Interest in Arab Culture and Motivation for Learning Arabic: The Influence of Interest on Autonomy in Motivation Among Japanese University Students

Katsunori SUMI,Akiko SUMI 한국글로벌문화학회 2022 글로벌문화연구 Vol.13 No.1

아랍어를 학습하는 대부분의 일본 대학생은 아랍 문화에 대한 관심이 큰 경향이 있다. 그러나 아랍 문화에 대한 관심과 아랍어 학습동기 사이의 상관관계에 대한 정량적 연구는 확인되지 않는다. 이 연구의 목적은 자기결정 이론에 기초하여 일본에서 아랍어를 전공하는 대학생들의 아랍 문화에 대한 관심이 아랍어 학습동기에 미치는 영향을 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위하여, 491명의 비아랍 학생 중 일본 대학의 아랍어 수업을 수강하는 여학생 64.2%에 대하여 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 응답자들은 아랍 문화 규모에 대한 12개 항목의 관심과 15개 항목의 아랍어 학습 동기에 대한 설문지를 작성하였고, 채택된 자료는 구조 방정식 모형을 이용하여 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 아랍 문화에 대한 관심에서 동기 부여의 자율성에 이르는 경로계수가 성별과 연령의 차이를 제어한 후, 긍정적이고 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 동기부여의 자율성에 대한 아랍 문화에 대한 학생들의 관심의 영향을 설명하는 가설경로 모형을 지지한다. 긍정적인 연구 결과에 기초하여 일본에서 아랍어의 교습의 실용적 방법을 제안하였다. Most of Japanese university students who start learning Arabic do so as they have a notable interest in Arab culture and tend to keep the interest. However, little is known about the relationship between the interest in Arab culture and the motivation to learn Arabic. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of interest in Arab culture on autonomy in motivation to learn Arabic among university students learning Arabic in Japan, based on the self-determination theory. A questionnaire study was conducted among 491 non-Arabic language major students, taking Arabic classes in Japanese universities (64.2% women). The participants completed the 12-item Interest in Arab Culture Scale and the 15-item Arabic Learning Motivation Questionnaire. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the path coefficient from interest in Arab culture to autonomy in motivation was positive and statistically significant after controlling for differences in sex and age. These results support the hypothesized path model which describes the influence of students’ interest in Arab culture on autonomy in motivation. Despite several limitations, the findings provide pragmatic suggestions for teaching and learning of Arabic in Japan.

대학생들의 아랍어 학습동기와 아랍인 및 아랍문화에 대한 인식 연구 -교양 과목으로서 아랍어 학습을 중심으로

공지현 ( Ji Hyun Kong ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2010 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.14 No.1

This study investigates the ability of three variables-integrative motivation, instrumental motivation, and the foreign language requirement-to predict: (1) perception on Arab people and Arab culture (2) the desire to continue studying Arabic in the future. Analysis of data from questionnaire administrated to 299 students who, as of the second semester 2009, took Arabic lessons as a liberal art course at 11 universities nationwide. A significant negative relationship was found between the need to fulfill the foreign language requirement and attitudes toward Arab culture. This means that students motivated by the need to fulfill the foreign language requirement has less positive attitudes toward Arab culture compared with those not motivated by the need. A negative relationship was found also between the need to fulfill the foreign language requirement and an intention to continue with further studies in Arabic. Meanwhile, positive relationship was found between integrative motivation and instrumental motivation, and an intention to continue with further studies in Arabic. The findings support a focus on classroom activities that enhance integrative and instrumental motivation as a means of increasing the desire to continue studying Arabic.

아랍어 성경 번역과 아랍 기독교인에 대한 무슬림 아랍어의 영향

공일주 ( Il Joo Kong ) 아세아연합신학대학교 신학연구소 2014 ACTS 신학저널 Vol.22 No.-

Arabic is the language of the Qur’an. The language of the qur``an is ancient Arabic and Fus``ha (classical Arabic). At present, most Arab Christians use the Van Dyke translation of the Bible.This translation was completed in 1864 (both old and new testament), and at the time the Arabic reviewers were Arab Christians and Muslims who were expecting the revival of ancient Arabic. The use of Arabic as the theological language by Arab Christians gave rise to Islamization in some vocabularies, terms and expressions. In 2015 today, Arab churches use the Arabic Bible from the19th century, and hence some Arab Christians who are not familiar with Fus``ha(Modern Literary Arabic) have a limited understanding of the Arabic Bible. Moreover, under 1400 years of Islamic governance, Arab Christianity began to be gradually influenced by Islam. Even among Arab Christians there are different opinions regarding Arabism (the promotion of the rebirth of Arabic and Arabic literature) and the role of Islam and the Qur’an. Some Arab Christians even believe that when they are completely awaken, they will realize that “Islam constitutes for them a national culture in which they must immerse themselves, so that they may understand and love it, and so that they preserve Islam as they would preserve the most precious element in their Arabism”. The diversity of the Arab Christians’ awareness of Islam is problematic, but not only that, Arab Christians are not able to accurately understand the Bible since any Biblical terminology that overlaps with Islamic terminology is understood in the Islamic context. Hence those who teach the Arabic Bible must be able to distinguish between Islamic and Biblical concepts and must have the right understanding of the original languages of the Bible (Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic) as well as Biblical hermeneutics. In the process of translating terminology that was used for traditional Christian doctrines, translators struggled to find Arabic terminology that can relate the original intention of Christian doctrine.

고전 아랍어와 현대 표준 아랍어의 통합성 지수와 구조 연구: 코란, 요르단 교과서, 한국의 아랍어 교과서를 중심으로

이인섭 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2019 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.23 No.3

Arabic is a polysynthetic language in terms of its morphological synthesis. This research aims to analyze the indexes of synthesis for texts from the Quran, a Jordanian high school textbook (Geography of Jordan, 10th grade) and Arabic books used in Korean high schools (Arabic I, Arabic II, Arab Culture). First, to measure the degree of morphological synthesis of Classical Quranic Arabic (fuṣḥā), the study calculated 5,000 synthetic units from the Quran. Next, to compare this result with other texts, the study examined a Jordanian high school textbook and Arabic textbooks used in Korean high schools, calculating 5,000 synthetic units from each. While these indexes of synthesis do not demonstrate remarkable differences between the texts, it shows that the components of texts have different structures, especially in the usage of verbs. Thus, despite the similar index values of the Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic (fuṣḥā), each exhibit distinct contents and structures. The results of this study will help identify how much Modern Standard Arabic has diverged from Classical Arabic. It will also help provide a mechanism to bring Modern Standard Arabic closer to Classical Arabic and to ensure that the former does not deviate significantly from the latter. 이 연구에서는 코란의 고전 아랍어(العربية الفصحى)와 현대 요르단과 한국 고등학교 아랍어 교과서의 표준 아랍어를 통합성지수와 구조적인 특성면에서 살펴보았다. 본고에서 살펴본 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. - 아랍어 문장 내에서는 코란과 현대 아랍어 모두에서 명사가 가장 많이 사용되었고, 동사가 가장 적게 사용되었다. 그러나 코란의 아랍어에서는 동사 사용이 많고, 현대 아랍어는 명사 사용 빈도가 높은 특성을 보였다. - 코란에서는 불변사류가 전체 품사 수 중 34%를 차지한다. 이는 현대 아랍어에 비해서 1.48배 많이 사용된 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 코란의 통합성지수가 현대 요르단과 한국의 아랍어 교과서의 표준 아랍어의 통합성지수보다 10% 정도 더 높은 것으로 보아, 코란의 텍스트가 현대 교과서에 사용된 표준 아랍어 보다 더 많은 문법적 정보를 가지고 있다. - 코란과 현대 표준 아랍어의 격 표지 중에는 소유격 표지 형태소가 가장 많이 사용되었지만, 코란에서는 현대 표준 아랍어보다 연결형태가 적게 사용되어서 소유격 표현이 상대적으로 많지 않다. - 코란에서는 불변사류, 즉 지배소가 현대 교과서보다 1.48배 정도 많이 사용되어, 현대 아랍어와 달리 목적격이 주격보다 더 많이 사용되었다. - 한국 교과서가 요르단 교과서보다 의 격 표지가 적게 나타났는데, 그 이유는 외래어 인명과 지명이 많이 사용되었기 때문이다. - 한국 교과서가 초급용 교재인 점을 고려하면 주격이 가장 많은 이유를 가늠할 수 있다. 그러나 한국 교과서가 초급 과정의 교재임에도 불구하고 통합성지수가 4.43이 유지된 이유는 고유명사, 형용사, 수사가 사용 빈도가 다른 텍스트에 비해서 많았기 때문이다. - 요르단의 지리 교과서는 정보적 텍스트의 특성상 대화문이 없기 때문에 대명사, 의문사, 호격사, 부정사 등의 사용이 다른 테스트에 비해서 적다. 본 연구는 코란과 현대 요르단과 한국의 아랍어 교과서를 분석, 비교한 것이다. 그러므로 코란의 고전 아랍어와 현대 아랍어 사이에 나타나는 간극과 통시적인 변화 양상을 일반화하기는 어렵다. 그러나 코란의 아랍어와 현대 표준 아랍어의 차이를 연구함으로 달라진 언어 특성과 구조가 무엇인지를 부분적으로 조명하여, 향후 코란의 아랍어가 보여주는 표준성을 현대 표준 아랍어에 어떻게 반영할 것인지를 고민할 수 있도록 방향을 제시할 수 있게 되기를 기대한다. 이러한 연구가 완성되기 위해서는 통시적인 변화를 보다 명확하게 밝힐 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 즉 시대별, 단계별 아랍어 표준어의 통합성 지수를 비교 분석하면 객관적으로 어떠한 요인 때문에 차이가 나타나는지를 알 수 있다. 이처럼 보다 많은 텍스트를 연구하면 고전 아랍어와 현대 아랍어의 차이를 특정할 수 있고, 고전 아랍어의 표준성을 현대 아랍어 텍스트에서 어떻게 회복시킬 수 있을 지를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Introducing Smart Learning Framework in the Digital World: Towards the Enhancement of Technology-Driven Innovation of Arabic Smart Learning

Alkhammash, Eman H. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.11

Smart learning is augmented with digital, context-aware, and adaptable technologies to encourage students to learn better and faster. To ensure that digital learning is successful and that implementation is efficient, it is critical that the dimensions of digital learning are arranged correctly and that interactions between the various elements are merged in an efficient and optimal manner. This paper builds and discusses a basic framework for smart learning in the digital age, aimed to improve students' abilities and performance in learning. The proposed framework consists of five dimensions: Teacher, Technology, Learner, Digital content, and Evaluation. The Teacher and Learner dimensions operate on two levels: (a) an abstract level to fit in knowledge and skills or interpersonal characteristics and (b) a concrete level in the form of digital devices used by teachers and learners. Moreover, this paper proposes asynchronous online course delivery model. An Arabic smart learning platform has been developed, based on these smart learning core dimensions and the asynchronous online course delivery model, because despite the official status of this language in many countries, there is a lack of Arabic platforms to teach Arabic. Moreover, many non-native Arabic speakers around the world have expressed an interest in learning it. The Arabic digital platform consists of over 70 lessons classified into three competence levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced, delivered by Arabic experts and Arabic linguists from various Arab countries. The five dimensions are described for the Arabic platform in this paper. Learner dimension is the Arabic and non-Arabic speakers, Teacher dimension is Arabic experts and Arabic linguistics, Technology dimension consists of technology for Arabic platform that includes web design, cloud computing, big data, etc. The digital contents dimension consists of web-based video, records, etc. The evaluation dimension consists of Teachers rating, comments, and surveys.

아랍어 성경 번역, 역할과 메시지

이드 쌀라흐(Id Salih) 중동아프리카연구소 2018 아랍과 이슬람 세계 Vol.5 No.-

The Arabic translation of the Bible was adapted to the new environment in the Arab world as Arab Christians assimilated into the Arabic culture while preserving their religious peculiarities. Arab Christians were also involved in the translation of the Bible. They participated in development of the Arabic culture and promoted diversity. We also learned that these translations were closely following the original languages of the Old Testament and tried to convey the same meaning and expressions as in the original manuscrupts. The Arabic translation of the Bible - Van Dyke’s Bible translation and the subsequent Arabic translations - contributed to the revival of the Arabic language, and the translation of the Bible among Arabs brought about the ideological change and cultural revival. The reason Arabic Bible translation contributed to the Arabic revival was that the people who worked on the translation of the Torah were Arabic linguists at that time. They were scholars who knew both plain and profound expressions of Arabic. In translating the Bible and Christian religious texts, they were concerned about how the Christian thought, theology, and Christian creed should be expressed. Thus, the Arabic Bible contributed to the preservation of the Arabic identity in its cultural context and the religious characteristics. We know that Arabs have interacted with Christianity since the first century. Although there have been many bible translations in Arabic, there is a need for new ones in the 21st century, which should take into account for changes in the language. In order to deepen the understanding of the Bible, Arab Christians must compare different Arabic translations. They should also continue to print these translations and make them available for the public. By comparing and contrasting different Arabic translations, you can find how the translators understood the word of God, and how the text was understood in light of cultural and historical circumstances. Differences in translation was not in the meaning, but in the different words used to express the same original meaning. Translation is a type of interpretation and the interpretation is an art of understanding.

"Arirang Arab" 채널의 방송 효율성 제고를 위한 채널 내용 분석에 관한 연구

조희선 ( Hee Sun Cho ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2007 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.11 No.2

The aim of this study is to present an efficient strategy of programming and making content for the Arirang Arab Channel by analyzing the language accuracy and content relevancy to Arabic culture in its current programs. The study selected the broadcasted programs between April 9 to 15, a week programs (14 hours 30minutes total), to analyze the issues. It categorized the programs by genre and examined mistakes in grammar, errors in the subtitles, and misuse of meaning and communication. By doing so, it tries to evaluate the relevancy and accuracy of language usage in the Arabic programs. In addition, the study examines the Koreanness of the programs and how these programs affect to the image of Korea. Such an analysis will show how the Arirang Arab Channel can strengthen its programs and contents towards its Arab viewers. The research results show that there is a considerable difference in quality between the News prepared by the Arirang Arab Channel and cultural programs prepared by outside production. There were many misusages of Arabic language and grammatical errors in the cultural programs produced by outside production. Thus, it is desirable to increase the Arirang Arab Channel`s own production and translation service to broadcasting programs. This will not only improve the programs` quality in the Arirang channel but also show the public responsibility of the broadcaster. Moreover, except one anchorwoman in the TV News, many anchormen(women) showed the lack of the professionalism while running the program. Therefore, more trained and educated professional anchormen or women should be appointed in the program. In the cultural programs there are several issues to be discussed; the Arabic subtitles and dubbing matters. In the dubbing matter, generally most programs were dubbed by untrained narrators. As a result, many unprofessional narrations were shown during the program, especially in pronouncing Arabic language. In the subtitle matters, many Arabic subtitles were translated from English by Arabic translators who were proficient in Arabic but not in English. Accordingly, many grammatical mistakes and distortion in meaning were shown in the subtitles. Also, due to the linguistical differences between Arabic and English a lot of errors in gender and number were repeated in the programs. Besides, sometimes subtitles were omitted or colored in background color, thus making it difficult to read. More sincerity should be demonstrated in the production. In case of soap opera, subtitles were translated not from Korean but from English, therefore, many misusage and misunderstandings were shown in soap opera. Particularly, words` nuance was hardly expressed that actors` delicate emotion or conditions were improperly conveyed to the viewers. Consequently, subtitles should be translated from Korean to Arabic directly or at least be compiled under the supervision of a translator who knows Koreans as well as Arabic. The Arab world includes 22 countries whose, political, economical, and social conditions were different. As a result, the broadcaster should have its own strategic goals towards the Arab world. Programs broadcasted by Ali-al-Arab channel are merely translated program from English to Arabic without considering the local distinctiveness. Also Arirang`s Arabic news programs were direct translation from English news, which excludes the local contents. Consequently, preparing the programs that considers the local Arab viewers is the urgent and crucial matter.

아랍 민주화운동 분석과 전망

모하메드 엘-사예드 셀림 민주화운동기념사업회 2011 기억과 전망 Vol.0 No.25

The Arab democracy wave, which dominated the Arab world in 2011, will enter the annals of history as one of the main landmarks in the struggle of the humankind to dismantle dictatorships and build new Arab politics. The paper reviews the main root causes of the Arab democracy wave. It argues that it is an outcome of the lack of development and justice, and overdependence on foreign powers. It also argues that the wave was not an outcome of any foreign inputs as it is mainly an endogenous movement. In the second section it deals with the main features of the Arab democracy wave, which are the populist nature of the wave, the youth leadership of the wave, the lack of an apparent leadership, the peaceful and non-peaceful character of the wave, and its non-ideological nature. The paper outlines the main future trends of the Arab democracy wave. The main expected outcomes are the return of politics to Arab countries, the end of political authoritarianism, the creation of new development models, the twilight of militant Islamism, and the unlikelihood of establishing a religious state, the resurgence of pan Arabism, possible drastic changes in Arab-Israeli balances, the end of the Western democracy consortium in the Arab world, and the decline of the American influence in the Arab world. Finally, the paper argues that the Republic of Korea has a role to play in reinforcing the Arab democracy wave by virtue of Korea main interests in the Arab world, and it suggests that Korea should play a major role in promoting the Seoul Development Consensus in the Arab world, and should play a more active role to reach a balanced settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict which has for so long distracted the attention of the Arabs from real domestic issues.

이집트 방송 아랍어의 형태론적 특징 연구

윤은경 ( Eun Kyeong Yun ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2010 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.14 No.2

The Arabic language is characterized by the phenomenon named by the diglossia. It means the existence of two or more varieties of the same language used by speakers under different conditions. This sociolinguistic situation was termed "diglossia" by Ferguson. It means that classical Arabic is the literary standard and, in principal, the language of formal discourse, while colloquial Arabic is everyday spoken language. In nowadays the literary Arabic means the language of writing and reading which is used in magazines, newspapers, books, lectures, news broadcasts, formal occasions, etc. As for the colloquial dialects, they are the language of conversation which people use in daily life, at home and on the street. But if we study the Arabic language situation, we can find the middle form between the literary Arabic and colloquial Arabic. In this point the broadcasting Arabic is considered as a ideal model of the middle form between the two varieties. As compared the broadcasting Arabic with the literary Arabic & colloquial Arabic, we may find many differences in the phonological, morphological, syntactical, lexical systems. For example, the morphological system of the broadcasting Arabic is the mixture of the literary and colloquial Arabic in the verbal system, numerals, the passive voice and the pronoun suffix.

북부 아랍어와 남부 아랍어에 대한 역사적 고찰

최진영(Choi Jin Young) 한국이슬람학회 2019 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.29 No.2

The Arabic language is generally divided into northern Arabic and southern Arabic. The northern Arabic includes western Ḥijāzi and eastern Najdi dialects, while the southern Arabic includes the ancient Yemeni languages and modern dialects. The Ḥijāzi dialects were used as the urban dialects in Mecca and Medina and the Najdi dialects included Bedouin dialects. The urban dialects during the Islamic conquest have rapidly changed compared to the Bedouin dialects, which have lost its own grammatical rules. On the other hand, the Bedouin dialects relatively maintained a linguistic purity because they were geographically isolated. It seems that the language of the Koran and the pre-Islamic poems were more related to Eastern than to Western Arabic considering that the Najdi dialects have the linguistic characteristics of the classical Arabic, such as the adaptation of the spelling of the hamzah, the glottal stop, the preservation of the declension, a voiceless sound of /q/, the presence of interdental sounds, the use of passive form, and the use of the duals and so on. The southern Arabic is divided into the ancient Yemeni languages and the modern Yemeni dialects. The ancient Yemeni languages like the Minaean, Sabean disappeared, while the Himyarian has developed into the modern Yemen dialects. The Himyarian was influenced by the northern Arabic language, and the linguistic features of the Sanaa dialect belonging to the Himyarian language prove this well. The aim of this paper is historically to study northern Arabic and southern Arabic by investigating the language situation and the phonetical & morphological differences or similarities between them.