최소단어짝을 통한 청능훈련이 종성파열음청지각 능력 개선에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구의 대상자는 연구의 목적에 적합한학령기 인공와우 이식 학생 3명이며, 종성파열음 청지각 변화를 알아보기 위하여 중다중재 설계를적용하였다. 중재 시간은 한 회기당 50분간 총 14 회기를 실시하였고, 중재 프로그램은 종성파열음 [p ̚], [t ̚], [k ̚] 음소를 듣기훈련, 단어검토, 변별훈련, 확인훈련 순으로 진행하였다. 결과: 본 연구의결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학령기 인공와우를 착용한 대상자들의 종성파열음 [p ]̚ , [t ]̚ , [k ]̚ 의 변별능력과 확인 능력이 향상하였다. 둘째, 다음의 변별자질 [+자음성], [±전방성], [±설정성]이 포함된종성 자음 /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/의 말소리 확인 능력이 향상하였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 학령기인공와우 착용자들의 종성 파열음의 변별능력과 확인능력이 무의미 음절에서 향상하였다. 이상의연구결과를 통해 무의미 이음절 최소단어짝을 통한 청능훈련이 학령기 인공와우 착용자의 종성파열음청지각 능력을 개선시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

청지각 훈련과 병행한 감각통합치료가 발달지연 아동의 감각처리, 시 지각 발달, 주 의집중에 미치는 영향 : 개별실험연구

박미영,임영명,김희 대한감각통합치료학회 2017 대한감각통합치료학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is investigate the effects of sensory integration combined with auditory treatment on the sensory processing, visual perception and attention ability of children with developmental delay. Methods : A combined treatment of auditory training and sensory integration therapy was implemented to 3 children aged 4 to 7 and diagnosed with developmental delay during 9 weeks period from December 2016 to January 2017. ABA' design which is one of single subject research designs was used in this study. Baseline A had 4 sessions, intervention B had 15 sessions, and baseline A’ had 4 sessions, so 23 sessions were applied in total. During the baseline A and A 'periods, visual perception ability was measured by K-DTVP-2 (Korea Developmental Test Visual Perception-2) and sensory processing ability was evaluated by sensory profile. The maintenance time of attention was measured with the absence of intervention for the baseline period, and for the intervention period, it was measured at 10 minutes break time which was provided after the intervention. The children’s attention time during a fine motor task provided were measured using video recorder with the interval recording method, and the interval for the evaluation was 30 seconds. Results : No statistically significant difference were found in the visual perception function and sensory processing scores before and after treatment. Attention of participant A enhanced significantly while that of participant B and C did not improve significantly. Conclusion : It is hard to conclude that sensory integration therapy combined with auditory perception training has positive effects on visual perception function and attention of children with developmental delays. However, there were significant increase in attention and improvements in behavior related to sensory processing for some cases in this study. In further study, longer intervention periods and valid measurement need to be applied in order to get better results. And it is proposed that more studies need to be done to enhance evidence of auditory perception training as a mean to facilitate attention and to prepare learning. 목적 : 본 연구는 발달지연 아동에게 청지각 훈련과 병행한 감각통합 치료를 시행하여 감각처리, 시지각 발달, 주의집중에미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 발달지연 및 의심소견을 보이는 아동 만 4~7세 아동 3명을 대상으로 2016년 11월부터 2017년 1월 까지 총9주간 청지각 훈련과 감각통합치료를 병행하여 실시하고 평가 하였다. 개별실험연구방법(single subject research design)중 ABA' 설계를 사용하였으며, 기초선 1기간(A) 4회, 치료 1기간(B)15회, 기초선2 기간(A')4회로 총 23회기를적용하였다. 시지각 능력은 기초선 A와 A'기간에 Korean Developmental Test Visual Perception-2(K-DTVP-2) 를 통하여 측정하였고 감각처리능력은 감각프로파일(Sensory Profile)로 평가하였다. 주의집중 행동의 유지시간은 기초선 기간에 중재가 없는 상태에서 측정하였으며 중재 기간에는 매 중재 후 10분간 마무리 활동시 소근육 과제를 제공하여 비디오로 촬영하였고 등간기록법(interval recording)의 전간기록법을 사용하여 30초 간격으로 주의집중 발생을평가하였다. 결과 : 청지각 훈련과 감각통합치료를 실시하기 전보다 후에 시지각 기능과 감각처리의 점수의 수치상 향상은 있었고, 주의집중에서는 A아동에게서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 B, C 아동은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 청지각 훈련을 병행한 감각통합 치료가 발달지연 아동의 시지각 기능과 주의집중에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고결론짓기에는 한계가 있다. 그러나 일부 발달지연 아동에게서 주의집중의 유의미한 증진이 있었고 점수의 향상이 있었다. 향후 발달지연 아동에게 연구기간, 표준데이터를 제시할 수 있는 평가도구를 적용한다면 명확한 결과가 나타날수 있을 것이다. 또한 주의집중 유도와 학습을 준비하기 위한 치료방법으로 청지각 훈련의 연구가 추가적으로 시행되어야 한다.

시청각 자극의 시간적 인지 판단

유미(Mi Yu),이상민(Sang Min Lee),박용군(Yong-Jun Piao),권대규(Tae-Kyu Kwon),김남균(Nam-Gyun Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2007 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

In situations of spatio-temporal perception about visuo-auditory stimulus, researches propose optimal integration hypothesis that perceptual process is optimized to the interaction of the senses for the precision of perception. So, when the visual information considered generally dominant over any other sense is ambiguous, the information of the other sense like auditory stimulus influences the perceptual process in interaction with visual information. Thus, we performed two different experiments to certain the conditions of the interacting senses and influence of the condition. We consider the interaction of the vi suo-auditory stimulation in the free space, the color of visual stimulus and sex difference of testee with normal people. In first experiment, 12 participants were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation in the free space. When auditory temporal cues were presented, the change in the frequency of the visual stimulation was associated with a perceived change in the frequency of the auditory stimulation as the results of the previous studies using headphone. In second experiment, 30 male and 30 female were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a color of visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation. In the color condition using red and green. Both male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency. male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency however, in case of female, the standard deviation is larger than that of male. This results implies that audio-visual asymmetry effects are influenced by the cues of visual and auditory information, such as the orientation between auditory and visual stimulus, the color of visual stimulus.

Dynamics of Speech Perception in the Auditory-Visual Mode: An Empirical Evidence for the Management of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders

Jithin Raj Balan,Sandeep Maruthy 대한청각학회 2018 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.22 No.4

Background and Objectives: The present study probed into the relative and combined contribution of auditory and visual modalities in the speech perception of individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD). Specifically, the identification scores of consonantvowel (CV) syllables, visual enhancement (VE), and auditory enhancement in different signal to noise ratios (SNRs) were compared with that of the control group. Subjects and Methods: The study used a repeated measure standard group comparison research design. Two groups of individuals in the age range of 16 to 35 years participated in the study. The clinical group included 35 participants diagnosed as ANSD, while the control group had 35 age and gender matched individuals with typical auditory abilities. The participants were assessed for CV syllable identification in auditory only (A), visual only (V), and auditory-visual (AV) modalities. The syllables were presented in quiet and at 0 dB SNR. Results: The speech identification score was maximum in AV condition followed by A-condition and least in V condition. This was true in both the groups. The individuals with ANSD were able to make better use of visual cues than the control group, as evident in the VE score. Conclusions: The dynamics of speech perception in the AV mode is different between ANSD and control. There is definite benefit of auditory as well as visual cues to individuals with ANSD, suggesting the need to facilitate both the modalities as part of the audiological rehabilitation. Future studies can focus on independently facilitating the two modalities and testing the benefits in the AV mode of speech perception in individuals with ANSD.

A Neural Circuit for Auditory Dominance over Visual Perception

Song, You-Hyang,Kim, Jae-Hyun,Jeong, Hye-Won,Choi, Ilsong,Jeong, Daun,Kim, Kwansoo,Lee, Seung-Hee Elsevier 2017 Neuron Vol.93 No.4

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>When conflicts occur during integration of visual and auditory information, one modality often dominates the other, but the underlying neural circuit mechanism remains unclear. Using auditory-visual discrimination tasks for head-fixed mice, we found that audition dominates vision in a process mediated by interaction between inputs from the primary visual (VC) and auditory (AC) cortices in the posterior parietal cortex (PTLp). Co-activation of the VC and AC suppresses VC-induced PTLp responses, leaving AC-induced responses. Furthermore, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the PTLp mainly receive AC inputs, and muscimol inactivation of the PTLp or optogenetic inhibition of its PV+ neurons abolishes auditory dominance in the resolution of cross-modal sensory conflicts without affecting either sensory perception. Conversely, optogenetic activation of PV+ neurons in the PTLp enhances the auditory dominance. Thus, our results demonstrate that AC input-specific feedforward inhibition of VC inputs in the PTLp is responsible for the auditory dominance during cross-modal integration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Audition dominates vision in mice perceiving audiovisual conflicts </LI> <LI> The VC and AC send converging inputs to the PTLp </LI> <LI> A neural circuit comprising the VC, AC, and PTLp computes auditory dominance </LI> <LI> PV+ interneurons mediate feedforward inhibition of visual inputs in the PTLp </LI> </UL> </P>

청각적 사고의 인식원리와 특징에 관한 고찰

임현식,박은경 기독교학문연구회 2015 신앙과 학문 Vol.20 No.2

This study was inspired by the following question: Our way of thinking is based on our ‘visual perception.’ From the perspective of the traditional way of thinking in the Western countries, "Seeing is believing." Thus, all the science-related fields that follow philosophical or rationalistic methodology that explores metaphysics were examined based on visual judgement. However, it is not desirable to see the world with biased perspectives based on visual perception. It is true even if the excellence of visual perception as to information processing capability is acknowledged. It is because there are so many things that cannot be perceived visually, which are a big part of this world. Therefore, the basics of people's thinking should not be focused on a single visual perception principle. Rather, all other senses should be integrated into a single domain with a balanced approach. In that sense, this study is intended to examine the following: the differences between visual and auditory perception principles; the characteristics of auditory thinking different from visual thinking; another perspective on understanding the world. 이 논문은 사람들의 사고방식을 구성하는 토대가 ‘시각적 인식’에 편향되어 형성되어왔다는 문제의식으로부터 출발하였다. 서양의 전통적인 사고방식에 있어서 보는 것은 곧 아는 것이었기에, 형이상학을 탐구하는 철학이나 합리주의적 방법론을 따르는 과학 모두는 시각적 판단을 토대로 대상을 탐구하였다. 그러나 정보처리능력에 관한 시각의 탁월성을 인정한다고 하더라도 시각적 인식에 편향된 사고방식으로 세계를 이해하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 왜냐하면 세상에는 시각으로 파악할 수 없는 것들이 실재할 뿐만 아니라 그 비중 또한 더 크기 때문이다. 그러므로 사람들의 사고방식을 구성하는 토대는 시각적 인식원리 하나에 편중되어서는 안 되며, 다른 모든 감각들이 하나로 통합된 영역에서 균형 있게 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다. 이러한 견지에서, 본 논문에서는 시각과 청각의 인식원리가 보이는 차별성은 무엇이며, 시각적 사고와 구별되는 청각적 사고의 특징은 무엇인지 고찰함으로써 세계를 이해하는 또 다른 관점에 대하여 생각해보고자한다.

Audio-visual Spatial Coherence Judgments in the Peripheral Visual Fields

이채봉,강대기,Lee, Chai-Bong,Kang, Dae-Gee The Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processi 2015 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.16 No.2

Auditory and visual stimuli presented in the peripheral visual field were perceived as spatially coincident when the auditory stimulus was presented five to seven degrees outwards from the direction of the visual stimulus. Furthermore, judgments of the perceived distance between auditory and visual stimuli presented in the periphery did not increase when an auditory stimulus was presented in the peripheral side of the visual stimulus. As to the origin of this phenomenon, there would seem to be two possibilities. One is that the participants could not perceptually distinguish the distance on the peripheral side because of the limitation of accuracy perception. The other is that the participants could distinguish the distances, but could not evaluate them because of the insufficient experimental setup of auditory stimuli. In order to confirm which of these two alternative explanations is valid, we conducted an experiment similar to that of our previous study using a sufficient number of loudspeakers for the presentation of auditory stimuli. Results revealed that judgments of perceived distance increased on the peripheral side. This indicates that we can perceive discrimination between audio and visual stimuli on the peripheral side.

Association between Frontal-Executive Dysfunction and Speech-in-Noise Perception Deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment

이수정,박경원,김리석,김향희 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.4

Background and Purpose Speech-in-noise perception deficits have been demonstrated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, it remains unclear whether the impairment of speech perception varies between MCI subtypes. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to compare speech perception performance among MCI subgroups, and 2) to identify the cognitive domains specifically related to speech-in-noise perception. Methods We studied 46 patients with MCI and 39 hearing-threshold-matched cognitively normal elderly (CNE) subjects. Two different patient classifications were used: 1) patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n=21) or nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) (n=25), and 2) patients with frontal-executive dysfunction (FED) (n=16) or without FED (n=30). All of the subjects underwent audiometric, neuropsychological, and speech perception assessments. Speech-in-noise perception was measured using sentence recognition tests in the presence of two types of background noise at four levels. Results First, as the level of background noise increased, the MCI with FED group scored lower than both the MCI without FED and CNE groups under both types of noise. Second, both the naMCI and aMCI groups scored lower than the CNE group, but there were no differences between the naMCI and aMCI groups in sentence recognition under any noise conditions. Third, significant correlations were found between sentence recognition and executive function scores both in the MCI groups and in the CNE group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that frontal-executive function is strongly related to speechin- noise perception and that MCI patients with FED have greater deficits in speech-in-noise perception compared to other subgroups of MCI.

음도 변조된 여성 말소리에 대한 청지각적 연령대 구분

조봉구,권순복 한국언어치료학회 2018 言語治療硏究 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: The pitch of speech sound plays an important role in the perception of listener for the speaker’s gender and age. There is a large change of the speech sound pitch in the growing season. However, there are few studies related to the evaluation of auditory perception of female speech sound during the period of growth. This study investigated the level of speech sound pitch that is perceived as child, adolescent (female) and adult (female) by listeners through the auditory perception. Methods: After recording adult female speech sounds of sentences being read and telephone order being taken, the pitch was modulated to produce fourteen modulated speech sounds. Thirty adult listeners listened to a total of sixteen speech sounds(14 after modulation and 2 before modulation) and distinguished between children, adolescents, and adults through auditory perception. The ROC analysis was conducted to identify the level of pitch that is classified into child-adolescent, adolescent-adultby the listeners. Results: The results according to the gender and age of listener were not much different from those of the whole listener. In the speech sounds of sentences being read, the pitch level recognized as a child was over 262.42㎐, an adolescent (female) was between 262.42㎐ and adult (female) was below 220.705㎐. In the telephone order taking speech sounds, the pitch level recognized as a child was over 288.735㎐, while adolescent (female) was between 288.735㎐ and 258.7㎐, and an adult (female) was below 258.7㎐. Conclusions: The pitch level recognized by Korean adult listeners that can be thought of as a child is over 262.42㎐, while adolescent (female) is between 262.42㎐ and 220.705㎐, and adult (female) is below 220.705㎐. 목적: 말소리의 음도는 화자의 성별 및 연령에 대한 청자의 인식에 중요한 역할을 하며, 성장기에는 음도의 변화가 크다. 그러나 성장기의 여성 음성에 대한 청지각적 평가와 관련된 연구는 많지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 음도를 변조한 여성의 말소리에 대한 청지각적 평가를 통해 아동, 청소년(여성), 성인 여성으로 지각되는 음도 수준을 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 성인 여성이 문장을 읽은 말소리와 전화로 주문하는 내용의 말소리를 녹음한 후, 이 두 가지 말소리의 음도를 변조하여 14개의 변조된 말소리를 만들었다. 30명의 성인 청자에게 16개(변조한 후 14개와 변조하기 전 2개)의 말소리를 들려주고 청지각적으로 아동, 청소년, 성인으로 구분하도록 하였다. 청자가 아동-청소년, 청소년-성인으로 구분한 음도 수준을 파악하기 위해 ‘ROC 분석’을 실시하였다. 결과: 청자의 성별 및 연령대를 구분하여 분석한 결과는 청자 전체를 분석한 결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 문장을 읽은 말소리의 경우에는 아동으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 262.42㎐ 이상, 청소년(여성)으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 262.42㎐와 220.705㎐ 사이, 성인(여성)으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 220.705㎐ 이하였다. 전화주문 말소리의 경우에는 아동으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 288.735㎐ 이상, 청소년(여성)으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 288.735㎐와 258.7㎐ 사이, 성인(여성)으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 258.7㎐ 이하였다. 결론: 한국 성인 청자가 아동으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 262.42㎐ 이상, 청소년(여성)으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 262.42㎐와 220.705㎐ 사이, 성인(여성)으로 인식하는 음도 수준은 220.705㎐ 이하 정도로 생각해 볼 수 있다.

청지각 기반 음운인식 훈련 프로그램이 조음음운장애 유아의 음운인식 및 조음음운능력에 미치는 효과

김문정(Moon-Jeoung Kim),석동일(Dong Il Seok) 한국언어치료학회 2008 言語治療硏究 Vol.17 No.2

Remediation of phonological awareness(PA) deficits in preschool age children is essential to the prevention of delayed acquisition of reading abilities. This study demonstrates that the auditory perception based phonological awareness training program was successful in increasing the phonological awareness of preschoolers with articulation and phonological disorders. Literature supports the relationship between phonological awareness, articulation skills and auditory perception and their theoretical linkages through underlying phonological representation forming the basis for the study design. Four preschoolers with APDs participated in 12training sessions focusing on phonological awareness(PA) and auditory perception. The experimental design was a multiple probe baseline. The results were as follows. First, these children made improvements in their PA abilities. Second, their articulation and phonological abilities improved and distinction features and speech intelligibility also increased after intervention. This study revealed that an auditory perception based phonological awareness training program would be effective for the phonological awareness ability and articulation and phonological abilities for preschooler.