Comparative Cytogenetic Characteristics and Physical Mapping of the 17S and 5S Ribosomal DNAs between Atractylodes japonica Koidz. and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Kyong-Hwan Bang,Dal-Hoe Koo,Hong-Sig Kim,Beom-Heon Song,Yong-Gu Cho,Joon-Hyeong Cho,Jae-Wook Bang 한국약용작물학회 2003 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This study was carried out to compare chromosomal characteristics between Atractylodes japonica and A macrocephala. Cytogenetic analysis was conducted based on karyotype analysis and physical mapping using fluorescence in situ hybridization. As a result of karyotype analysis by feulgen staining, somatic chromosome numbers of A. japonica and A. macrocephala were 2n=24. The length. of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of A. japonica ranged from 0.70 to 1.60μm with a total length. of 12.11μm and the homologous chromosome complement comprised six metacentrics, five submetacentrics and one subtelocentrics. On the other hand, the length of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of A. macrocephala ranged from 0.90 to 2.35μm with a total length of 16.58μm and the homologous chromosome complement comprised seven metacentrics and five submetacentrics. The total length of A. japonica chromosomes was shorter than that of A. macrocephala, but A. japonica had one subtelocentrics (chromosomes 4) different from A. macrocepha1a. chromosomes. The F1SH technique using 17S and 5S rDNA was applied to metaphase chromosomes. The signals for 17S rDNA were detected on the telomeric regions of chromosomes 4 and 5 in both A japonica and A. macrocephala. The 5S rDNA signal was found in the short arm of chromosome 1.

삽주 육성품종 간 생육특성 및 유효성분 분석

정진태,이희정,이정훈,홍충의,이윤지,정양선,이대영,이승은,장재기,하보근,박춘근 한국약용작물학회 2018 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Background: Atractylodes japonica Koidz. and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. belong to the family (Asteraceae). Their rhizomes, called white Atractylodes rhizomes, are used in traditional medicine. To address some issues with their cultivation, we recently developed eight hybrid cultivars by interspecific hybridization of A. japonica and A. macrocephala. This study was conducted to screen the hybrid cultivars that have high amounts of active ingredients and yield ability. Methods and Results: Experiments were conducted using the eight hybrid cultivars and A. macrocephala (control cultivar) in the experimental field of the department of Herbal Crop Research located in Eumseong, South Korea. We investigated the growth characteristics of the aerial and underground parts. Among the cultivars, ‘Sanwon’ had the highest rhizome dry weight (53.8 g/plant), followed by ‘Dachul’ (50.0 g/plant). In addition, the content of atractylenolide I, II, III and total active ingredients were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with A. macrocephala, most of the inter-specific hybrid cultivars had a higher content of active ingredients and yield ability. Conclusions: Through study, we established the superior quality of Atractylodes inter-specific hybrid cultivars. In particularly, it was found that ‘Dachul’ may be grown as a superior cultivar, with high amount of active ingredients as well as yield ability.

Comparative Cytogenetic Characteristics and Physical Mapping of the 17S and 5S Ribosomal DNAs between Atractylodes japonica Koidz. and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Bang, Kyong-Hwan,Koo, Dal-Hoe,Kim, Hong-Sig,Song, Beom-Heon,Cho, Yong-Gu,Cho, Joon-Hyeong,Bang, Jae-Wook The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2003 韓國藥用作物學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

This study was carried out to compare chromosomal characteristics between Atractylodes japonica and A macrocephala. Cytogenetic analysis was conducted based on karyotype analysis and physical mapping using fluorescence in situ hybridization. As a result of karyotype analysis by feulgen staining, somatic chromosome numbers of A. japonica and A. macrocephala were 2n=24. The length. of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of A. japonica ranged from $0.70\;to\;1.60{\mu}m$ with a total length. of $12.11{\mu}m$ and the homologous chromosome complement comprised six metacentrics, five submetacentrics and one subtelocentrics. On the other hand, the length of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of A. macrocephala ranged from $0.90\;to\;2.35{\mu}m$ with a total length of $16.58{\mu}m$ and the homologous chromosome complement comprised seven metacentrics and five submetacentrics. The total length of A. japonica chromosomes was shorter than that of A. macrocephala, but A. japonica had one subtelocentrics (chromosomes 4) different from A. macrocepha1a. chromosomes. The F1SH technique using 17S and 5S rDNA was applied to metaphase chromosomes. The signals for 17S rDNA were detected on the telomeric regions of chromosomes 4 and 5 in both A japonica and A. macrocephala. The 5S rDNA signal was found in the short arm of chromosome 1.

Identification of Atractylodes japonica and A. macrocephala by RAPD analysis and SCAR Markers

Huh, Man Kyu,Bang, K. H. De Gruyter Open 2006 Silvae genetica Vol.55 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The Chinese plant, “Packchul”, (Atractylodes japonica or A. macrocephala), is a very important Chinese medicinal herb plant and is called Sabju in Korea. The levels of the active components are different between these two species, but these medicines are sold in Korean herbal markets without discrimination. This study was carried out to develop a method that could be used to discriminate between A. japonica and A. macrocephala based on molecular markers. To discriminate between A. japonica and A. macrocephala, RAPD analyses were used to develop SCAR markers. Eighteen species-specific RAPD bands were obtained from 52 OPERON and URP primer sets. Two SCAR markers were developed from these RAPD clones. Both SCAR markers were cloned into pGEM-T-Easy vectors and then subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis and designated AjR1 (1,117 bp) and AmR1 (1,325 bp). These two markers were sufficient to discriminate between samples of A. japonica and A. macrocephala.</P>

해부형태적 특징과 SCAR Marker를 이용한 백출의 기원식물 판별

방경환,성정숙,박충헌,김동순,박춘근,유홍섭,박희운,성낙술 韓國藥用作物學會 2004 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.12 No.1

국내 한약재 시장에서 유통되고 있는 백출 건재약재의 기원을 판별하고자 해부형태적 특징과 종 특이적인 SCAR 마커 (SAjR2, SAmR1)를 적용한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 해부형태적 특징으로 A. japonica에서는 주피에 코르크층이 매우 발달하여 있었고, 코르크층 내부 또는 아래에 석세포대가 연속적으로 발달하고 있었다. 유실은 A. japonica에서 뿌리횡단면에 전체적으로 다수 분포하여 잘 발달하고 있었으며 피충부분과 잘 발달된 방사조직 내에서도 목섬유다발이 다수 관찰됐다. 또한 유세포 내의 침상 결정물도 A. macrocephala보다 많이 함유하고 있었다. 이러한 특징들을 종합한 결과, 국내 유통 국산 및 수입 백출은 모두 A. japonica의 해부형태적 특징을 따르고 있어 A. japonica로 동정되었다. 한편 RAPD clone으로부터 개발된 A. japonica 특이적인 SAjR2를 이용하여 PCR 한 결과 모든 샘플에서 600bp 크기의 한국백출 특이적인 밴드가 형성되었으며, A. macrocephala 특이적인 SAmR1을 이 용한 결과에서는 작물시험장에서 재배중인 A. macrocephala에서만 1200 bp크기의 특이적인 밴드가 형성되어, 시중에서 유통되고 있는 한국백출과 중국백출은 모두 A. japonica로 동정되었다. 결론적으로 해부형태적 특성과 SCAR 마커는 A. japonica와 A. macrocephala 기원식물의 동정과 유통 건재 약재를 판별하기에 유용한 방법이었다. Finding a means to discriminate the commercial herb medicines when they were dried and sliced is a very important and imminent project in Korea. To differentiate plant origins and the commercial herb medicines of Atractylodes japonica and A. macrocephala, two discriminative methods using anatomical characteristics and SCAR marker were applied. It was possible to discriminate plant origins and the commercial herb medicines between A. japonica and A. macrocephala by anatomical characteristics: development of periderm, layer of stone cell, distribution of laticiferous vessels, development of xylem fiber in xylem ray, contained quantity of clustered crystals and others. While, two SCAR markers were developed from RAPD clones: SAjR2 (600 bp) from AjR2 and SAmR1 (1,200 bp) from AmR1. These two markers were enough for discrimination plant origins and the commercial herb medicines between A. japonica and A. macrocephala. The result of application of anatomical characteristics and SCAR markers to investigate current status in domestic herb market, Daegu and Kumsan herb market, it was identified to be current herb medicines of A japonica.

Stimulating effects on mouse splenocytes of glycoproteins from the herbal medicine <i>Atractylodes macrocephala</i> Koidz.

Lee, J.-C.,Lee, K.-Y.,Son, Y.-O.,Choi, K.-C.,Kim, J.,Kim, S.-H.,Chung, G.-H.,Jang, Y.-S. Elsevier 2007 Phytomedicine Vol.14 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A traditional herbal medicine, <I>Atractylodes macrocephala</I> Koidz. (AMK), has long been used as a digestive and tonic. Recent investigations have suggested its potential ability in stimulating immune responses, although a scientific basis for this activity has not yet been elucidated. Based on previous results showing that the activity might be due to proteins, we purified protein samples from an original sample preparation of AMK and examined the stimulating ability of the protein samples on mouse splenocytes. The sample treatment markedly stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, and cytokine secretion in mouse splenocytes. In particular, the samples showed the ability to induce the preferential stimulation of Th1 type, rather than Th2 type T lymphocytes. Stimulating activity of the samples was associated closely with glycoprotein(s) with molecular weights of around 30kDa, especially with carbohydrate moiety rather than with protein residues of the glycoprotein(s). Our findings suggest that the glycoprotein(s) might play critical roles in modulating immune-response induction, and could potentially be used as medicinal and pharmacological agents.</P>

유기질비료 시용이 삽주의 생육 및 성분에 미치는 영향

김영국,안태진,김용일,이은송,정찬식,송범헌,안찬훈 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Background: The roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi contain atractylone, which is used to suppress appetite and indigestion caused by gastrointestinal disturbance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of A. macrocephala with organic fertilizer.Methods and Results:When organic fertilizer was applied basally, the average yield of 10 a was 184.6 ㎏ in the HA (Hwanggeumjidae, organic material mix), 171.3 ㎏ in the GG (Gyunbaeyangchegreen, bacterial cuture filtrate) and 175.0 ㎏ in the CF (Customary fertilization, control) each other in practice of CF had no statistical significance. Atractylenolide I was significantly greater in the HA (0.036%) than the GG (0.034%) or CF (0.023%). With regard to the amount of organic fertilzer, 10 a yield ws the most common of 203.0 ㎏ at 2.0 times of the organic 1 (HA), conventional fertilization of 134.0 ㎏ and 173.0 ㎏ of no application was a statistically significant. Organic fertilizer 1 was 1.5 to 2.0 times, organic fertilizer was 2 to 1.5 times that were most suitable.Conclusions:The results of the present study indicated that HA and GG are the most suitable for the organic cultivation of A. macrocephala. The content of atractylone I was highest under the HA treatment and lowest under the CU (Chamjoa, oil cake), TG (Totogreen, plant oil cake) and HG (Heuksalgreen, Castor oil cake) treatment.

백출의 항산화 특성 분석 및 알룰로스 첨가 쌀쿠키 적용 가능성

김보람 ( Boram Kim ),이인영 ( In Young Lee ),주나미 ( Nami Joo ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2021 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Purpose: This study was planned for the antioxidant activity of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder and application to rice cookie. Methods: Experiments conditions for the atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder cookies included 2 categories: Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder(X1) and allulose (X2). Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder cookie formulation was optimized using rheology. Results: Antioxidant capacity of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder had a total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 413.00 μM and 34.06%, respectively. Spread ratio, moisture, sweetness, pH, loss rate, lightness, redness and sensory properties of color, flavor, sweetness, appearance, bitterness and overall quality expressed significant correlations with the contents of atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi and allulose. From these results, the optimum formulation of rice cookies prepared with atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi was calculated as atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder 12.15 g and allulose 37.84 g. Conclusion: Based on the result, rice cookie made by atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi powder are expected to be sufficiently competitive in terms of quality and function.

방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합물이 조골세포와 파골세포의 활성에 미치는 영향

심부용(Boo-Yong Sim)지중구(Joong-Gu Ji) 한국응용과학기술학회 (구.한국유화학회) 2021 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 방사선 육종 차조기와 백출 복합물의 조골세포 분화 활성 및 파골세포 형성 억제를 조사하였다. 차조기와 백출 복합물은 MG-63 세포에서 ALP 활성 및 arlizarin red 염색을 확인하였고 조골세포 형성의 영향은 RAW 264.7 세포에서 TRAP 활성과 TRAP 염색을 진행하였다. 세포 독성시험에서 차조기와 백출 복합물은 50 ㎍/㎖ 농도 이하에서 안전한 것으로 확인되었다. ALP 활성 및 골석회화 형성 능력은 대조군보다 활성이 낮았으나;파골세포에서 TRAP 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며;효과적으로 TRAP(+) 다핵세포를 억제하였다. 따라서 차조기와 백출 복합물은 골 흡수 억제 활성을 향상시켜 뼈 관련 질환의 예방 및 치료에 효과적인 것으로 보여진다. The effects of the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture on the activities of osteoblast differentiation and the restraint of osteoclast formation were investigated. the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture in the human osteoblast “MG-63” cell;was examined in relation to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red stains. In order to observe the effects of osteoclasts formation;we analyzed RAW 264.7 cell tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP stains. In cytotoxicity testing;it was confirmed that apple extract is safe at a concentration of 50 ㎍/㎖ or less. The ALP activity and Bone calcification formation ability were the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture had a lower activity than that of control group. However the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture significantly reduced activity of TRAP in the RAW 264.7 osteoclastic cell generation and effectively Inhibited the TRAP(+) multinuclear cells. Thus;our results demonstrate that the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture enhances the inhibitory activity of bone-resorption in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion;the Perilla frutescens var. crispa and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi mixture seem to be effective in the prevention and treatment of bone related disorders.

기내배양 백출 교잡종 ‘다출’(Dachul, Atractylodes macrocephala x A. japonica)에 미치는 생장조절제처리효과

고우리,조준형,박춘근,안영섭,박충범 한국자원식물학회 2011 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.24 No.5

This study was conducted to establish the tissue culture system for Atractylodes plant which is most frequently used in oriental medicine. Root and auxiliary bud of Dachul cv., which is Atractylodes hybrid (A. macrocephala x A. japonica), were used as target tissues for in vitro culture. In root culture, callus induction rate was higher in the treatment of BAP combined with NAA than others, however, 2-iP was more effective for callus proliferation and root induction. Although calli were effectively induced from the root and proliferated in lower concentration of cytokinin combined with higher auxin, root tissue was inappropriate for shoot regeneration. For plant regeneration with axillary bud, BAP combined with NAA was more effective than 2-iP with NAA or IBA. Number of regenerated plant per bud was 3.8, which was highest, and stem diameters was shown as 5.0mm under the conditions of 1 mg/L BAP combined with 1 mg/L NAA. Although, plant height was tend to be higher in 2-iP than BAP, number of the regenerated plant was lower via versus. Furthermore, root proliferation of regenerated plant was more effective in higher concentration of sucrose (7%) than in lower concentration (3%). In results, auxiliary bud was an efficient target tissue for producing regenerated plant of Atractylodes under the conditions of 1 mg/L BAP combined with 1 mg/L NAA and higher concentration of sucrose was effective for root proliferation of regenerated plants. 본 연구는 국내에서 소비되는 약용작물 중 경제적 가치가 높은 백출의 조직배양체계 확립을 위해 수행되었다. 공시재료로는 중국백출(A. macrocephala)과 한국자생백출(A. japonica)의 교잡종인 ‘다출’ 품종의 뿌리와 액아를 이용하였다. 뿌리배양을 위해 BAP, 2-iP, IBA, NAA를 혼용 처리한 결과, 캘러스 유도율은 BAP 처리군에서 다소 높았으나, 캘러스 증식 및 뿌리의 유도에는 2-iP 처리가 효과적이었다. 뿌리조직은 낮은 싸이토키닌의 농도와 높은 옥신의 농도에서 캘러스 유도 및 증식이 원활하였으나 식물체 재분화에는 적합하지 않았다. 백출의 액아배양 시 BAP와 NAA의 혼용처리가 2-iP와 NAA 혹은 IBA 처리보다 재분화식물체 생산에 효과적이었다. 1.0 mg/L BAP와 1.0 mg/L NAA 조건에서 액아 당 신초 출현 수가 3.8개로 가장 많았고, 경직경이 5.0 mm 이상으로 양호하였다. 그러나 BAP를 2-iP로 대치하는 경우 재분화 식물체의 초장은 큰 경향을 보이나 액아 당 재분화 식물체의 수가 적은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 Sucrose 농도를 70 g/L로 하는 경우 액아로부터 재분화한 식물체의 뿌리 비대에 효과적이었다. 본 실험 결과, 백출의 기내 대량증식을 위한 조직으로는 뿌리보다 액아조직이 효율적이며, 식물의 재분화에는 1.0 mg/L BAP와 1.0 mg/L NAA 적합하고, 고농도의 sucrose가 뿌리 비대에 유용한 것으로 사료된다.